Background and Aim
Patients with cholelithiasis (CL) or cholecystectomy (CE) would have more chances of getting colorectal adenoma (CRA) or cancer (CRC). We aimed to figure out the effects of gut ...microbiota and bile acid on colorectal neoplasm in CL and CE patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study that recruited 514 volunteers, including 199 people with normal gallbladders (normal), 152 CL, and 163 CE patients. Discovery cohort was established to explore the difference in gut microbiota through 16S rRNA and metagenomics sequencing. Validation cohort aimed to verify the results through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
Results
Significant enrichment of Escherichia coli was found in patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy both in the discovery cohort (16S rRNA sequencing, PNormal‐CL = 0.013, PNormal‐CE = 0.042; metagenomics sequencing, PNormal‐CE = 0.026) and validation cohort (PNormal‐CL < 0.0001, PNormal‐CE < 0.0001). Pks+ E. coli was found enriched in CL and CE patients through qPCR (in discovery cohort: PNormal‐CE = 0.018; in validation cohort: PNormal‐CL < 0.0001, PNormal‐CE < 0.0001). The differences in bile acid metabolism were found both through Tax4Fun analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing (Ko00120, primary bile acid biosynthesis, PNormal‐CE = 0.014; Ko00121, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, PNormal‐CE = 0.010) and through metagenomics sequencing (map 00121, PNormal‐CE = 0.026). The elevation of serum total bile acid of CE patients was also found in validation cohort (PNormal‐CE < 0.0001). The level of serum total bile acid was associated with the relative abundance of pks+ E. coli (r = 0.1895, P = 0.0012).
Conclusions
E. coli, especially pks+ species, was enriched in CL and CE patients. Pks+ E. coli and bile acid metabolism were found associated with CRA and CRC in people after cholecystectomy.
This study sought to determine whether the in situ tumor-infiltrating immune lymphocytes, as a novel companion to the Immunoscore analysis, could be a promising, valuable prognostic and predictive ...marker in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Total (CD3+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes were assessed using immunohistochemistry in tumor nests and stroma obtained from patient surgical specimens. The “Immunoscore” methodology has been defined to quantify the amount of in situ immune infiltrate (from I0 to I4). Survival curves were measured using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences in survival and response to therapy between the groups were estimated using the log-rank test. The prognostic value of the Immunoscore was determined using Cox multivariate analysis. The density and location of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and the associated Immunoscore correlated significantly with differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (all P < .005). Compared with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, the Immunoscore was found to have an advantage in predicting survival (P = .000). In addition, a high Immunoscore was associated with the tumors of advanced-stage patients who underwent different treatment regimens. The Immunoscore could be a useful prognostic marker. The measurement of CD3+ and CD8+ cell infiltration may be beneficial in HNSCC patients and may help determine which patients may benefit most from definitive chemoradiotherapy.
•Established an Immunoscore system in resected HNSCC patients.•The Immunoscore system was able to predict the prognosis of HNSCC.•The Immunoscore were the supplementation of TNM staging.•Immunoscore is used to determine the treatment plan for patients with HNSCC.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has increased among patients aged <50 years. Exploring high-risk factors and screening high-risk populations may help lower early-onset CRC (EO-CRC) incidence. We ...developed noninvasive predictive models for EO-CRC and investigated its risk factors.
This retrospective multicenter study collected information on 1756 patients (811 patients with EO-CRC and 945 healthy controls) from two medical centers in China. Sociodemographic features, clinical symptoms, medical and family history, lifestyle, and dietary factors were measured. Patients from one cohort were randomly assigned (8:2) to two groups for model establishment and internal validation, and another independent cohort was used for external validation. Multivariable logistic regression, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were performed to establish noninvasive predictive models for EO-CRC. Some variables in the model influenced EO-CRC occurrence and were further analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis yielded adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
All three models showed good performance, with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.82 in the internal and 0.78, 0.79, and 0.78 in the external validation cohorts, respectively. Consumption of sweet (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.89-3.86, P < 0.001) and fried (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.29-3.62, P < 0.001) foods ≥3 times per week was significantly associated with EO-CRC occurrence.
We established noninvasive predictive models for EO-CRC and identified multiple nongenetic risk factors, especially sweet and fried foods. The model has good performance and can help predict the occurrence of EO-CRC in the Chinese population.
Flexible job shop scheduling has been widely researched due to its application in many types of fields. However, constraints including setup time and transportation time should be considered ...simultaneously among the realistic requirements. Moreover, the energy consumptions during the machine processing and staying at the idle time should also be taken into account for green production. To address this issue, first, we modeled the problem by utilizing an integer programming method, wherein the energy consumption and makespan objectives are optimized simultaneously. Afterward, an improved Jaya (IJaya) algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. In the proposed algorithm, each solution is represented by a two-dimensional vector. Consequently, several problem-specific local search operators are developed to perform exploitation tasks. To enhance the exploration ability, a SA-based heuristic is embedded in the algorithm. Meanwhile, to verify the performance of the proposed IJaya algorithm, 30 instances with different scales were generated and used for simulation tests. Six efficient algorithms were selected for detailed comparisons. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed algorithm can solve the considered problem with high efficiency.
•The FJSPs with transportation and setup time are considered.•Two objectives are optimized simultaneously.•Seven different types of local search approaches are proposed.•SA-based acceptation criterion is embedded.
Most patients with gastric cancer (GCa) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. We aimed to investigate novel fecal signatures for clinical application in early diagnosis of GCa.
This was an ...observational study that included 1043 patients from 10 hospitals in China. In the discovery cohort, 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis was performed in paired samples (tissues and feces) from patients with GCa and chronic gastritis (ChG) to determine differential abundant microbes. Their relative abundances were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to test them as bacterial candidates in the training cohort. Their diagnostic efficacy was validated in the validation cohort.
Significant enrichments of Streptococcus anginosus (Sa) and Streptococcus constellatus (Sc) in GCa tumor tissues (P < .05) and feces (P < .0001) were observed in patients with intraepithelial neoplasia, early and advanced GCa. Either the signature parallel test Sa∪Sc or single signature Sa/Sc demonstrated superior sensitivity (Sa: 75.6% vs 72.1%, P < .05; Sc: 84.4% vs 64.0%, P < .001; and Sa∪Sc: 91.1% vs 81.4%, P < .01) in detecting early GCa compared with advanced GCa (specificity: Sa: 84.0% vs 83.9%, Sc: 70.4% vs 82.3%, and Sa∪Sc: 64.0% vs 73.4%). Fecal signature Sa∪Sc outperformed Sa∪CEA/Sc∪CEA in the discrimination of advanced GCa (sensitivity: 81.4% vs 74.2% and 81.4% vs 72.3%, P < .01; specificity: 73.4% vs 81.0 % and 73.4% vs 81.0%). The performance of Sa∪Sc in the diagnosis of both early and advanced GCa was verified in the validation cohort.
Fecal Sa and Sc are noninvasive, accurate, and sensitive signatures for early warning in GCa. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT04638959).
Display omitted
Fecal Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus are noninvasive, accurate, and sensitive signatures in screening and early warning of gastric cancer, particularly at the early stage, with potential implications for gastric cancer prevention.
Owing to rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, the role of emotion recognition has become paramount in human–computer interaction. Traditional approaches often reduce this intricate task to ...a mere classification problem by relying heavily on perceptual pattern-recognition techniques. However, this simplification overlooks the dynamic and multifaceted nature of human emotions. According to theories in emotion psychology, existing pattern recognition methods primarily capture external emotional expressions—termed “external emotional energy” (EEE)—rather than the nuanced underlying emotions. To address this gap, we introduce the evolutionary mental state transition model (EMSTM). In the initial phase, EMSTM employs standard pattern-recognition algorithms to extract EEE from multi-modal human expressions. Subsequently, it leverages a mental state transition network to model the dynamic transitions between emotional states, thereby predicting real-time emotions with higher fidelity. We validated the efficacy of EMSTM through experiments on 2 multi-label emotion datasets: CMU Multimodal Opinion Sentiment and Emotion Intensity (CMU-MOSEI) and Ren Chinese Emotion Corpus (Ren-CECps). The results indicate a marked improvement over conventional methods. By synergistically combining principles from psychology with computational techniques, EMSTM offers a holistic and accurate framework for real-time emotion tracking, aligning closely with the dynamic mental processes that govern human emotions.
Adiabatic processes are important for studying the dynamics of a time-dependent system. Conventionally, the adiabatic processes can only be achieved by varying the system slowly. We speed up both ...classical and quantum adiabatic processes by adding control protocols. In classical systems, we work out the control protocols by analyzing the classical adiabatic approximation. In quantum systems, we follow the idea of transitionless driving by Berry J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. Vol.42 365303 (2009). Such fast-forward adiabatic processes can be performed at arbitrary fast speed, and in the meanwhile reduce the work fluctuation. In both systems, we use a time-dependent harmonic oscillator model to work out explicitly the work function and the work fluctuation in three types of processes: fast-forward adiabatic processes, adiabatic processes, and non-adiabatic processes. We show the significant reduction on work fluctuation in fast-forward adiabatic process. We further illustrate how the fast-forward process improved the converging rate of the Jarzynski equality between the work function and the free energy. As an application, we show that the fast-forward process not only maximizes the output power but also improve the efficiency of a quantum engine.
General PT-Symmetric Matrices Jia-wen, Deng; Guenther, Uwe; Qing-hai Wang
arXiv (Cornell University),
12/2012
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Three ways of constructing a non-Hermitian matrix with possible all real eigenvalues are discussed. They are PT symmetry, pseudo-Hermiticity, and generalized PT symmetry. Parameter counting is ...provided for each class. All three classes of matrices have more real parameters than a Hermitian matrix with the same dimension. The generalized PT-symmetric matrices are most general among the three. All self-adjoint matrices process a generalized PT symmetry. For a given matrix, it can be both PT-symmetric and P'-pseudo-Hermitian with respect to some P' operators. The relation between corresponding P and P' operators is established. The Jordan block structures of each class are discussed. Explicit examples in 2x2 are shown.
Fixtures Design Based on RP Technology Zhang, Zheng; Li, Dan Tong; Wu, Qiang ...
Applied Mechanics and Materials,
08/2014, Letnik:
615, Številka:
Automatic Control and Mechatronic Engineering III
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the mechanical processing, fixture has an irreplaceable role, but in the traditional design methods, there are many shortcomings, the rapid prototyping technology is used in the design of fixture ...was mainly introduced. The defects of fixture design was introduced at this stage, the rationality of rapid prototyping technology used in fixture design was analyzed, then, the advantages of rapid prototyping technology used for fixture design was highlighted, through the concrete example and the forming process of display.
Lipid biosynthesis is essential for eukaryotic cells, but the mechanisms of the process in microalgae remain poorly understood. Phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase or 3-sn-phosphatidate ...phosphohydrolase （PAP） catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerols and inorganic orthophosphates. This reaction is integral in the synthesis of triacylglycerols. In this study, the mRNA level of the PAP isoform CrPAP2 in a species of Chlamydomonas was found to increase in nitrogen-free conditions. Silencing of the CrPAP2 gene using RNA interference resulted in the decline of lipid content by 2.4%-17.4%. By contrast, over-expression of the CrPAP2 gene resulted in an increase in lipid content by 7.5%-21.8%. These observations indicate that regulation of the CrPAP2 gene can control the lipid content of the algal cells. In vitro CrPAP2 enzyme activity assay indicated that the cloned CrPAP2 gene exhibited biological activities.
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