Summary
In male Caucasians with discordant hip bone mineral density (BMD), we applied the subcellular separation and proteome profiling to investigate the monocytic cytosol. Three BMD-associated ...proteins (ALDOA, MYH14, and Rap1B) were identified based on multiple omics evidence, and they may influence the pathogenic mechanisms of osteoporosis by regulating the activities of monocytes.
Introduction
Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem, leading to significant mortality not only in aging females but also in males. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) play important roles in bone metabolism by acting as precursors of osteoclasts and producing cytokines important for osteoclast development. The first cytosolic sub-proteome profiling analysis was performed in male PBMs to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that are associated with BMDs and risk of osteoporosis.
Methods
Here, we conducted a comparative proteomics analysis in PBMs from Caucasian male subjects with discordant hip BMD (29 low BMD vs. 30 high BMD). To decrease the proteome complexity and expand the coverage range of the cellular proteome, we separated the PBM proteome into several subcellular compartments and focused on the cytosolic fractions, which are involved in a wide range of fundamental biochemical processes.
Results
Of the total of 3796 detected cytosolic proteins, we identified 16 significant (
P
< 0.05) and an additional 22 suggestive (
P
< 0.1) DEPs between samples with low vs. high hip BMDs. Some of the genes for DEPs, including
ALDOA
,
MYH14
, and
Rap1B
, showed an association with BMD in multiple omics studies (proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic). Further bioinformatics analysis revealed the enrichment of DEPs in functional terms for monocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
Conclusions
The combination strategy of subcellular separation and proteome profiling allows an in-depth and refined investigation into the composition and functions of cytosolic proteome, which may shed light on the monocyte-mediated pathogenic mechanisms of osteoporosis.
An ion‐scale flux rope (FR), embedded in a high‐speed electron flow (possibly an electron vortex), is investigated in the magnetotail using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) ...spacecraft. Intense electric field and current and abundant waves are observed in the exterior and interior regions of the FR. Comparable parallel and perpendicular currents in the interior region imply that the FR has a non‐force‐free configuration. Electron demagnetization occurs in some subregions of the FR. It is surprising that strong dissipation (J × E' up to 2,000 pW/m3) occurs in the center of the FR without signatures of secondary reconnection or coalescence of two FRs, implying that FR may provide another important channel for energy dissipation in space plasmas. These features indicate that the observed FR is still highly dynamical, and hosts multiscale coupling processes, even though the FR has a very large scale and is far away from the reconnection site.
Plain Language Summary
Flux ropes, 3‐D helical magnetic structures, in which magnetic field lines twist with each other, play an important role in the macroscopic and microscopic physical process during magnetic reconnection. Most of previous studies focused on the flux ropes in the reconnection region. However, some physical process inside macroscopic flux ropes far away from the reconnection site in the magnetotail is still unclear due to the lack of high time resolution data. In this letter, thanks to the unprecedented high time resolution data of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we report an ion‐scale flux rope and study its dynamics. Our observations demonstrate that the observed flux rope is still highly dynamical, and hosting multiscale coupling processes and strong energy dissipation, even though the flux rope has very large scale and is far away from the reconnection site.
Key Points
An ion‐scale flux rope, embedded in possible electron vortex, is investigated in the magnetotail in details
Electron demagnetization occurs in some subregions of the flux rope, and abundant waves are detected in the exterior and interior regions
Strong dissipation occurs in the flux rope, implying that flux rope provides another important channel for energy dissipation in space plasma
ABSTRACT
The temporal variation of solar coronal rotation appears to be very complex and its relevance to the 11-year solar activity cycle is still unclear. Using the modified coronal index for the ...time interval from 1939 January 1–2019 May 31, the systematic regularities of solar coronal rotation are investigated. Our main findings are as follows. (1) From a global point of view, the synodic coronal rotation period with a value of 27.5 days is the only significant period at periodic scales shorter than 64 days. (2) The coronal rotation period exhibits an obvious decreasing trend during the time interval considered, implying that the solar corona accelerates its global rotation rate in the long run. (3) Significant periods of 3.25, 6.13, 9.53 and 11.13 years exist in coronal rotation, providing evidence that coronal rotation should be connected with the quasi-biennial oscillation, the 11-year solar cycle and the 22-year Hale cycle (or magnetic activity reversal). (4) The phase relationship between the coronal rotation period and solar magnetic activity is not only time-dependent but also frequency-dependent. For a small range around the 11-year cycle band, there is a systematic trend in phase and a small mismatch in this band causes the phase to drift. The possible mechanism for the above analysis results is discussed.
Highlights • The individual and combined effects of ZEA and DON on the mouse brain were evaluated. • ZEA and/or DON inhibited protein contents, antioxidant indicators, and increased apoptosis. • ...Effects DON or/and ZEA showed a dose-dependent manner and synergistic effects.
Abstract
Daily solar spectral irradiances (SSIs) at the spectral intervals 1–40, 116–264 and 950–1600 nm and four categories of solar small-scale magnetic elements (
$$MF_{no}$$
M
F
no
,
...$$MF_{anti}$$
M
F
anti
,
$$MF_{tran}$$
M
F
tran
and
$$MF_{in}$$
M
F
in
) are used to study the temporal variation of coronal rotation and investigate the relation of the coronal rotation with magnetic field structures through continuous wavelet transform and Pearson correlation analysis. The results reveal the contributions of different magnetic structures to the temporal variation of the rotation for the coronal atmosphere during different phases of the solar cycle. During the solar maximum, the temporal variation of rotation for the coronal plasma atmosphere is mainly dominated by the small-scale magnetic elements of
$$MF_{anti}$$
M
F
anti
; whereas during the epochs of the relatively weak solar activity, it is controlled by the joint effect of the small-scale magnetic elements of both
$$MF_{anti}$$
M
F
anti
and
$$MF_{in}$$
M
F
in
. The weaker the solar activity, the stronger the effect of
$$MF_{in}$$
M
F
in
would be. Furthermore, this study presents an explanation for the inconsistent results for the coronal rotation issue among the previous studies, and also reveals the reason why the coronal atmosphere rotates faster than the lower photosphere.
We report a measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment with nearly 4 million reactor νover ¯_{e} inverse β decay candidates observed over 1958 days ...of data collection. The installation of a flash analog-to-digital converter readout system and a special calibration campaign using different source enclosures reduce uncertainties in the absolute energy calibration to less than 0.5% for visible energies larger than 2 MeV. The uncertainty in the cosmogenic ^{9}Li and ^{8}He background is reduced from 45% to 30% in the near detectors. A detailed investigation of the spent nuclear fuel history improves its uncertainty from 100% to 30%. Analysis of the relative νover ¯_{e} rates and energy spectra among detectors yields sin^{2}2θ_{13}=0.0856±0.0029 and Δm_{32}^{2}=(2.471_{-0.070}^{+0.068})×10^{-3} eV^{2} assuming the normal hierarchy, and Δm_{32}^{2}=-(2.575_{-0.070}^{+0.068})×10^{-3} eV^{2} assuming the inverted hierarchy.
ABSTRACT
Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of solar magnetic activities is intrinsic to dynamo mechanism, but still far from fully understood. In this work, the phase and amplitude asymmetry of solar ...QBO of Hα flare activity in the northern and southern hemispheres is studied by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition, the cross-correlation analysis, and the wavelet transform technique. The following results are found: (1) solar QBO of Hα flare index in the two hemispheres has a complicated phase relationship, but does not show any systematic regularity; and (2) the solar cycle mode of solar Hα flare index in the northern hemisphere generally leads that in the southern one by nine months for the time interval from 1966 to 2014. The possible origin of these results is discussed.
Alloying is an effective method to strengthen high entropy alloys (HEAs). Unfortunately, most of the investigations focus on the perspective of experiments and few are available from the perspective ...of atomic and electrical scale such as electronic structure, energy band structure and charge density. In present work, first-principle calculation based on density functional theory was employed to calculate the ground state total energy, lattice parameters, elastic constants and polycrystal modulus of NbMoTaW and NbMoTaWV refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs). The effects of V addition on the phase structure, elastic properties and electronic structure of NbMoTaW-based RHEAs were studied, respectively. V addition is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of NbMoTaW alloy according to the calculated value of shear modulus to bulk modulus, Cauchy pressure and Vickers hardness. Based on calculated energy band, electronic state density, charge density and charge density difference, V addition is found to shorten the pseudo-energy gap and enhance interaction force between Mo and W atoms. This tends to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating that the methods were effective in predicting the performance of RHEAs.
•V strengthening of NbMoTaW HEA was investigated from perspective of atomic and electrical scale.•Interaction of orbitals electrons between V and Nb–Mo–Ta–W is stronger than that among Nb–Mo–Ta–W.•V addition enhances the bonding strength and improves mechanical properties of NbMoTaW RHEA.
Summary
Four species of Spartina (Spartina anglica, S. alterniflora, S. patens and S. cynosuroides) have been introduced to China, but currently only the first three are present and only the first ...two successfully reproduce on the Chinese coast. Spartina anglica and S. alterniflora were introduced to China from England in 1963 and from the United States in 1979, respectively. Today, S. alterniflora has expanded its coverage to more than 112 000 ha and S. anglica has declined to <50 ha. This is compared with only 260 ha of S. alterniflora and over 36 000 ha of S. anglica in 1985. The fates of Chinese Spartina, with dramatic expansion of S. alterniflora and significant decline of S. anglica, were different from those in other locations throughout the world. Factors affecting the growth of the two naturalized Spartina species in China include differences in artificial plantation strategy, impacts of tideland reclamation, species competition ability and genetic diversity. Several methods for Spartina control in China, such as harvesting, herbicide application and freshwater irrigation, have been developed, but more research is needed to verify their effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
Quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) are considered to be a fundamental mode of solar magnetic activity at low latitudes (≤50°). However, the evolutionary aspect and the hemispheric ...distribution of solar QBOs at high latitudes (≥60°) are rarely studied. Here, we apply a relatively novel time-frequency analysis technique, called the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, in order to extract the main components of the polar faculae in the Northern and Southern hemispheres for the time interval from 1951 August to 1998 December. We note the following. (i) Apart from the 22-yr Hale cycle, the 17-yr extended activity cycle and the 11-yr Schwabe cycle, QBOs have been estimated as a prominent time-scale of solar magnetic activity at high latitudes. (ii) The QBOs of the polar faculae are coherent in the two hemispheres, but the temporal (phase) and the spatial (amplitude) variations of solar QBOs occur unevenly on both hemispheres. (iii) For the 11-yr period mode, this begins in the Northern hemisphere three months earlier than in the Southern hemisphere. Moreover, the spatial and temporal distributions of the hemispheric QBOs differ from those of the 11-yr Schwabe cycle mode in the two hemispheres. Our findings could be helpful to improve our knowledge of the physical origin of the spatial distribution of solar QBOs at high latitudes, and could also provide more constraints on solar dynamo models introduced to characterize the different components of the solar magnetic activity cycle.
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