The study found that microRNAs play an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the function of MicroRNA-216a (miR-216a) in PD is unclear. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate ...the pathogenesis of miR-216a in PD. Using the toxicity of MPP+ to polyhexamine neurons, apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was induced at different time by MPP+ to construct a stable acute PD cell model. The effects of DNA breakage, mitochondrial membrane potential (A ^ m), caspase-3 activity and nucleosome enrichment on cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, TUNEL. MPP+ increased the toxic effects of dopaminergic neurons in a PD model. The introduction of miR-216a inhibited MPP + -induced neuronal apoptosis. The main manifestations were the decreased levels of positive rate of Tunel cells, caspase 3 activity and nucleosome enrichment factor. Bax was a direct target of miR-216a. In addition, Bax overexpression reversed the effects of miR-216a on neural cells. Bax downstream factors were also involved in miR-216a regulation of MPP + -triggered neuronal apoptosis. miR-216a regulated the progression of PD by regulating Bax, and miR-216a may be a potential target for PD.
Tau aggregation in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is closely associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular signatures that distinguish ...between aggregation-prone and aggregation-resistant cell states are unknown. We developed methods for the high-throughput isolation and transcriptome profiling of single somas with NFTs from the human AD brain, quantified the susceptibility of 20 neocortical subtypes for NFT formation and death, and identified both shared and cell-type-specific signatures. NFT-bearing neurons shared a marked upregulation of synaptic transmission-related genes, including a core set of 63 genes enriched for synaptic vesicle cycling. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction were highly cell-type dependent. Apoptosis was only modestly enriched, and the susceptibilities of NFT-bearing and NFT-free neurons for death were highly similar. Our analysis suggests that NFTs represent cell-type-specific responses to stress and synaptic dysfunction. We provide a resource for biomarker discovery and the investigation of tau-dependent and tau-independent mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
3D solid robot animation design based on ADAMS Yang, Baojian; Deng, Yongning; Yue, Xia ...
International journal of system assurance engineering and management,
04/2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The rapid development of science and technology promotes the intensive development of robotics and the application of ADAMS in the field of robotics is constantly expanding. Research on robot ...kinematics and dynamics is the core issue of biped robot animation simulation. It is of great significance to propose an efficient and improved inverse kinematics algorithm for the development of robotic bionics in China. In this paper, the BIOLOID robot assembly kit is used as the research platform. Based on this, the biped robot kinematics equations and dynamic equations are deduced, and a three-step programming method is used to carry out reasonable gait planning for the biped robot. A simplified virtual prototype model of the lower limb of a biped robot, and the motion trajectories of the joints are input to perform motion simulation of the robot’s static walking. The feasibility of gait planning is verified by analyzing the dynamic images obtained from the simulation experiments and the experimental data of each joint vector. This paper uses the Denavit-Hartenberg rule to construct a biped robot animation simulation kinematics model, deduces a matrix expression describing joint vectors between adjacent links, and solves the biped robot’s positive kinematics equation by chain multiplication rule; An efficient and improved inverse kinematics algorithm is proposed. This solution has the characteristics of high accuracy, high efficiency and few redundant solutions. The experimental study found that the three-step planning method for biped robotic static walking planning is feasible and can reach 98%, and can meet the pre-planning requirements.
Gastrointestinal (GI) disruptions and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but how they may impact risk for PD remains poorly understood. Herein, we ...provide evidence that prodromal intestinal inflammation expedites and exacerbates PD endophenotypes in rodent carriers of the human PD risk allele LRRK2 G2019S in a sex-dependent manner. Chronic intestinal damage in genetically predisposed male mice promotes α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra, loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment. This male bias is preserved in gonadectomized males, and similarly conferred by sex chromosomal complement in gonadal females expressing human LRRK2 G2019S. The early onset and heightened severity of neuropathological and behavioral outcomes in male LRRK2 G2019S mice is preceded by increases in α-synuclein in the colon, α-synuclein-positive macrophages in the colonic lamina propria, and loads of phosphorylated α-synuclein within microglia in the substantia nigra. Taken together, these data reveal that prodromal intestinal inflammation promotes the pathogenesis of PD endophenotypes in male carriers of LRRK2 G2019S, through mechanisms that depend on genotypic sex and involve early accumulation of α-synuclein in myeloid cells within the gut.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methylphenidate on the spatial learning and memory ability and synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocamal CA3 region of the spontaneously ...hypertensive rat, a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The methylphenidate group and model group were respectively administered the drug (10
mg/kg, i.p.) and saline 30
min before place navigation on 6 consecutive days, a control group of Wistar Kyoto rats were administered saline in the same way. Transmission electron microscopic and imaging analyses were then used to detect and analyze any microstructural changes. The performance of the model rats treated with the drug was the best in the probe test. In addition, three parameters including the length of the active zone, the thickness of the postsynaptic density and the synaptic curvature were measured to show the significant synaptic configuration changes in the methylphenidate group in comparison to the model group. Therefore, these ultrastructural changes in the hippocampal CA3 region may be one of the mechanisms by which methylphenidate improves the spatial memory ability of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The Wistar Kyoto rats showed a significantly decreased latency for finding the platform from the second day in spite of a floating characteristic, while in the probe test, their performance was close to that of the model rats. Finally, morphological evidence suggested the model rats to have a cognitive impairment in comparison to the control group and their better performance was possibly due to the physiological hyper-response of WKY in the water maze tasks.
To investigate the nursing effects of finger exercise training on cognitive function and others for patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS).
A total of 200 patients with CIS were selected in ...this prospective study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group (n=100, routine nursing) and research group (n=100, routine nursing combined with finger exercise training). Various scales were used to evaluate the cognitive function, hand function, upper limb motor function, wrist flexor muscle tone, degree of neurological impairment and ability of daily living (ADL) in the two groups before and after intervention. And the incidence of mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after intervention was compared.
After intervention, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), hand function, Fugl-meyer Assessment (FMA) and ADL scores in both groups were significantly increased, and those in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There were opposite trends in the Neurologic Functional Defect (NIHSS) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for wrist flexor scores (all P<0.05). The incidence of mild VCI in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).
On the basis of early rehabilitation nursing, combined finger exercise training can improve cognitive function, hand function, upper limb function and ADL for patients with CIS.
The early clinical features of nitrous oxide (N2O)‐induced neuropathy were mimicking that of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We aimed to explore clinical and laboratory characteristics of N2O‐induced ...neuropathy in comparison with GBS. We retrospectively reviewed data of 15 patients with N2O‐induced neuropathy and compared them with 15 GBS patients. The age of the N2O‐induced neuropathy group was significantly younger than that in the GBS group (22 ± 5 vs 45 ± 17). Paresthesia was more common in N2O‐induced neuropathy group (100% vs 53.3%). The proportion of distal upper limbs weakness was lower than that in GBS group (20.0% vs 93.3%). There was no significant difference in the distal weakness of the lower limbs (100% vs 80.0%). The incidence of motor conduction block and compound muscle action potential amplitude reduction in upper limbs was lower than that in GBS group (6.7% vs 60.0%; 26.7% vs 80.0%). The sensory nerve action potential amplitude drop in the lower limbs was more severe than that in GBS group (53.3% vs 0). The increase of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was more pronounced compared to GBS group (96.97 ± 6.00 vs 88.55 ± 5.41). High homocysteine levels were more common in N2O‐related group 29.80(11.60, 70.50) vs 14.35(9.22, 19.30). Typical clinical features of the acute N2O neuropathy appears to be a myeloneuropathy, affecting the lower limbs more than the upper limbs, mixed axonal‐demyelinating electrophysiological performance, higher homocysteine level, and larger MCV and common posterior spinal cord involvement in cervical segment.
Sleep is an important physiological process and beneficial in the removal of brain metabolites and functional recovery. Prior studies have shown that sleep disorders are significant risk factors for ...Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The present study was designed to characterize the effect of short-term total sleep deprivation (TSD) on plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations.
A clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2016, and April 1, 2016. Twenty volunteers (age 27.3±3.4 years) with normal cognitive function and sleeping habits were recruited from the local population. Participants underwent 24 h of TSD. Periprocedural blood samples were collected to compare the changes of plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP-1), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA).
TSD increased morning plasma Aβ40 levels by 32.6% (p < 0.001) and decreased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by 19.3% (p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between TSD duration and plasma Aβ40 level (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio (r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of sLRP1 (p = 0.018) and sRAGE (p = 0.001) decreased significantly after TSD. Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma concentrations correlated with plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE. Serum SOD decreased after TSD (p = 0.005), whereas serum MDA was increased (p = 0.001).
Sleep deprivation can lead to an elevation of plasma Aβ40 and decrease of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The underlying mechanisms may be related to increased oxidative stress and impaired peripheral Aβ clearance as pathomechanisms of AD.
