Due to the presence of sodium, it is a challenging task to achieve the reliable and safe operation of steam generators in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Water flow oscillations in a two-phase ...flow system worsen the tube integrity. An accurate prediction of two-phase pressure drop is essential in designing steam generators to operate in a stable regime. Toward this, experiments have been carried out on an industrial-size 19-tube model sodium-heated steam generator of 5.5-MW capacity to understand two-phase pressure drop characteristics at various operating conditions. The measured data are used to estimate the two-phase frictional pressure drop. The concept of a two-phase friction multiplier has been used in the present study. A significant variation in the two-phase frictional multiplier is seen with steam quality, whereas the variation of the two-phase friction multiplier is insignificant at saturated steam condition. Based on the experiments, complemented by computational model, a correlation has been developed for the two-phase frictional multiplier as a function of steam quality for sodium-heated once-through straight-tube steam generators.
The present work deals with the synthesis of lead selenide (PbSe) thin films by simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition method with variation in deposition time. The structural, ...morphological, and electrochemical properties of as-deposited thin films were examined using characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. XRD reveals formation of rock salt phase cubic structured PbSe. FE-SEM images show the formation of microcubic structured morphology. The existence of the PbSe is confirmed from the XPS analysis. On the other hand, CV curves show four reaction peaks corresponding to oxidation PbSe and Pb(OH)
2
and reduction (PbO
2
and Pb(OH)
2
) at the surface of PbSe thin films. The PbSe:2 sample deposited for 80 min. shows maximum specific capacitance of 454 ± 5 F g
− 1
obtained at 0.25 mA cm
− 2
current density. The maximum energy density of 69 Wh kg
− 1
was showed by PbSe:2 electrode with a power density of 1077 W kg
− 1
. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance studies of PbSe:2 thin film show 80 ± 3% cycling stability even after 500 CV cycles. Such results show the importance of microcubic structured PbSe thin film as an anode in supercapacitor devices.
•Synthesis of ZnO thin films onto glass substrates at 450°C from aqueous zinc acetate solution.•The multifunctionality of spray deposited ZnO thin films was investigated.•Gas sensing performances ...toward three gases (ethanol, propanol and acetone) were investigated.
Simple and economical spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) was employed for synthesis of multifunctional zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films onto glass substrates. The synthesized material was composed of Zn2p and O1s, as confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image revealed the uniform distribution of grains of about 80–90nm. The film shows superhydrophobic nature with contact angle (CA) value 154°. The deposited film was specular and highly transparent with average transmittance of about 85%. The optical transmittance spectrum shows sharp band edge at 381nm, corresponding to band gap energy of 3.25eV. Film exhibits room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with a strong ultraviolet emission at 398nm with weak green emission at 520nm, confirms the less defect density in the samples. The gas sensing performance of the spray deposited ZnO films toward to reducing gases like ethanol, propanol and acetone was also studied. We examined here the viability of SPT in order to deposit such multifunctional ZnO thin films on glass substrates, which can be useful for various applications.
A search for mixing between active neutrinos and light sterile neutrinos has been performed by looking for muon neutrino disappearance in two detectors at baselines of 1.04 and 735 km, using a ...combined MINOS and MINOS+ exposure of 16.36×10^{20} protons on target. A simultaneous fit to the charged-current muon neutrino and neutral-current neutrino energy spectra in the two detectors yields no evidence for sterile neutrino mixing using a 3+1 model. The most stringent limit to date is set on the mixing parameter sin^{2}θ_{24} for most values of the sterile neutrino mass splitting Δm_{41}^{2}>10^{-4} eV^{2}.
We report on a new analysis of neutrino oscillations in MINOS using the complete set of accelerator and atmospheric data. The analysis combines the ν(μ) disappearance and ν(e) appearance data using ...the three-flavor formalism. We measure |Δm(32)(2)| = 2.28-2.46 × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.35-0.65 (90% C.L.) in the normal hierarchy, and |Δm(32)(2)| = 2.32-2.53 × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.34-0.67 (90% C.L.) in the inverted hierarchy. The data also constrain δ(CP), the θ(23} octant degeneracy and the mass hierarchy; we disfavor 36% (11%) of this three-parameter space at 68% (90%) C.L.
Searches for a light sterile neutrino have been performed independently by the MINOS and the Daya Bay experiments using the muon (anti)neutrino and electron antineutrino disappearance channels, ...respectively. In this Letter, results from both experiments are combined with those from the Bugey-3 reactor neutrino experiment to constrain oscillations into light sterile neutrinos. The three experiments are sensitive to complementary regions of parameter space, enabling the combined analysis to probe regions allowed by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE experiments in a minimally extended four-neutrino flavor framework. Stringent limits on sin^{2}2θ_{μe} are set over 6 orders of magnitude in the sterile mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}. The sterile-neutrino mixing phase space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments is excluded for Δm_{41}^{2}<0.8 eV^{2} at 95% CL_{s}.
Naringenin, a flavanone, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including antitumor activity.
We wanted to test the efficacy of Naringenin on C6 glioma ...cells-implanted into rats was investigated.
Biochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used for analyzing various markers.
Injection of C6 glioma cells into rat brain resulted in increased metabolic markers {Lactatate Dehydrogenase (LDH), 5' Nucleotidase 5'ND), creatine kinase (CK), Hexokinase (HK) and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)} and lipid profile (triglycerides, free fatty acids, phos-pholipids, total cholesterol and free cholesterol). Oral administration of Naringenin (50 mg /kg of BW for 30 days) significantly altered this biochemical profile. Further, the immuno fluorescence expression of Glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) was also studied.
In C6 glioma cells-implanted rats, increased expression of GFAP was noted on treatment with Naringenin. These observations suggest that Naringenin may participate by inhibiting glial cell tumorigenesis.
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been successfully developed for the prediction of human diseases and complex traits in the past years. For drug response prediction in randomized clinical ...trials, a common practice is to apply PRS built from a disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) directly to a corresponding pharmacogenomics (PGx) setting. Here, we show that such an approach relies on stringent assumptions about the prognostic and predictive effects of the selected genetic variants. We propose a shift from disease PRS to PGx PRS approaches by simultaneously modeling both the prognostic and predictive effects and further make this shift possible by developing a series of PRS-PGx methods, including a novel Bayesian regression approach (PRS-PGx-Bayes). Simulation studies show that PRS-PGx methods generally outperform the disease PRS methods and PRS-PGx-Bayes is superior to all other PRS-PGx methods. We further apply the PRS-PGx methods to PGx GWAS data from a large cardiovascular randomized clinical trial (IMPROVE-IT) to predict treatment related LDL cholesterol reduction. The results demonstrate substantial improvement of PRS-PGx-Bayes in both prediction accuracy and the capability of capturing the treatment-specific predictive effects while compared with the disease PRS approaches.
The significance of this study is the complete replacement of diesel fuel with bio-fuels. For this purpose; bio-fuels, namely, methyl ester of paradise oil and eucalyptus oil were chosen and used as ...fuel in the form of blends. Various proportions of paradise oil and eucalyptus oil are prepared on a volume basis and used as fuels in a single cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine, to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels. In the present investigation a methyl ester derived from paradise oil is considered as an ignition improver. The results show a 49% reduction in smoke, 34.5% reduction in HC emissions and a 37% reduction in CO emissions for the Me50–Eu50 blend with a 2.7% increase in NO
x
emission at full load. There was a 2.4% increase in brake thermal efficiency for the Me50–Eu50 blend at full load. The combustion characteristics of Me50–Eu50 blend are comparable with those of diesel.
Experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using Neat poon oil and its blends of 20%, 40%, and 60%, and standard ...diesel fuel separately. The common problems posed when using vegetable oil in a compression ignition engine are poor atomization; carbon deposits, ring sticking, etc. This is because of the high viscosity and low volatility of vegetable oil. When blended with diesel, poon oil presented lower viscosity, improved volatility, better combustion and less carbon deposit. It was found that there was a reduction in NO
x
emission for Neat poon oil and its diesel blends along with a marginal increase in HC and CO emissions. Brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower for Neat poon oil and its diesel blends. From the combustion analysis, it was found that poon oil–diesel blends performed better than Neat poon oil.
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