•Bi2Mo2O9 NPs were prepared by microwave combustion route.•Bi2Mo2O9 NPs were characterized by various techniques.•The EC properties were investigated by CV, GCD, and EIS.•The specific capacitance is ...197 F/g at 0.4 A/g with cycle stability of 94 %.•The results showed potential application for energy storage systems.
In this present work, bismuth molybdate (Bi2Mo2O9) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by microwave combustion method using urea as the fuel. The phase formation and purity of the product was identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis was adopted to record the functional group of Bi2Mo2O9 NPs. The morphology, purity, size and elemental composition of the sample were confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental mapping, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and High-Resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) technique respectively. The UV–visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to examine optical and electronic behavior of the prepared sample at room temperature (RT). The chemical bonding of Bi2Mo2O9 NPs was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of Bi2Mo2O9 NPs were examined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at RT. The particle size distribution was examined by X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Electrochemical (EC) properties of Bi2Mo2O9 NPs were investigated by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and Electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) studies. The specific capacitance (Cs) of prepared Bi2Mo2O9 NPs is 197 F/g at 0.4 A/g with excellent cycle stability of 94% specific capacitance after 1000 cycles. Hence, the results of electrochemical characteristics exhibits excellent performance and have potential application of electrode for energy storage systems.
Nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simplistic one-pot microwave combustion method using urea as the fuel. The produced NPs have been examined by powder X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. Further, optical and electronic properties were determined by UV-Visible and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis, respectively. The magnetic performance of the NiMoO4 NPs was investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and the surface chemical composition was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical activities of the NiMoO4 NPs were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) analysis. From the results, the CV curves indicated the occurrence of redox couples and besides with the EIS data (Nyquist plot), confirmed the supercapacitor nature of the synthesized NiMoO4. The prepared NiMoO4 exhibits a high specific capacitance and rateability. This electrode grants a high specific capacitance of 450 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2 and the well permanency with a cycling proficiency of 94% after 1000 cycles. These results clearly showed that the synthesized NiMoO4 NPs have potential application for the forthcoming flexible and lightweight energy storage.
•Overview of Micromachined sensors for automotive applications.•Recent developments in gas, mass airflow and viscosity sensors.•Highlights the significance of virtual and RADAR sensors.•Point out the ...use of nanoparticles and nanowire for the development of automotive sensors.
The development of onboard sensors in combination with internet connectivity provides a better driving experience, which fuels the growth of automotive market. The ever growing sales of automotives across the world and emergence of new automobile technologies such as autonomous vehicles are the key factors driving the growth of automotive sensor market. This review article extensively studies the advancements being made in the developments of automotive sensors for various automotive applications. The highlight of the article is that it analyses the micromachined automotive sensors such as pressure sensors, position, speed, angular rate and rotational speed sensors, mass air flow sensors, inertial, torque and viscosity sensors along with the traditional temperature and pressure sensors. This article also points out the use of nanoparticles, nanowire for the development of automotive sensors for the future autonomous automotive applications.
Copper molybdate (CuMoO4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by microwave combustion method and urea act as the fuel. The formation of nanocrystalline structure was confirmed by X-ray powder ...diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition of the CuMoO4 NPs was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used to investigate morphological and elemental composition of the prepared sample. The morphology and particle size of sample were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis. The optical and electronic defects were confirmed by the UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). The magnetic behavior was analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis recorded at RT. The X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the chemical state of the elements in the prepared sample. The electrochemical behavior was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge analysis (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The presence of redox pairs is showed in CV curves and along with the EIS data showed the supercapacitor nature. The GCD analysis displayed discharge curves and a high specific capacitance of ~ 127 F/g was acquired at a stable discharge current density (1 mA/cm2). The cyclic stability analysis showed capacitance retention of about 82.5% after 1000 cycles, proposing the potential application of CuMoO4 in energy storage devices.
The cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by the solvothermal techniques by utilizing Cobalt diethyldithiocarbamate (CoDTC2) as single-source precursor and hexadecylamine ...(HDA) as shape directing agent. As-prepared Co9S8 NPs were characterized with structural, morphological, thermal, Spectroscopic and surface analysis using PXRD, TEM, SEM-EDS, TG/DTA, FTIR, Raman and XPS studies respectively. The electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis with Co9S8 NPs modified working electrode. The Co9S8 NPs modified electrode delivered excellent specific capacitances of 502 Fg-1 at current densities of 1 Ag-1. The capacitance retention of Co9S8 was found to be 87% over the examination even after 7000 cycles. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device assembled with cathode and anode materials delivers a high energy density of 15.47Whkg-1 with power density of 1274.9Wkg-1.
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•Co9S8 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by simple solvothermal reflex method.•PXRD and SEM exhibit the cubic crystalline structure and spherical-like morphology for Co9S8 nanoparticles.•Co9S8 electrode material exhibits Faradic pseudo capacitive behaviour.•An enhanced high specific capacitance of 502 Fg-1 and current density of 1 Ag-1.•The Co9S8 electrode material exhibits 87% energy retention in cyclic test after 7000 cycles.
Mixed transition-metal oxides are emerging electrode materials, because of their higher electrochemical performances. In the present work, single-metal oxides, binary-metal oxides, and ternary ...mixed-metal oxides (MMOs) of zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO), and copper oxide (CuO) are successfully prepared by simple gel-combustion process. The structure and properties of MMOs are of great interest, because of the opportunity to tune their properties for better multifunctional performance than single and binary metal oxides. The crystal structure, functional group, surface morphology, and binding energy of all of the single, binary, and ternary MMOs are studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), respectively. The entire electrochemical studies are also performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From the electrochemical study, the ZnO–NiO–CuO MMOs electrode was found to possess pseudocapacitor-type features and shows an outstanding specific capacitance of 1831 F g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1, which is higher than that of single and binary metal oxides. The fabricated asymmetric (ASC) device ZnO–NiO–CuO MMOs || r-GO exhibits maximum specific capacitance of 118 F g–1 at the current density of 1 A g–1. Hence, it leads to the supercapacitance property of maximum storage response; the ASC device possessed the excellent retentivity of (89.97%) up to 10 000 repeated cycles. The ASC device reveals a maximum specific power of 5672 W h kg–1 with a specific energy of 15.7 W h kg–1 with a high current density of 10 A g–1. This finding shows that the ZnO–NiO–CuO MMOs can be used as potential electrode material and might have promising applications in high-performance energy storage devices.
Nanorod shaped cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) electro-catalysts synthesized by microwave combustion route using urea as the fuel. The formation of monoclinic nanocrystalline structure, metal-oxygen (M–O) ...and chemical bonding was confirmed by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) were used to confirm the morphology, elemental composition and particle size of the samples, respectively. The optical and defects were confirmed by the UV–vis. absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). The room temperature magnetic behaviors of product were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Surface binding energy and element confirmation were examined by X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical (EC) performance was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The CV curve proved the existence of redox pairs and the supercapacitor nature exhibited by the EIS (Nyquist plots). The GCD studies provided the non-symmetrical discharge curves and the highest specific capacitance (Csp) of ~ 133 F/g were acquired at a constant discharge current density (1 mA/cm−2). The cyclic stability investigations revealed capacitance retention of about 100% after 1000 cycles, proposing the prospective usage of CoMoO4 in energy-storage devices.
ZnO nanorods embedded on functionalized CNT have been synthesised by the chemical refluxing method. The characterization results revealed the tube-like structure of carbon nanotubes, that expose the ...ZnO nanorods grafted upright and parallel on the floor across the CNT surface. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that crystalline ZnO nanorods are highly loaded on the surface of CNT and formed as a nano-composite. Raman spectroscopy results showed that the intensity of D and G bands decreased due to the loading of ZnO nanorods. Cyclic voltammetry curves reveal the double layer capacitor (EDLC) behaviour of ZnO/CNT. The synthesised hybrid ZnO/CNT exhibits a high specific capacitance (SPc) of 189 Fg-1. The quick charge-discharge performance was found about 95 Fg-1 and the cyclic stability of 96% was observed for 1000 cycles. ZnO/CNT nano-composites also exhibit a high power density of 2250 W kg-1.
•Uniform shape and size ZnO nanorod decorated on functionalized CNT was synthesised.•Electrochemical behaviour of ZnO/CNT was studied (CV, GCD and ESI) in Na2SO4 electrolyte.•EDLC specific capacitance was found to be 189 F/g at 1 mVs−1.•High power density of 2250 W/Kg with energy density of 10.7 Wh/Kg was found.•Cyclic life with retention of capacitance was found about 96% after 1000 cycles.
Nanostructured sodium alginate (Na Alg.) assisted CuS nanoparticles are synthesized by graceful microwave irradiation method. The prepared CuS nanofiller is mixed by means of magnesium ion conducting ...PVA:PVP blend electrolyte films with different compositions using solution casting method. All compositions are characterized to analyse its structural and thermal properties through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric and Differential Thermal analysis (TG/DTA) techniques. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties are analyzed through electrical impedance measurements. Nanofillers mixed Mg:PVA:PVP blend polymer solid electrolyte exhibit maximum protonic conductivity of 1.847 × 10−3 Scm−1. Proton and magnesium ion based conducting solid electrolytes are more applicable for energy storage devices applications.
•Na Alg. assisted CuS synthesized by microwave irradiation method and CuS nanofillered PVA:PVP:MgCl2 polymer films by solution casting method.•All composition of nanofiller mixed Mg:PVA-PVP blend polymer solid electrolyte are examined.•Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties are analyzed through electrical impedance measurements.•Nanofillers mixed Mg:PVA-PVP blend polymer solid electrolyte exhibit maximum protonic conductivity.•Mg:PVA-PVP based conducting electrolytes are more applicable for energy storage devices applications.
Lanthanum (Rare earth metal) doped CuS (La@CuS) at different compositions (0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of La) are synthesized by encapsulation of sodium alginate biopolymer using microwave irradiation method. ...The prepared various compositions of La@CuS are examined by structural characterizations, particle size and identifications of elements from XRD, TEM and EDX spectrum. The surface morphological studies are conformed by SEM and TEM images. Optical properties and characteristics peak are confirmed with UV, FTIR and Raman spectroscopic tools. In addition to that the electrochemical performances are studied using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigations. The specific capacitance is found to be 1329 F/g for 5% of La doped CuS nano spheres.
•Biopolymer encapsulated CuS and La doped CuS NPs synthesized by chemical reflux method.•La doped CuS NPs were analysed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDX techniques.•La doped CuS NPs were investigated electrochemical studies (CV, GCD and ESI) with 1 M of KOH aqueous electrolyte solution.•Cyclic life of 91% retention of capacitance after 1000 cycles was found.
