Nierembergia rivularis poisoning in cattle Schild, Carlos O.; Boabaid, Fabiana; Machado, Mizael ...
Toxicon (Oxford),
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Letnik:
204
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nierembergia rivularis causes enzootic calcinosis (EC) in sheep. In this work, we describe EC caused by N. rivularis in cattle. For 3 years cattle grazing in 7 paddocks were evaluated. Cows with ...clinical signs compatible with EC were detected in only one paddock with a morbidity of 9.4%, 24.5%, and 34.5% during the summer of 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Affected cows weighed 55 kg less (p < 0.01) than cows without signs of the same paddock, and 19.6% of these cows had hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia. Typical soft tissue calcification was observed in 3 autopsied cows. Additionally to the arterial calcification, 2 cows had multiple mineralized foci in several veins. In the Paddock A where EC occurred, the pasture contained 7–12% N. rivularis. In the other 6 paddocks (Paddocks B-G) where EC had not occurred, the pasture had 0.2–3.5% N. rivularis. Cows grazing in Paddock A had ∼30% lower pregnancy rates than cows from Paddocks B-G. At the slaughterhouse, the carcasses of 45 cows from Paddock A weighed 17.6% (p < 0.01) less than 93 carcasses of cows from Paddocks B-G. Furthermore, the carcasses of cows from Paddock A were classified as low quality. Eight cows with EC signs from Paddock A and 10 cows without EC signs from Paddocks B-G were removed to a Lolium multiflorum pasture. After 120 days of grazing, the cows from Paddock A gained 45.2% less (p < 0.01) live weight than cows from Paddocks B-G. Poisoning with N. rivularis may cause significant economic losses in Uruguay due to low fertility rates and weight gain of affected cattle.
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•Nierembergia rivularis and N. veitchii poisoning are important causes of enzootic calcinosis in sheep.•In Uruguay, N. rivularis consumption also causes enzootic calcinosis in cattle.•Affected cattle showed soft tissues mineralization.•Poisoning causes economic losses due to low fertility, poor weight gain, and low quality of the carcasses.
Abstract Introduction Seizure recurrence in the early morning is well known in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, the presence of seizures happens usually after waking up and there is a clear relationship ...with sleep as most of the seizures happen in a time frame that involves the next 30 to 120 minutes of wake time after sleep. We wanted to analyze the time frame that is most associated with seizure recurrence as that can have serious implications for safety, not to exclude driving in the morning hours. Methods We investigated on a sample of 20 patients with JME and the pattern on seizure recurrence in the morning. A time frame of wake after sleep was established as follows; the first 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, 60 to 90 minutes and more than 90 minutes. Seizure diaries were given to patients and the seizure recurrence was evaluated. A variable that included earlier waking time in the morning was also taken into account. A follow up of 6 months was given in a retrospective manner. All patients were seen in an outpatient epilepsy clinic. Results All patients were into the JME spectrum, all patients were seen at least 3 times in the follow up time, 70 percent of all cases had at least one event of seizure recurrence, 10 percent had more than 3 events. The majority of the seizures were strongly associated with a wake after sleep time of 60 to 90 minutes. The patients that had an earlier wake time that was out of the usual sleep schedule had increased chances of seizure recurrence. Conclusion Patient with JME have a very close relationship of seizure recurrence with the sleep-wake cycle. The seizure recurrence is strongly associated with a time frame of 90 minutes after waking up. We conclude that the chance of seizure recurrence is less after the 90 minute mark, and that can reasonably be a potential target as far as allowing to drive a motor vehicle passed that time for safety issues. Earlier than usual morning awakenings can precipitate seizures in a greater degree. Support (if any)
In this work, CFD simulation along with the site complete wind rose are used for the first time to estimate a key magnitude for the project development of a wind farm, the capacity factor, which is ...directly related with the energy yield. The large computational cost that restricted CFD simulation for such a task is drastically reduced by means of a novel interpolation-extrapolation methodology, requiring the simulation of only three inlet velocities for each wind rose sector. This methodology is based on the velocity at met mast and results of the reference velocity for each wind turbine from pre-simulated cases, which are then used to compute a wide range of cases not explicitly simulated. A comparative study is carried out, in which the measured capacity factor of an onshore wind farm in the Argentinean Patagonia is compared against different solution approaches. In the particular case of this wind farm, it is found that the separate effects of wakes and terrain produce errors in the opposite sense, and results very close to the measured value are achieved when both are considered. Also, the increase in the number of simulated direction sectors from 16 to 32 does not significantly change the results.
•A novel technique for estimating the capacity factor or the aggregated energy yield of a wind farm is developed.•CFD simulations accounting for wake and terrain effect and full wind roses are employed.•The number of CFD simulations are reduced to only 3 per wind sector, significantly saving computational effort.•The CF of an onshore wind farm is compared against different solutions with increasing level of description.•Results become very close to measurements when both wake and terrain are considered.
Wind turbine wake interference is a relevant phenomenon that involves speed losses and turbulence increments which greatly affect downstream turbines, and power efficiency of wind farms. To precisely ...simulate wake interaction, the most common simplified wind turbine model, the Actuator Disc (AD) model, is improved adding the capability to adapt the thrust force distribution to a non-uniform velocity field over the disc, and the orientation to different local wind directions. These situations are typically found in wind farm situation where turbines interact with wakes of upstream turbines and the terrain. This development is based on the OpenFOAM open source finite volume parallel software. The improved AD model is first validated against wind tunnel experiments. Then, an onshore wind farm case is presented, in which the complex interaction of the turbines and terrain is studied. Comparing with power efficiency of field measurements, the simulations succeed to capture the characteristic values for low and high wake impact situations, with differences of 2.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Results show that this improved AD model produces a better solution for wake interaction cases. Its usefulness to predict the wind farm power output at feasible computational cost is also evidenced.
•Distance at which upwind velocity is sampled greatly affect the resulting wake.•Avoiding remeshing for each new wind direction can save up to 25% of computing time.•Simulations succeed to capture the characteristics for low and high wake effect.•High wake effect scenarios can result in wind farm efficiency as low as 75%.•Efficiency difference of 1.3% in high wake effect with respect to measurements.
With the aim of assessing the potential impacts of wind farms on weather and regional climate, in this work an induction-aware modified version of the Wind Farm Parameterization implemented in the ...WRF model is presented. It uses the undisturbed wind speed, instead of the grid cell velocity, as reference to compute the corresponding momentum sink, source of TKE and power output. The relation between the reference and grid velocity is obtained from a previous calibration process. The modified parameterization is verified by simulating one single wind turbine, showing that the power output becomes independent of the selected horizontal resolution. Finally, the performance of the new parameterization is tested over an utility-scale wind farm. It is applied to compute the wind farm efficiency for different wind directions, under several resolutions and its results compared with former parameterizations.
The present work evaluates the benefits obtained when different levels of geometric and aerodynamic information of wind turbine blades are included in the actuator disc (AD) model, progressively ...increasing its descriptive capabilities. A novel AD model is presented, equivalent in precision to the AD coupled with the blade element momentum method, but avoiding the need to modify the CFD code by the use of a pre-calculated table. It is compared against three classical AD models, particularly aiming at the simulation of the wind farm wake interaction. The NREL-5MW reference wind turbine is adopted as test case, and configurations with single and two shifted wind turbines are analyzed.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology (CKDUE) is one of the main global causes of kidney failure. While genetic studies may identify an etiology in these patients, few studies have ...implemented genetic testing of CKDUE in population-based series of patients which was the focus of the GENSEN.
Case series.
818 patients aged ≤45 years at 51 Spanish centers with CKDUE, and either an estimated GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or treatment with maintenance dialysis or transplantation.
Genetic testing for 529 genes associated to inherited nephropathies using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic (P/LP) gene variants concordant with the inheritance pattern were detected in 203 (24.8%) patients. Variants in type IV collagen genes were the most frequent (COL4A5, COL4A4, COL4A3; 35% of total gene variants), followed by NPHP1, PAX2, UMOD, MUC1 and INF2 (7.3%, 5.9%, 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.5% respectively). Overall, 87 novel variants classified as P/LP were identified. The top 5 most common previously undiagnosed diseases were Alport syndrome spectrum (35% of total positive reports), genetic podocytopathies (19%), nephronophthisis (11%), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (7%) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT: 5%). Family history of kidney disease was reported by 191 (23.3 %) participants and by 65/203 (32.0%) patients with P/LP variants.
Missing data. Selection bias resulting from voluntary enrollment.
Genomic testing with HTS identified a genetic cause of kidney disease in approximately one quarter of young patients with CKDUE and advanced kidney disease. These findings suggest that genetic studies are a potentially useful tool for the evaluation of people with CKDUE.
Abstract
Background and Aims
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an apheresis modality that in the field of solid organ transplantation (SOT) has an indication in the treatment or prophylaxis of ...pulmonary, cardiac or hepatic graft rejection. The usefulness of ECP in renal transplantation (RTx) remains contradictory because of the few studies that evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this technique.
Method
Case series study of kidney transplant patients with histological diagnosis of rejection who have been treated with ECP during the 2013-2018 period (n = 8 patients). The technical characteristics of the ECP sessions (n = 89) were studied, including tolerance and complications in each of them.
Results
Demographic and clinical characteristics are shown in Table 1. The indication of FEC was the contraindication to conventional treatment (n = 4), mainly due to concomitant infection (50%), or refractoriness (n = 4) to the treatment prescribed in each case and it is specified in Table 1. The initial schedule was 2 consecutive weekly sessions for 5 weeks, with additional sessions depending on the evolution at the end of the first batch. The scheduled sessions could be completed in most patients (n = 5). The 3 reasons for discontinuation were the lack of response to treatment, hospital admission and thrombosis of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The improvement of graft function in terms of creatinine reduction at the end of therapy occurred among patients presenting with acute cellular rejection (ACR) (n = 4) and it remained 3 months after the end of the treatment. The only late ACR (> 3 months post-transplant) could not complete the initial programming. No graft with humoral component showed improvement in renal function. Graft loss and dialysis restart occurred in a patient with chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR). The other patient with cAMR is in a pre-dialysis situation. A total of 89 procedures were studied, all performed with the THERAKOS® CELLEX® Photopheresis System, with the administration of the methoxsalen solution (UVADEX®) and photoactivation with ultraviolet A light. Vascular access per session was the AVF (76% ) or the central vascular catheter (CVC) (24%), under no circumstances was peripheral access used. Each procedure lasted on average 112.72 +/- 13.85 minutes (range, 86-145). The volume of treatment (“buffy coat”) was 189.11 +/- 28.67 mL per session, and the total volume of fluids administered (NaCl and anticoagulation) was 559.40 +/- 41.17 mL. The complications observed during the sessions were fever (n = 2), thrombosis of the AVF (n = 1), coagulation of the extracorporeal system (n = 1) and anemization (n = 1). Interprocedure there was a case of urinary infection that conditioned hospital admission and discontinuation of therapy. One patient died of cardiovascular cause with a functioning graft 4 years after therapy.
Conclusion
The utility of the ECP seems to be in cases of cell rejection, probably related to the triggering of an immunomodulatory response of lymphocytes. It can be considered a well-tolerated and safe treatment. Special care should be taken with patients who require water restriction (infusion of 560 mL on average per session). We need more studies with a greater number of patients and a control group to be able to confirm the effectiveness and safety of PEC in RTx and to be considered a useful therapeutic tool as in other SOT.
Figure:
En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de sensibilidad de la estela que se produce detrás de los aerogeneradores ante los distintos regímenes de estabilidad presentes en la capa límite atmosférica. ...Este análisis se lleva a cabo sobre un extenso registro de mediciones en uno de los parques eólicos más grandes de Argentina emplazado sobre tierra en la región patagónica. Se analizan datos tanto del período previo a su construcción como durante su etapa productiva. El enfoque resulta novedoso al analizar la dependencia del impacto negativo de la estela sobre la producción en función de los distintos regímenes de estabilidad que se desarrollan a lo largo del día y estacionalmente. Los resultados coinciden con las tendencias reportadas por otros autores, encontrando una disminución notable de la estela, y una mejora de la producción asociada, durante condiciones inestables. El menor impacto de las estelas se registra durante el verano en las horas del medio día, donde se dan típicamente estas condiciones. Contrariamente para condiciones estables, que ocurren generalmente durante la noche, el impacto de las estelas es mayor. El comportamiento promedio en general se aproxima a la condición neutral.
A brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) was presented with lethargy, hyporexia, cough and heart murmur. The complementary tests and necropsy revealed pleuropneumonia, bacterial ...endocarditis and interventricular septal defect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of increased cardiac troponin I levels in this species.
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