Animals inheriting the slick hair gene have a short, sleek, and sometimes glossy coat. The objective of the present study was to determine whether slick-haired Holstein cows regulate body temperature ...more effectively than wild-type Holstein cows when exposed to an acute increase in heat stress. Lactating slick cows (n=10) and wild-type cows (n=10) were placed for 10h in an indoor environment with a solid roof, fans, and evaporative cooling or in an outdoor environment with shade cloth and no fans or evaporative cooling. Cows were exposed to both environments in a single reversal design. Vaginal temperature, respiration rate, surface temperature, and sweating rate were measured at 1200, 1500, 1800, and 2100h (replicate 1) or 1200 and 1500h (replicate 2), and blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol concentration. Cows in the outdoor environment had higher vaginal and surface temperatures, respiration rates, and sweating rates than cows in the indoor environment. In both environments, slick-haired cows had lower vaginal temperatures (indoor: 39.0 vs. 39.4°C; outdoor 39.6 vs. 40.2°C; SEM=0.07) and respiration rate (indoor: 67 vs. 79 breaths/min; outdoor 97 vs. 107 breaths/min; SEM=5.5) than wild-type cows and greater sweating rates in unclipped areas of skin (indoor: 57 vs. 43g.h−1/m2; outdoor 82 vs. 61g.h−1/m2; SEM=8). Clipping the hair at the site of sweating measurement eliminated the difference between slick-haired and wild-type cows. Results indicate that slick-haired Holstein cows can regulate body temperature more effectively than wild-type cows during heat stress. One reason slick-haired animals are better able to regulate body temperature is increased sweating rate.
Effective interactions in the sd shell Smirnova, N. A.; Barrett, B. R.; Kim, Y. ...
Physical review. C,
11/2019, Letnik:
100, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We perform here a quantitative study of the microscopic effective shell-model interactions in the valence sd shell, obtained from modern nucleon-nucleon potentials, chiral N3LO, JISP16 and Daejeon16, ...using No-Core Shell-Model wave functions and the Okubo-Lee-Suzuki transformation. We investigate the monopole properties of those interactions in comparison with the phenomenological universal sd-shell interaction, USDB. Theoretical binding energies and low-energy spectra of O isotopes and of selected sd-shell nuclei, are presented. We conclude that there is a noticeable improvement in the quality of the effective interaction when it is derived from the Daejeon16 potential. We show that its proton-neutron centroids are consistent with those from USDB. We then propose monopole modifications of the Daejeon16 centroids in order to provide an adjusted interaction yielding significantly improved agreement with the experiment. A spin-tensor decomposition of two-body effective interactions is applied in order to extract more information on the structure of the centroids and to understand the reason for deficiencies arising from our current theoretical approximations. The concern of the possible role of the three-nucleon forces is addressed.
Background: Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been shown to enhance myocardial recovery during reperfusion, the mechanism of which has not been clarified yet. It has been supposed that this effect of ...VAs may appear through antioxidative mechanisms.
Methods: Thirty guinea pigs were used in the study. There were three groups with 10 animals in each: I – control, II – isoflurane+oxygen and III – oxygen. Isoflurane (2.0% v/v) and oxygen (100%) mixture was given to the animals via a face mask in the isoflurane+oxygen group at the rate of 2 l per min for 30 min a day for three consecutive days. In the oxygen group, oxygen alone (100%) was given under the same conditions as in the isoflurane+oxygen group. At the end of the experiments, the animals were killed and their hearts were removed. In the heart tissues, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide (NO) pool (NO•+NO2−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured.
Results: NOS activity was found to be higher and the NO pool lower in the isoflurane+oxygen group compared with those of control and oxygen groups. In the oxygen group, MDA level was found to be higher compared to the other groups. There was, however, no significant difference between MDA levels of the control and isoflurane+oxygen groups.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that isoflurane prevents peroxidation reactions in heart tissue, possibly by scavenging toxic oxygen radicals produced under hyperoxygenation conditions as occurs with general anesthesia.
Environmental pollutants with endocrine-disrupting effect are of global importance due to their contribution to the aethiologies of variety of complex diseases. These lipophilic pollutants are ...persistent in the environment and able to bioaccummulate in nontarget organisms. BPA, DEHP and PCB118 (dioxin-like PCB) are associated with endocrine disruption effects, while information on their effects on aquatic invertebrates are limited. In the current study, the effects of these compounds, which are ubiqutous and present at low concentrations in the environment, are studied in the primary hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, intestine and gonadal cultures of narrow-clawed crayfish (
Astacus leptodactylus
Eschscholtz, 1823), a widely distributed freshwater crayfish in Turkey with high economic importance. IC50 values following MTT assay ranged 0.27–12.61 nM; when compared with other tissues, the gonads were more affected with lower IC50 values. PCB118 induced higher cytotoxicity, while DEHP was the least toxic compound. This is the first study on the primary culture of
A. leptodactylus¸
and the toxic effects of these compounds in this organism providing mechanistic insights on the responses and detoxification capacity of the organs. This study provides basis to unravel the mechanism of action of the tested EDCs in crayfish and improvement of cell culture conditions for ecotoxicity and screening assays.
Background: Epidemiology of nosocomial infections may show variability because of under-estimation of infection control measures (ICMs) in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak. Aim: To ...investigate the Acinetobacter bacteremia outbreak developed in an intensive care unit (ICU) between March 20 to May 15, 2020, examine the risk factors, and re-evaluate ICM retrospectively. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for analysis of the outbreak, ICM practices were observed by a team, and infection control interventions were undertaken. Results: Acinetobacter bacteremia developed in 17 patients (21.5%) within 79 COVID-19 patients included in the study. The mean age of the bacteremic patients was 67.3 (SD = 14.82) years, and 82.4% of them were male; of these, 15 died, leading to 88.2% mortality. The bacteremia rate was higher compared with a 14-month period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (17/79 versus 12/580 patients, respectively). PFGE revealed that the outbreak was polyclonal. On multi-variate analysis, the bacteremia development rate was 13.7 and 5.06 times higher with central venous catheter (CVC) use and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. The mortality rate was higher in bacteremic patients (p = 0.0016). It was observed that ICMs were not followed completely, especially change of gloves and hand hygiene. Contamination of A. baumannii was observed in 38% of the gloves. Conclusion: COPD and CVC use were determined as risk factors for Acinetobacter bacteremia development, and failures in ICM may have led to cross-contamination of endemic A. baumannii. The outbreak could be controlled within 3 weeks of interventions.
Environmental pollutants with endocrine-disrupting effect are of global importance due to their contribution to the aethiologies of variety of complex diseases. These lipophilic pollutants are ...persistent in the environment and able to bioaccummulate in nontarget organisms. BPA, DEHP and PCB118 (dioxin-like PCB) are associated with endocrine disruption effects, while information on their effects on aquatic invertebrates are limited. In the current study, the effects of these compounds, which are ubiqutous and present at low concentrations in the environment, are studied in the primary hepatopancreas, muscle, gill, intestine and gonadal cultures of narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), a widely distributed freshwater crayfish in Turkey with high economic importance. IC50 values following MTT assay ranged 0.27-12.61 nM; when compared with other tissues, the gonads were more affected with lower IC50 values. PCB118 induced higher cytotoxicity, while DEHP was the least toxic compound. This is the first study on the primary culture of A. leptodactylus; and the toxic effects of these compounds in this organism providing mechanistic insights on the responses and detoxification capacity of the organs. This study provides basis to unravel the mechanism of action of the tested EDCs in crayfish and improvement of cell culture conditions for ecotoxicity and screening assays.
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