The aim of the research is to investigate the ways in which various structural systems and time influence the cost of construction of RC structures of residential buildings, and to identify and ...quantify key parameters that are of highest significance in this respect. The data taken from the database of completed projects are analysed using the leave-one-out-cross-validation and regression analysis. Limit numerical values confirmed by the redesign of two structures from the database are identified as key parameters. These values define in quantitative terms the rationality of the design solution and the rationality of construction work scheduling. They can also be used in practice in order to optimise the cost and time of construction work on residential buildings.
Cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje utjecaja vrste konstrukcijskog sustava i trajanje na troškove građenja AB konstrukcije stambenih objekata, kao i identifikacija i kvantifikacija ključnih parametara ...koji na to najviše utječu. Podaci iz baze dovršenih projekata ocijenjeni su primjenom jednostrukog unakrsnog ocjenjivanja i regresijske analize. Za ključne parametre identificirane su granične numeričke vrijednosti koje su potvrđene preprojektiranjem dvaju objekata iz baze. Te vrijednosti na kvantificiran način definiraju racionalnost projektantskog rješenja kao i racionalnost planiranja organizacije građenja. Mogu se primijeniti i u praksi s ciljem racionaliziranja troškova i trajanja građenja stambenih objekata.
The relationship between the quality of finishing works, costs, market value, and profit, is presented and explained for residential buildings. The results show that the higher quality of finishing ...works increases profit for investors. As the maximum market price is limited, there is a limit when the investment in finishing work is no longer cost-effective as, after increase in costs, the market value decreases and the profit reduces. The research methodology presented in the paper can be applied to any residential real estate market.
U radu je prikazan i objašnjen odnos između kvalitete završnih radova, troškova, tržišne vrijednosti i dobiti za stambene zgrade. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da veća kvaliteta završnih radova ...osigurava i veću dobit investitorima. S obzirom na to da je maksimalna tržišna cijena ograničena, postoji granica ekonomske isplativosti ulaganja u završne radove jer nakon povećanja troškova tržišna vrijednost opada i dobit se smanjuje. Prikazana metodologija istraživanja se može primijeniti na bilo koje tržište stambenih nekretnina.
Nuestro objetivo en este documento de trabajo es revisar los diferentes tipos de efectos que causan las promociones de ventas en la decisión de compra de los consumidores.Revisamos el marco ...conceptual general de las promociones de ventas y resaltamos los principales hallazgos y limitaciones encontradas a través de diversos estudios. Esta revisión concluye con el planteamiento de ciertos conceptos con respecto a los efectos de las promociones de ventas sobre los consumidores, los cuales deberán ser contrastados por medio de futuras investigaciones.
In this work, a simple way for study the possibility of formation a vapor cluster species of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl
4
), using the laser ablation in the absence of a buffer or reactive ...atmosphere, and without a postablation supersonic expansion on a commercial matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, is reported. Tetrachloroauric acid is known as precursor for the synthesis of gold nanostructures and the complex salts; therefore it is an important task to discover and quantify the species arising from HAuCl
4
, in order to understand their role in the gold assisted reactions. Mass spectrum of HAuCl
4
in a reflector negative-ion mode contains the hydrated mono- and dinuclear gold clusters in the
m/z
range 286–436, and gold chloride clusters in the
m/z
range 447–795. In the first part of spectrum,
m/z
range 286–436, the hydrated gold cluster species of type Au
n
−
(H
2
O)
m
(n = 1–2; m = 1, 2, 5, 7, 8) and Au
n
(OH)
k
−
(H
2
O)
m
(n = 1–2; k = 1–2; m = 1, 4–8) were found. Besides that, there are gold chloride clusters with general formula AuH
r
(HCl)
2
−
(H
2
O)
m
(m = 1–5; 8–9; r = 0–2) in this part of spectrum. In the second part of spectrum, the
m/z
range 447–795, only gold chloride clusters were obtained. Their general formulae can be written as AuCl
t
(HCl)
v
−
(H
2
O)
m
(t = 1–4; v = 5–8; m = 2–4, 6–8) and Au
n
(HCl)
v
−
(H
2
O)
m
(n = 1–2, v = 4–5, m = 1–2, 5, 7). The analysis of concentration effects on the LDI mass spectra of gold clusters reveals that the relative intensities of signals for the mono- and dinuclear Au clusters increase with decreasing the concentration of water HAuCl
4
solutions.
Acute intestinal obstruction is a complex pathological condition which is in 90% of the cases caused by colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, despite the advances in diagnostics, in 20% of patients ...with this cancer the diagnosis is made on the operating table during the emergency surgery for acute obstruction of the colon. Mortality in emergency operations is 15-20%, while the morbidity is reported in 40-50% of the cases. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute intestinal obstruction caused by CRC, the localization of obstruction and types of applied surgical procedures. A prospective clinical study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Clinical Center Niš and included patients treated for acute intestinal obstruction caused by colorectal cancer, in the period from 2011 to 2014. Due to acute intestinal obstruction caused by CRC, a total of 129 patients underwent surgery. The mean age of treated patients was 60.2 years, the youngest patient was 42, and the oldest one was 80 years old. The largest number of patients was in T3 stage. Obstructive cancer was localized in the right colon in 34 (26.35%) patients, in the left colon in 53 (41.08 %) patients, and in the rectum in 42 (32.55%) patients. Total colectomy was performed in 2 (1.55%) patients, subtotal colectomy in 4 (3.1%) patients, right hemicolectomy was performed in 16 (12.40%) patients, left hemicolectomy in 6 (4.65%) patients, Hartmann's procedure in 29 (22.48%) patients, ileotransverse anastomosis in 11 (8.52%) patients, ileo-sigmoid anastomosis in 4 (3.10) patients, Miles’ procedure in 3 (2.32%) patients , ileostomy in 2 (1.55%) patients, colostomy in 47 (36.43%) patients, and resection of the sigmoid colon in 5 (3.87%) patients. Out of 129 patients operated for acute intestinal obstruction due to CRC, 25 patients died, representing the morbidity rate of 35.65%, and the mortality rate of 19.37 %. The final decision on the type of surgical procedure is made on the basis of surgical findings, general condition of patients, and experience of the surgeon. Each of these surgical procedures in the treatment of CRC has its advantages, disadvantages and indication areas.
Background/Aims: Energy homeostasis is a balance between energy intake and
energy expenditure. Leptin and ghrelin are two orexitropic hormones with
opposite effect on energy homeostasis. We ...investigated fasting ghrelin and
leptin levels in children with different nutritional conditions. Methods:
In 30 obese children of both sexes, aged from 6 to 17.67 years (mean 13.04
?2.95), fasting ghrelin and leptin levels were measured, along with
auxological assessment and pubertal staging. These results were analyzed and
compared with the same parameters of 33 lean and 25 undernourished (UN)
children. Results: Mean ghrelin/BM (body mass) level was the lowest in
obese children, (21,75?12,60 pg/ml/kg) with high significance in comparison
with lean and UN subjets. Mean leptin/kg level of 56.12?96.94 in obese, was
significantly higher than in lean and UN children (p<0.01 and p<0.001
respectively). Ghrelin and leptin levels showed different profiles in obese,
lean and UN children. An inverse relationship was discovered between study
groups in ghrelin/leptin and leptin/ghrelin ratios. Conclusion: Obese
children, compared to other children, demonstrate significantly higher
values of leptin, and UN children demonstrate significantly higher values of
ghrelin per kilogram of body weight. The results also illustrate the inverse
ratio of ghrelin and leptin, which has been demonstrated as a clinically
reliable indicant of the status of obesity or undernutrition in children,
with significant implications concerning rather large variations in the
concentration of these hormones not only with body mass, but also with age
of the children.
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