Driven by tidal forcing and terrestrial inputs, suspended particulate matter (SPM) in shallow coastal waters usually shows high-frequency dynamics. Although specific geostationary satellite ocean ...color sensors such as the geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI) can observe SPM hourly eight times in a day from morning to afternoon, it cannot cover the whole semi-diurnal tidal period (∼12 h), and an hourly frequency may be insufficient to witness rapid changes in SPM in highly dynamic coastal waters. In this study, taking the Yangtze River Estuary as an example, we examined the ability of the geostationary meteorological satellite sensor AHI/Himawari-8 to monitor tidal period SPM dynamics with 10-min frequency. Results showed that the normalized water-leaving radiance (Lwn) retrieved by the AHI was consistent with the in-situ data from both cruise- and tower-based measurements. Specifically, AHI-retrieved Lwn was consistent with the in-situ cruise values, with mean relative errors (MREs) of 19.58%, 16.43%, 18.74%, and 26.64% for the 460, 510, 640, and 860 nm bands, respectively, and determination coefficients (R 2 ) larger than 0.89. Both AHI-retrieved and tower-measured Lwn also showed good agreement, with R 2 values larger than 0.75 and MERs of 14.38%, 12.42%, 18.16%, and 18.89% for 460, 510, 640, and 860 nm, respectively. Moreover, AHI-retrieved Lwn values were consistent with the GOCI hourly results in both magnitude and spatial distribution patterns, indicating that the AHI can monitor ocean color in coastal waters, despite not being a dedicated ocean color sensor. Compared to the 8 h of SPM observations by the GOCI, the AHI was able to monitor SPM dynamics for up to 12 h from early morning to late afternoon covering the whole semi-diurnal tidal period. In addition, the high-frequency 10-min monitoring by the AHI revealed the minute-level dynamics of SPM in the Yangtze River Estuary (with SPM variation amplitude found to double over 1 h), which were impossible to capture based on the hourly GOCI observations.
This paper presents two linear cutting plane algorithms that refine existing methods for solving disjoint bilinear programs. The main idea is to avoid constructing (expensive) disjunctive facial cuts ...and to accelerate convergence through a tighter bounding scheme. These linear programming based cutting plane methods search the extreme points and cut off each one found until an exhaustive process concludes that the global minimizer is in hand. In this paper, a lower bounding step is proposed that serves to effectively fathom the remaining feasible region as not containing a global solution, thereby accelerating convergence. This is accomplished by minimizing the convex envelope of the bilinear objective over the feasible region remaining after introduction of cuts. Computational experiments demonstrate that augmenting existing methods by this simple linear programming step is surprisingly effective at identifying global solutions early by recognizing that the remaining region cannot contain an optimal solution. Numerical results for test problems from both the literature and an application area are reported. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Due to the development of the social economy and population density pressure, coastal reclamation activities have rapidly increased throughout coastal regions in China and have had a significant ...negative impact on fish habitat fragmentation (especially on the habitat of the early life history stage of fish, ELHSF). However, few studies have focused on the negative ecological impacts of reclamation patches on ELHSF habitats (such as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds). Data on marine reclamation were extracted from 49 Landsat remote sensing images from 7 different periods from 1985 to 2015, and ichthyoplankton data from 1982 to 2014 were compiled. The trend of fragmentation showed that the number of artificial heterogeneous patches significantly increased, and the isolation of habitat landscape became more intense. As a result, the spatial patterns of ichthyoplankton habitat rapidly transformed from a continuous and integral distribution to a divided and fragmented distribution, which drastically changed numerous environmental factors and deeply reshaped normal fish recruitment activities by impacting the number and abundance of ELHSF.
•Reclamation projects will be discussed by using landscape ecology fragmentation indicators in the coastal wetland.•Reclamation activities will directly lead to a decline in fish habitat and deeply reshape ecological connectivity, ultimately leading to the disappearance of the original habitat.
Extraction and analysis of the shoreline and land reclamation patterns are important for studies on topics such as the dynamics of coastal wetland ecological environments, transportation and exchange ...of material energy in coastal regions, and recruitment of fishery resources. Spatial-temporal variations in the shoreline and land reclamation in the Bohai Sea were analyzed based on 49 Landsat images of 7 periods from 1985 to 2015. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) The extracted shoreline data based on visual interpretation had high precision, and the shoreline extraction errors could be controlled within the theoretical range. (2) Over the past 30 years, the shoreline of the Bohai Sea has exhibited an average rate of change of 188.47 m/a and an average accretion distance of 3.55×10
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m toward the sea. The fastest rate of shoreline change occurred in Laizhou Bay (134.78 m/a), followed by Bohai Bay (128.20 m/a) and Liaodong Bay (61.69 m/a). (3) The average rate of reclamation was 3.25×10
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ha/a in the Bohai Sea, where the total area of aquaculture land, unused land, and salt land exceeded 60% of the total reclamation area. (4) The geometric shape of the bay became increasingly complicated from year to year, and the geometric center of gravity of the bay moved rapidly toward the sea. In addition, the area of the bay showed a significant decreasing trend. Therefore, to protect the function and structure of the ecosystem in coastal regions, we must control the scale and rate of land reclamation in the future.
Against the background of climate warming, marine heatwaves (MHWs) and terrestrial drought events have become increasingly frequent in recent decades. However, the combined effects of MHWs and ...terrestrial drought on COsub.2 uptake in marginal seas are still unclear. The East China Sea (ECS) experienced an intense and long-lasting MHW accompanied by an extreme terrestrial drought in the Changjiang basin in the summer of 2022. In this study, we employed multi-source satellite remote sensing products to reveal the patterns, magnitude, and potential drivers of COsub.2 flux changes in the ECS resulting from the compounding MHW and terrestrial drought extremes. The COsub.2 uptake of the ECS reduced by 17.0% (1.06 Tg C) in the latter half of 2022 and the Changjiang River plume region shifted from a COsub.2 sink to a source (releasing 0.11 Tg C) in July-September. In the majority of the ECS, the positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly during the MHW diminished the solubility of COsub.2 in seawater, thereby reducing COsub.2 uptake. Moreover, the reduction in nutrient input associated with terrestrial drought, which is unfavorable to phytoplankton growth, further reduced the capacity of COsub.2 uptake. Meanwhile, the COsub.2 sink doubled for the offshore waters of the ECS continental shelf in July-September 2022, indicating the complexity and heterogeneity of the impacts of extreme climatic events in marginal seas. This study is of great significance in improving the estimation results of COsub.2 fluxes in marginal seas and understanding sea–air COsub.2 exchanges against the background of global climate change.
ETS variant 4 (ETV4), together with ETV1 and ETV5, constitute the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors, which are implicated in the progression of many cancers. However, the clinicopathologic ...significance and molecular events regulated by ETV4 in lung cancer are still poorly understood, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Here, we aimed to identify functional targets involved in ETV4‐driven lung tumorigenesis. Microarray analysis and validation data revealed that ETV4 was the most preponderant PEA3 factor, which was significantly related to the advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs; all P < .001). Reduced ETV4 expression suppressed the growth and metastasis of NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro. Microarray, gain, or loss of function and luciferase report assays revealed the direct regulatory effect of ETV4 on the expression of focal adhesion gene PXN and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and PXN and/or MMP1 inhibition partially abolished cell proliferation and migration induced by ETV4. Kaplan‐Meier analysis indicated that ETV4 and PXN or MMP1 co‐overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human NSCLCs. In conclusion, the ETV4‐PXN and ETV4‐MMP1 axes are useful biomarkers of tumor progression and worse outcomes in NSCLCs.
The prognostic value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention remains uncertain. We ...examine the association of the CHA2DS2-VASc score and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in this population and compared its risk prediction with 2 other commonly used risk scores (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events GRACE and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction TIMI). A total of 3,745 consecutive ACS patients without AF who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention during 2013 to 2017 were classified into 4 groups according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score: low (0 to 1), moderate (2 to 3), high (4 to 5), and very high (>5). Incidences of MACE including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke in-hospital and during a median follow-up of 33 months were compared among the 4 groups. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated to compare CHA2DS2-VASc with GRACE and TIMI for risk prediction. The incidences of in-hospital MACE (3.5%, 6.6%, 7.6%, and 9.1%, p <0.001) and mid-term follow-up MACE (4.5%, 7.1%, 13.1%, and 16.1%, p <0.001) were significantly higher as the CHA2DS2-VASc score increased. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent predictor of subsequent MACE (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.39, p <0.001), and the very high-risk score group showed 3.8-fold increased risk of MACE than the low-risk score group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the CHA2DS2-VASc score was comparable to the GRACE score and to TIMI-STEMI, but, better than the TIMI-NSTEMI/unstable angina pectoris score in terms of predicting MACE. In conclusion, higher CHA2DS2-VASc score was independently associated with increased risk of MACE in the ACS patients without AF who underwent PCI.
Strict control measures under the COVID epidemic have brought an inevitable impact on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)’s emergency treatment. We investigated the impact of the COVID ...on the treatment of patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.
In this single center cohort study, we selected a time frame of 6 month after declaration of COVID-19 infection (Jan 24-July 24, 2020); a group of STEMI patients in the same period of 2019 was used as control. Finally, a total of 246 STEMI patients, who were underwent primary PCI, were enrolled into the study (136 non COVID-19 outbreak periods and 110 COVID-19 outbreak periods). The impact of COVID on the time of symptom onset to the first medical contact (symptom-to-FMC) and door to balloon (D-to-B) was investigated. Moreover, the primary outcome was in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, heart failure and malignant arrhythmia.
Compared with the same period in 2019, there was a 19% decrease in the total number of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at the peak of the pandemic in 2020. The delay in symptom-to-FMC was significantly longer in COVID Outbreak period (180 68.75, 342 vs 120 60,240 min, P = 0.003), and the D-to-B times increased significantly (148 115–190 vs 84 70–120 min, P < 0.001). However, among patients with STEMI, MACE was similar in both time periods (18.3% vs 25.7%, p = 0.168). On multivariable analysis, COVID was not independently associated with MACE; the history of diabetes, left main disease and age>65 years were the strongest predictors of MACE in the overall population.
The COVID pandemic was not independently associated with MACE; suggesting that active primary PCI treatment preserved high-quality standards even when challenged by a severe epidemic.
Clinical trial registration: URL: https://ClinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT04427735.
Aim : In acute myocardial fraction (AMI) patients, the association between lipid parameters and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) remains unclear due to limited evidence. Methods : A total of 4282 ...participants free from atrial fibrillation (AF) at baseline were identified in Beijing Friendship Hospital. Fasting levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured at baseline. The study population was stratified based on tertiles of lipid profile and lipid ratios. Incidence of NOAF was observed at the follow-up visits. The associations between different lipid parameters and the incidence of NOAF were assessed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results : Over a median follow-up period of 42.0 months (IQR : 18.7, 67.3 months), 3.1% (N=132) AMI patients developed NOAF. After multivariable adjustment, higher TC (hazard ratios (HR) : 0.205, 95% confidence intervals (CI) : 0.061-0.696) levels were inversely associated with NOAF development. However, higher HDL-C (HR : 1.892, 95% CI : 1.133-3.159) levels were positively associated with NOAF development. LDL-C levels, TG levels, non-HDL-C levels, and lipid ratios showed no association with NOAF development. Conclusion : TC levels were inversely associated with incidence of NOAF ; this was mainly reflected in the subgroups of male gender and older patients (65 years or older). HDL-C levels were positively associated with incidence of NOAF; this was mainly reflected in the subgroups of male gender and younger patients (age <65 years). There was no significant association of NOAF with LDL-C, TG, or non-HDL-C levels.
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