Pilot programs of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against
may rely on importing significant and consistent numbers of high-quality sterile males from a distant mass rearing factory. As such, ...long-distance mass transport of sterile males may contribute to meet this requirement if their survival and quality are not compromised. This study therefore aimed to develop and assess a novel method for long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes from the laboratory to the field. Different types of mosquito compaction boxes in addition to a simulation of the transport of marked and unmarked sterile males were assessed in terms of survival rates/recovery rates, flight ability and morphological damage to the mosquitoes. The novel mass transport protocol allowed long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes for up to four days with a nonsignificant impact on survival (>90% for 48 h of transport and between 50 and 70% for 96 h depending on the type of mosquito compaction box), flight ability, and damage. In addition, a one-day recovery period for transported mosquitoes post-transport increased the escaping ability of sterile males by more than 20%. This novel system for the long-distance mass transport of mosquitoes may therefore be used to ship sterile males worldwide for journeys of two to four days. This study demonstrated that the protocol can be used for the standard mass transport of marked or unmarked chilled
mosquitoes required for the SIT or other related genetic control programs.
In the implementation of mosquito control strategy programs using Sterile Insect Technique and other rear and release strategies, knowledge on the dispersion, competitiveness and survival of ...mosquitos is considered essential. To assess these parameters, marking techniques are generally used to differentiate colony mosquitoes from wild ones. Most of the existing mosquito marking methods require numerous manipulations that can impact their quality. In this study, we have developed a self-marking technique that can reduce the damage associated with mosquito handling. The marking technique consisted of adding fluorescent powder (DayGlo: A-17-N Saturn yellow) directly to the surface water of the receptacle containing Aedes aegypti male pupae. Different quantities of powder were used, and marking efficacy, powder persistence and mosquito survival were assessed. The results show a mean marking rate of 98 ± 1.61%, and the probability of marking increased significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing concentrations of fluorescent powder. Fluorescent powder persisted up to 20 days and did not induce a negative effect on mosquito survival (χ2 = 5.3, df = 7, p = 0.63). In addition, powder transfer did not occur between marked and unmarked populations. This marking method significantly reduces human intervention and mosquito handling during the marking process, improving the quality of marked mosquitoes used to assess SIT programs.
Crop losses in vegetable crops due to nematodes are a concern in a country like Senegal where food demand is increasingly high. The use of chemical pesticides has made great progress in increasing ...harvests in Senegal. But these pesticides have negative effects on the environment and on human health. Crops are often contaminated as well as groundwater. The use of natural products to remedy this phenomenon is very important, especially in areas such as the Niayes zone where the climate and soil are very favorable for market gardening and where water contamination is very sensitive. The aim of our study is to identify the plants used to control nematodes in the Niayes area of Thiès. To this end, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey of 100 people of different ages and sexes in this area. The results showed 17 plant species used to control nematodes in 12 families. Among these species, the most cited were Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Juss, Calotropis procera (Ait.) F. and Cassia Occidentalis L. Leaves (71%) are mostly used. The sample is often dried and ground (45%) or fresh (case of hydrodistillation) (53%) before preparation. Water (92%) is the most used solvent for extraction. Maceration (85%) and infusion are the most common preparation methods. The application of these preparations by systemic action (94%) is more adopted than fumigation. Local people find these preparations rather effective (78%), which is very encouraging. The present study constitutes a database for further studies in the field of Senegalese pharmacopeia. In addition, scientific research on bionematicidal substances may be conducted in the future to evaluate the effectiveness of these plants identified in the Niayes area of Thiès for the protection of vegetable crops against nematodes.
•We boosted the efficacy of BG-Sentinel trap with mice to catch Aedes aegypti in Senegal.•Daily activity rhythm of Aedes aegypti populations were investigated taking into account seasons in a ...peri-urban area of Senegal.•BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-Lure and three mice were more efficient to collect Aedes aegypti populations.•Daily activity of Aedes aegypti was bimodal depending on environmental parameters.
The use of efficient mosquito sampling methods in vector surveillance programs is crucial to inform control actions and prevent outbreaks. amongst existing trapping methods, the BG sentinel trap is widely used for collecting mosquitoes from the subgenus Stegomyia. However, studies state that the BG-sentinel trap underestimates the relative abundance of mosquito vectors. In this study, we used mice to enhance the effectiveness of the BG-sentinel trap to collect Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and follow the species’ daily abundance under local conditions. The Latin square method was used to compare different combinations in three different seasons. Of the 35,107 mosquitoes collected, Ae. aegypti (53.82%) and Culex quinquefasciatus (46.07%) were dominant. The combination of BG-Lure + 3 mice captured more Ae. aegypti individuals (apparent density per trap/day (ADT = 187.65 ± 133.53; p < 0.001) followed by the 3 mice-baited BG-sentinel trap (ADT = 163.47 ± 117.32), the BG-sentinel trap without attractant (ADT = 74.15 ± 117.07) and the BG-sentinel trap + BG-Lure (ADT = 47.1 ± 115.91). Aedes aegypti showed two peaks of activity in the day, one following the sunrise and one before the sunset, influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Our study suggests the use of mice to enhance the efficiency of the BG-Sentinel trap to catch Ae. aegypti. However, its application in large scale entomological monitoring programs should be difficult because of ethical and operational constraints.
Pilot sites of the sterile insect technique (SIT) may not be close to the rearing facility and so the outsourcing of sterile males may be needed. This study, therefore, aimed to develop and assess a ...novel method for long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes from the laboratory to the field. In addition, a simulated transport of marked and unmarked sterile males was assessed in terms of survival rates/recovery rates, flight ability and damage to the mosquitoes. The novel mass transport protocol allowed a long-distance shipment of 50,000 sterile male mosquitoes for up to four days without a significant impact on the above-mentioned parameters. In addition, a one-day recovery period for transported mosquitoes post-transport increased their ability to fly. This novel system for long-distance mass transport of mosquitoes may therefore be used to ship sterile males worldwide for journeys of two to four days. Pilot programs of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against Aedes aegypti may rely on importing significant and consistent numbers of high-quality sterile males from a distant mass rearing factory. As such, long-distance mass transport of sterile males may contribute to meet this requirement if their survival and quality are not compromised. This study therefore aimed to develop and assess a novel method for long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes from the laboratory to the field. Different types of mosquito compaction boxes in addition to a simulation of the transport of marked and unmarked sterile males were assessed in terms of survival rates/recovery rates, flight ability and morphological damage to the mosquitoes. The novel mass transport protocol allowed long-distance shipments of sterile male mosquitoes for up to four days with a nonsignificant impact on survival (>90% for 48 h of transport and between 50 and 70% for 96 h depending on the type of mosquito compaction box), flight ability, and damage. In addition, a one-day recovery period for transported mosquitoes post-transport increased the escaping ability of sterile males by more than 20%. This novel system for the long-distance mass transport of mosquitoes may therefore be used to ship sterile males worldwide for journeys of two to four days. This study demonstrated that the protocol can be used for the standard mass transport of marked or unmarked chilled Aedes mosquitoes required for the SIT or other related genetic control programs.
Large-scale malaria control activities in China have been conducted with significant success, since the launch of the nationwide malaria control program. This study investigated the malaria ...distribution in China, particularly in provinces with high risks. Spatial and temporal data were assembled for all endemic or historically endemic areas and combined to identify common patterns and to investigate the actual changes in the burden of malaria in the country. Data were analyzed and the progress in malaria elimination feasibility was discussed. The results indicated that the current distribution of malaria and vectors associated could provide evidence on the assessment of the feasibility of the malaria elimination in China.
Objective: to evaluate the characteristics of esophageal motility in Chinese patients with typical symptoms of GERD, heartburn/regurgitation, underwent Upper endoscopy were divided into two ...subgroups: Erosive esophagitis,(RE) and nonErosive reflux disease(NERD) Compare with healthy controls volunteers.
Anogeissus leiocarpus is a plant in the Combretaceae family. Its various parts are used in a wide range of fields, including ecology, economics and health. Bacteria are a real public health problem ...because of their involvement in many diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most important problems in the fight against infectious diseases worldwide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of dichloromethane total alkaloid extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves and bark. Firstly, total alkaloids were extracted from the leaves and roots using the alkaline extraction method. The results showed a low extraction rate. They also showed that the leaves were richer in alkaloids than the barks. The total alkaloids were then revealed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) after spraying with Dragendorff's reagent, which gives orange-red spots characteristic of alkaloids. Finally, antibacterial tests of the total alkaloid extracts were carried out on two strains, Staphylococcus aureus "Gram +" and Escherichia coli "Gram -". The results of the antibacterial parameters such as MIC, CMB and PA showed that the extracts from the leaves and roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus had a bacteriostatic effect on the strains tested.
The present study involved extracting total alkaloids from the leaves and roots of Guiera senegalensis, a plant widely used in traditional Senegalese medicine. The results showed a low extraction ...rate. A phytochemical screening of these alkaloid extracts was carried out and the results showed the presence of alkaloids and a total absence of other chemical groups, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins and gall tannins. Finally, antibacterial activity tests of alkaloid extracts from Guiera senegalensis leaves and roots were carried out on two pathogenic bacterial strains, namely "Gram +"Staphylococcus aureus and "Gram -" Escherichia coli. The results showed an antibacterial effect of the leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a lower antibacterial power 4. The root alkaloid extract showed an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus with an even lower antibacterial potency 4. On the other hand, the root extract showed a bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli with an antibacterial potency greater than 4.
PDF
