The binomial distribution is often used in modeling, including in applied climatology, when assessing the likelihood of adverse or dangerous climate-related impacts. The article outlines an algebraic ...algorithm for obtaining such estimates based on climate monitoring data or modeling data. Using only algebraic operations in calculations minimizes calculation time, which is important when performing detailed global assessments. As an example of such a calculation, the result of an assessment of the global climatic range of a dangerous insect pest of forest and garden trees and shrubs, the gypsy moth, is given.
The Mediterranean fruit fly is a significant agroclimatic threat to the fruit production. It can damage up to 80–100% of fruits on 45–78% of agricultural land in some countries. The modern climatic ...range of the pest is analyzed in the present paper using computational data generated by the Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory regional climate model and the global climate model of Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics. The species requirements for climate conditions are: the sum of active temperatures (a threshold is 10°C) above 2700°C; monthly mean temperatures for December–February are positive; monthly precipitation totals in December–February exceed 13 mm. In Russia, such conditions are observed on the Black Sea coast and in a small part of the southern Caspian lowland. The assessment of changes in the climatic range of the pest in 2050–2059 versus 1990–1999 under the RCP8.5 scenario showed the expansion of the climatically suitable territory. The territory will almost completely include such traditional fruit growing regions as the Krasnodar krai, the Republic of Crimea, and the Republic of Adygea. Strict quarantine measures and early resource allocation that quickly suppresses infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly may be proposed as adaptation measures.
This paper provides information on the geological and geophysical studies of the structure of the Charlie Gibbs megatransform system in the North Atlantic on cruise 50 of R/V
Akademik Nikolaj ...Strakhov
in September–October 2020. The preliminary results of the expedition are discussed.
The structure of the ocean floor and the composition of basalts and dolerites of the MAR segment between the Maxwell and Charlie Gibbs FZs (North Atlantic) were studied based on the data obtained ...during the 53rd cruise of the R/V
Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov
organized and performed by the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the period of July 7–August 15, 2022. In this segment, areas of greater and lesser magmatic productivity, which correspond to higher and lower bottom relief, alternate along the spreading axis. In high-relief areas, spreading cells form in the axial zone, and rises of tectonic and volcanic genesis dominate in the crest zone. In low-relief areas, the rift valley consists of deep rift basins; low ridges are developed on the flanks, which are separated by wide depressions. Oceanic N- and T-type tholeiites and E-MORB-type basalts and dolerites are distinguished among the studied volcanics. The N-tholeiites are widespread and were derived from mainly depleted mantle (source of DM). E-MORB-type basalts and dolerites are found in high-relief areas. Their mantle substrate is formed by a mixture of DM and EM-2 material with the subordinate role of HIMU. T-MORB volcanics are mainly localized on large volcanic rises in the southern part of the studied MAR segment and were melted from a substrate formed by a mixture of DM and HIMU material with the subordinate role of EM-2. Two types of mantle inhomogeneities involved in melting are reconstructed: passive and active. The former are represented by blocks of the transformed continental lithosphere that are similar in composition to the EM-2 mantle source. Active inhomogeneities associate with the uplift near Maxwell FZ of the microplume of the enriched mantle with a composition close to HIMU and with its subaxial flow in the north direction up to the Charlie Gibbs FZ.
This paper is based on geological and geophysical data obtained during the 53th expedition of the R/V
Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov
. We analyze the structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge segment, 400 km ...long, in the North Atlantic (between 48° N and 51.5° N). According to our studies, this segment is characterized by specific structures formed during the formation of the oceanic crust with a reduced supply of basaltic melts. This factor leads to tectonic outcropping of deep and mantle rocks of the lower crust during the continuous extension in the rift valley. These processes, called “dry” spreading, were previously unknown in the North Atlantic.
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The article provides information on geological and geophysical studies of the structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Charlie Gibbs and Maxwell transform faults in the North Atlantic during ...cruise 53 of the R/V
Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov
, July–August 2022. The preliminary results are discussed.
The geological structure of a large volcanic edifice in the eastern flank of the large Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone in the region of the Eastern Thule submarine rise (North Atlantic) is discussed. It ...is shown that the volcanic edifice was formed near the axial zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the interval of 64–67 Ma ago. Subsequently, its summit part was destroyed by wave abrasion, and then it sank along with the oceanic part of the plate to 2500 m deep. It was concluded that volcanism in the Rockall Rift Basin affected the region further to the south, which was already an oceanic basin and was separated from the rift basin with the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone.
The motion of microparticles interacting with a free molecular gas flow escaping from an orifice has been numerically simulated with allowance for asymptotic properties of the flow. Specific features ...of collective properties of the ensemble of microparticles and the evolution of uncertainty in the initial conditions of a separate particle are considered.
The steppe marmot disappeared from the modern Penza region at the end of the 19th century. The history of the disappearance of the marmot and the results of its reintroduction in 1985–1989 are ...considered in the article. The characteristics of the modern state of the marmot settlements that formed as a result of the reintroduction are given.
