The processing of the primary transcript of the murine T cell receptor c beta region can result in two distinct forms of protein. The optional exon, C beta O, is appended at the 5' end of the ...constant region and to date has been observed at low frequencies in cDNA clones from heterogeneous populations of T lymphocyte. Because individual cell lines were not analyzed in those studies, it was not known whether small numbers of T lymphocytes use the C beta O exon exclusively or instead most T-lymphocytes use the C beta O exon but at low levels. We have determined that our CTL clone, B6.cl 4, produces both C beta O+ and C beta O- functional RNA transcripts. To determine the C beta O usage in this CTL clone, we coupled cDNA synthesis with the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotides corresponding to sequences at the V beta 14 region and sequences corresponding to C beta O or C beta 1. The data indicate that B6.cl 4 CTL clone is able to use either splice site but uses the C beta O exon at a frequency of approximately 2-3%.
We assessed the acceptability and the use of a community-based needle and syringe disposal project designed to serve injection drug users. In June 1996, three surplus U.S. mail collection boxes were ...painted red and used as syringe and needle drop boxes in locations with high drug use in East Baltimore. Acceptance of the drop boxes was measured by focus groups of residents, drug users, and police, held before and after project implementation. Use was measured by weekly counts of needles recovered from the red boxes. A sample of all deposited needles was randomly chosen for needle washing and subsequent HIV antibody testing. Community impact was measured by systematic surveys of needles discarded on public sidewalks, in areas with and areas without drop boxes. Before implementation, members of focus groups expressed concerns that drop boxes could convey mixed messages to youth (e.g., seeming to condone drug use), might result in increased loitering, and could further community stigmatization. After project implementation, all focus groups expressed support of project expansion. In the first 10 months, 2971 needles were collected. Of 156 needles tested, 10.9% were positive for HIV antibody. Needle counts on the street showed no significant change in red box areas compared with control areas. In this pilot project, red boxes were accepted by the community and drug users. Police officers also used the boxes to dispose of confiscated needles. Although limited in the number of drop boxes and follow-up time, this pilot project shows promise as a community-based method of safe needle disposal.
Bond prices changed little on Aug 28, 1995 as investors and traders bided time ahead of key economic releases. The price of the 30-year Treasury bond was up less than 1/8 point at 102 7/32, while its ...yield stood unchanged at 6.70%.
The Treasury market regained some lost ground on Aug 14, 1995. The price of the benchmark 30-year Treasury bond rose about 3/8 of a point to 98 31/32, pushing the yield down to 6.95% from 6.98% on ...Aug 11.
Structural supply-chain issues, rising interest rates, and sustainability challenges are just a few conditions that have become the new norm and hold critical implications for business models. ...our ...research;and experience show that companies tend to fall behind if they focus solely on avoiding the downside. Since the start of the Great Recession in 2008, North American and European companies that controlled operating costs while also prioritizing revenue growth have delivered far more value to shareholders than their industry peers (Exhibit 1). Take beer: the carbon dioxide used for carbonation is a byproduct of ammonia production, an energy-intensive process employed mostly in the manufacture of fertilizer. ...when a consumer packaged goods company found itself falling short of its growth and margin targets but lacked capital to invest in new offerings, a cross-functional team built road maps for both immediate and longer-term product offerings.
