Ia skopa ugotovitev je potrebna vsaj beinega pojasnila. Slavistika je kmalu po zacetku 19. stoletja pa tja do njegove druge polovice zagovarjala trditev, da so se juzni Slovani naselili na Balkan v ...dveh valovih. Prvi, ki se je s presledki razprostiral od Crnega rnorja do Panonije in vzhodnih Alp, je bil etnieno in jezikovno soroden in je ohranil prvotno skupno irne Slovani. V vrnesni prostor je posegel drugi val, ki so ga sestavljali etnicno nekoliko drugacni Srbi in Hrvati. Iakemu pogledu na etnogenezo juznih Slovanov se je pridruzila karantansko-panonska teorija 0 izvoru starocerkvenoslovansCine, na katerije terneljilo preprieanje, da sta starocerkvenoslovansCina in slovensCina v kar najtesnejsi sorodstveni zvezi, tako da se jirna prilegata irneni »stara« in »nova slovensCina«. Poterntakern bi sodili starocerkvenoslovanski teksti v zgodovino slovenskega slovstva; in res so jih tja pod oznako »staroslovenski « uvrseali literarni zgodovinarji od Janeziea in Marna do Kleinrnayra in Glaserja. Strekelj je tu in v skladu z novejsirn razvojern stroke zavzel drugaeno stalisee, ki rnu je dajal osnovni ton Jagic. On in njegov ucenec Oblak sta utemeljila makedonski izvor starocerkvenoslovansCine in ko se je njuna teorija splosno uveljavila, je bil stern ovden razlog za uvrseanje starocerkvenoslovanskih tekstov v slovensko literarno zgodovino. (prim. DOLINAR 2007: 66-69) Njen sestavni del je pri Streklju ostala sarno cirilrnetodovska rnisija v Velikornoravski in Panoniji. Strekljeve poglede na kajkavsko slovstvo je pray tako mogoce razloziti na temelju razvoja juznoslovanske filologije. Kopitar in Miklosie sta zaradi jezikovnega sorodstva pristevala kajkavce v slovensko obrnoeje. Njune nazore 0 jezikovni diskontinuiteti, izviraj°Ci iz slovanske naselitve v dveh valovih, je nadornestil Jagic s teorijo o jezikovni blizini rned vserni juznirni Slovani. To porneni, da so juznoslovanska narecja od skrajnega zahoda do skrajnega vzhoda naselitvenega podrocja med seboj v sorodstvenern razrnerju, tako da bliznja geografska sosesCina porneni tudi veejo jezikovno sorodnost. Jagiceva argurnentacija je tu pretezno jezikoslovna. Pri obravnavi slovstvenih vprasanj je bil pripravljen pritegniti se kulturne, verske in politicne vidike, vendar jih v glavnem ni izcrpal. Njegova vodilna vloga v tedanji mednarodni slavistiki pa je Streklju ocitno bila zadosten razlog za to, da je na temelju bliinjega sorodstva rned vzhodnostajerskirni in kajkavskirni narecji razurnel kajkavsCino po izvoru kot del slovenskega jezika in uvrstil kajkavsko slovstvo v starejsih zgodovinskih dobah v slovensko obrnocje. To se je zgodilo sarnournevno, brez ustrezne argurnentacije. Strekelj se narnrec nikjer nacelno ne izjasni 0 slovenski narodnostni pripadnosti kajkavskega slovstva, Ie tu in tarn rnu pri obravnavi posarneznih piscev uide kaka izdajalska pripomba, ki kaie v to smer Sprico tega lahko sarno posredno skleparno, da so jezikoslovni in narodopisni razlogi, ki so govorili v prid blizini kajkavsCine s slovensCino, pri njern prevladali nad kulturnozgodovinskirni in drz.avnopoliticnirni, ki so pricali 0 razlikah rned njirna. Ta odl°Citev, s katero je dejansko prisvojil dobrsen del hrvaske slovstvene tradicije, pa v slovenski literarni zgodovini ni nasla posnernovalcev; eden redkih, ki je sel po njegovi sledi, je bil Grafenauer v Kratki zgodovini slovenskega slovstva (1, 1917). Predavanja z naslovorn Zgodovina slovenskega slovstva v stirih sernestrskih tecajih segajo od zacetkov do sodobnosti. To je prvi zapis s sledovi poznejse redakcije, torej po obsegu in kakovosti precej neizenacen. Casovno zaporedje obravnave poteka skladno s periodizacijsko shemo, ki pa ni dosledno izpeljana. Prvi tecaj obsega dye poglavji, oznaceni kot »pocetki slovenskega slovstva« in »protestantovska doba« s podpoglavjem »protireformacija«. Tudi naslednji tecaj je dvodelen. Prvo poglavje ni naslovljeno z nobenirn periodizacijskirn terrninorn, iz teksta pa je razvidno, da zanj se najbolj velja oznaka »katoliska doba«. Drugo je z naslovorn oznaceno kot »doba osvetna ali predromanticna (1765-1830)«. 2 Tudi v tretjem, vsebinsko enotnern tecaju bi srneli pricakovati uvodno oznako dobe, vendar srecarno terrnine »rornanticen«, »rornantika« oz. »rornantizern« sele na sredini rned orisorn Presernovega zivljenja in karakteristiko njegovega opusa, obcasno pa se pojavljajo se proti koncu poglavja pri avtorjih graskega kroga. Povod za drugacno urnestitev periodizacijske oznake je v tern, da sta konec drugega in zacetek tretjega tecaja vsebinsko povezana: drugi se konca s crkarsko pravdo in z ekskurzorn 0 Metelkovern poznejsern delovanju, tretji se zacne s Coporn po crkarski pravdi in nadaljuje s Kranjsko cbelico. OCitno je irnel Strekelj tezave z rnejo rned razsvetljenstvorn in rornantiko inje 0 rornantiki izrecno spregovoril edinole pri Presernu, rnedtern ko se je opredeljevanju dobe pri njegovih vrstnikih in pri splosni karakteristiki slovstva rajsi izognil. Tudi pri cetrtern tecaju je izbral sestavljen opis »doba izza ilirizrna, doba Novic in prebuje 1. 1848, doba Slovenskega Glasnika in Stritarjevega Zvona«. Za »realizern« v vlogi casovno opredeljenega periodizacijskega term ina je bilo v slovenski literarni zgodovini se prezgodaj, dasiravno sta kritika in publicistika ze zivahno razpravljali 0 njern. Pac pa se v Strekljevi obravnavi Preserna pojavlja »realizern « kot ahistoricna, tipoloska oznaka, ki opisuje kornpleksen odnos pesnika in njegove poezije do stvarnosti.
Monograph The Slovenian Literary Science from Trubar to World War II is the lifework of Darko Dolinar, an expert in history and methodology of the Slovenian literary science. His study represents, ...for the first time in our country in the form of a scientific synthesis, the development of professional and scientific treatment of literature from its beginnings during the Reformation through Baroque and Enlightenment polyhistoricism and the beginnings of national literary history in the 19th century to the establishment of literary science as a basic university discipline in 1919 and the further development of its various subdisciplines, including comparative literature, all up to the outbreak of World War II. Dolinar's monograph is an attempt to eliminate a long-standing gap in Slovenian literary science, since Slovene literary scholars, researchers, teachers, and students of literature need a firm grounding on the historical knowledge of the concepts, significance, development, and previous crises of the discipline, as well, for a more critical response.
In the last few decades, comparative literature has spread even to those parts of the world that it had not reached before. However, at the same time it has faced a crisis in its traditional centers ...across Europe and North America, which has shaken its conceptual premises, theoretical foundations, and methodological structure, affected its inclusion in university and scholarly institutions, and jeopardized its social status. The discipline responded to this fundamental change through increased self-awareness and a true flourishing of relevant production directed towards fundamental reflections on its identity, the current situation, its genesis, and possible future paths.
Literary translation theory & its relation to literary theory are discussed. It is pointed out that both traditional & modern treatments of translation are inadequate; they lack a comprehensive ...approach to the translation of works of art. Although in the second half of the twentieth century translation gained status of a separate, scientific discipline, little was done in the field of literary translation theory. It is argued that such a theory is both possible & needed. It should be embedded within the theory of literature & related to certain fundamental theoretical concepts of modern literary scholarship. Modified HA
We studied inflammatory and oxidative stress-related parameters and cytotoxic response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a 24 h treatment with milled particles simulating debris ...involved in sandblasting of orthopedic implants (OI). We used different abrasives (corundum-(Al
O
), used corundum retrieved from removed OI (u. Al
O
), and zirconia/silica composite (ZrO
/SiO
)). Morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Concentration of Interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF)-α was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activity of Cholinesterase (ChE) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured by spectrophotometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid droplets (LD) and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Detachment of the cells from glass and budding of the cell membrane did not differ in the treated and untreated control cells. Increased concentration of IL-1β and of IL-6 was found after treatment with all tested particle types, indicating inflammatory response of the treated cells. Increased ChE activity was found after treatment with u. Al
O
and ZrO
/SiO
. Increased GST activity was found after treatment with ZrO
/SiO
. Increased LD quantity but not ROS quantity was found after treatment with u. Al
O
. No cytotoxicity was detected after treatment with u. Al
O
. The tested materials in concentrations added to in vitro cell lines were found non-toxic but bioactive and therefore prone to induce a response of the human body to OI.
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