Abstract
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), clinically considered an intermediate state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and early dementia (Petersen, 2016), progress frequently ...to Alzheimer´s clinical syndrome. Alzheimer Disease (AD) biomarkers are used to evaluate the etiology and progression of MCI. In this study, we evaluated whether MCI participants with different profiles of CSF biomarkers (proposed by the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association ‐Jack et al., 2018‐) show differences in cortical thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus subregions.
Method
Seventy‐eight patients from the Compostela Aging Study diagnosed as MCI according to the Petersen criteria (Petersen, 2004; Albert et al., 2011) underwent neuropsychological assessment, CSF (β‐amyloid, p‐tau and t‐tau), and MRI cortical thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus. Subcortical segmentation of T1‐weighted MR images was conducted with FreeSurfer (6.0 version) using the “recon‐all” pipeline to obtain the mean thickness measures of the parahippocampal and the entorhinal cortex of each participant. Participants were classified into four groups according to CSF biomarkers: Group 1: Normal AD with MCI; Group 2: Alzheimer’s pathologic change with MCI; Group 3: Alzheimer’s disease with MCI (Prodromal AD); and Group 4: non‐Alzheimer’s pathologic change with MCI. General lineal models were performed to evaluate Group differences in the cortical thickness measures.
Results
The MCI Group 1 showed significantly higher cortical thickness than: a) Group 3 in right and left parahippocampal cortex, and b) Group 2 in right entorhinal cortex (Table 1 and Figure 1). No other significant differences were obtained.
Conclusions
The MCI CSF profile groups 3 (“prodromal AD”) and 2 (“Alzheimer´s pathologic change”) showed significant parahippocampal gyrus atrophy compared with MCI group 1 (“normal AD”). These results support MCI profiles proposed by Jack et al. (2018). Moreover, considering the degeneration of medial temporal lobe in AD, the aforementioned changes might have an AD diagnostic and prognostic value for both MCI groups.
Abstract
Background
Characterization of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for clinical and research purposes involves identification of biological and neuropsychological markers in order to predict ...possible progression to dementia. The main aim of this work was to analyze the correlation of anthropometric measurements and plasmatic levels of leptin, testosterone and estrogens with cognitive, CSF and MRI regional atrophy markers in a sample of MCI participants.
Methods
Eighty‐one patients from the Compostela Aging Study diagnosed as MCI according to the Petersen criteria (Petersen, 2004; Albert et al., 2011) underwent neuropsychological assessment (CAMCOG‐R memory, CVLT short and long delayed free recall, subjective memory complains), CSF (Aβ
42
, t‐Tau and p‐Tau) and plasmatic analyses as well as an MRI study (parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex thickness measurements) (Table 1). Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood test results with memory scores, CSF and MRI regional atrophy markers.
Results
Episodic memory scores correlated with CSF measurements (Aβ
42
, t‐Tau, p‐Tau) and parahippocampal and entorhinal cortical thickness (right and left) (Table 2). BMI, suprailiac, pectoral and subscapular skinfolds, circumference of waist, hip, arm and calf were negatively correlated with t‐Tau and p‐Tau levels. BMI, triccipital, thigh and pectoral skin folds as well as calf circumference were positively correlated with parahippocampal and entorhinal cortical thickness. Suprailiac, triccipital and thigh skin folds were positively correlated with episodic memory scores. Leptin plasma levels showed a negative correlation with CSF biomarkers (t‐Tau and p‐Tau) and a positive correlation with parahippocampal cortex thickness. Testosterone and estradiol levels showed a negative correlation with scores on memory tests and enthorhinal cortical thickness.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that body composition is associated with episodic memory function, CSF biomarkers and cortical atrophy in patients with MCI. Leptin levels and sexual hormones may play a role in this association. These results point to a role of fat tissue and its regulating mechanisms in AD pathology and progression from MCI to dementia.
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), clinically considered an intermediate state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and early dementia (Petersen, 2016), progress frequently to ...Alzheimer´s clinical syndrome. Alzheimer Disease (AD) biomarkers are used to evaluate the etiology and progression of MCI. In this study, we evaluated whether MCI participants with different profiles of CSF biomarkers (proposed by the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association ‐Jack et al., 2018‐) show differences in cortical thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus subregions.
Method
Seventy‐eight patients from the Compostela Aging Study diagnosed as MCI according to the Petersen criteria (Petersen, 2004; Albert et al., 2011) underwent neuropsychological assessment, CSF (β‐amyloid, p‐tau and t‐tau), and MRI cortical thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus. Subcortical segmentation of T1‐weighted MR images was conducted with FreeSurfer (6.0 version) using the “recon‐all” pipeline to obtain the mean thickness measures of the parahippocampal and the entorhinal cortex of each participant. Participants were classified into four groups according to CSF biomarkers: Group 1: Normal AD with MCI; Group 2: Alzheimer’s pathologic change with MCI; Group 3: Alzheimer’s disease with MCI (Prodromal AD); and Group 4: non‐Alzheimer’s pathologic change with MCI. General lineal models were performed to evaluate Group differences in the cortical thickness measures.
Results
The MCI Group 1 showed significantly higher cortical thickness than: a) Group 3 in right and left parahippocampal cortex, and b) Group 2 in right entorhinal cortex (Table 1 and Figure 1). No other significant differences were obtained.
Conclusions
The MCI CSF profile groups 3 (“prodromal AD”) and 2 (“Alzheimer´s pathologic change”) showed significant parahippocampal gyrus atrophy compared with MCI group 1 (“normal AD”). These results support MCI profiles proposed by Jack et al. (2018). Moreover, considering the degeneration of medial temporal lobe in AD, the aforementioned changes might have an AD diagnostic and prognostic value for both MCI groups.
Background
Characterization of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for clinical and research purposes involves identification of biological and neuropsychological markers in order to predict possible ...progression to dementia. The main aim of this work was to analyze the correlation of anthropometric measurements and plasmatic levels of leptin, testosterone and estrogens with cognitive, CSF and MRI regional atrophy markers in a sample of MCI participants.
Methods
Eighty‐one patients from the Compostela Aging Study diagnosed as MCI according to the Petersen criteria (Petersen, 2004; Albert et al., 2011) underwent neuropsychological assessment (CAMCOG‐R memory, CVLT short and long delayed free recall, subjective memory complains), CSF (Aβ42, t‐Tau and p‐Tau) and plasmatic analyses as well as an MRI study (parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex thickness measurements) (Table 1). Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood test results with memory scores, CSF and MRI regional atrophy markers.
Results
Episodic memory scores correlated with CSF measurements (Aβ42, t‐Tau, p‐Tau) and parahippocampal and entorhinal cortical thickness (right and left) (Table 2). BMI, suprailiac, pectoral and subscapular skinfolds, circumference of waist, hip, arm and calf were negatively correlated with t‐Tau and p‐Tau levels. BMI, triccipital, thigh and pectoral skin folds as well as calf circumference were positively correlated with parahippocampal and entorhinal cortical thickness. Suprailiac, triccipital and thigh skin folds were positively correlated with episodic memory scores. Leptin plasma levels showed a negative correlation with CSF biomarkers (t‐Tau and p‐Tau) and a positive correlation with parahippocampal cortex thickness. Testosterone and estradiol levels showed a negative correlation with scores on memory tests and enthorhinal cortical thickness.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that body composition is associated with episodic memory function, CSF biomarkers and cortical atrophy in patients with MCI. Leptin levels and sexual hormones may play a role in this association. These results point to a role of fat tissue and its regulating mechanisms in AD pathology and progression from MCI to dementia.
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