This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital, anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil through systematic review and meta-analysis.
We searched EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science and ...SciELO from inception to December 2018. Original research articles that assessed the prevalence of genital (i.e., cervical, penile), anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil were selected in pairs by independent authors. No sex, age, HPV vaccination, language or date restrictions were applied. HPV prevalence was estimated and stratified according to risk factors population and by geographic area throughout the country. The study prevalence was pooled using a random effects model. Analysis was performed using R (version 3.5.2), packages meta version 4.9-4 and metaphor 2.0-0. This review is registered on PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42016032751.
We identified 3,351 references. After the screening process, 139 of them were eligible for this systematic review (57,513 total participants). Prevalence of cervical HPV was 25.41% (95% CI 22.71-28.32). Additionally, prevalence was 36.21% (95% CI 23.40, 51.33) in the penile region, 25.68% (95%CI 14.64, 41.04) in the anal region, and 11.89% (95%CI 6.26, 21.43) in the oral region. Subgroup analysis showed prevalence in each anatomic site was higher in high-risk populations.
The prevalence of HPV is high in the Brazilian population and varies by population risk and anatomic body site, with lower rates in the oral cavity compared to that in the cervical, penile and anal region. Studies on HPV have primarily been developed to evaluate infection and cancer in the cervical region. There is a profound lack of HPV data in many geographic regions of Brazil and for different anatomic sites.
•The reintroduction of measles in Brazil is likely due to migration from Venezuela.•The spread of measles in Brazil was made possible by the low levels of MMR coverage.•Areas with low MMR coverage ...were concentrated in the North and Northeast regions.•Increasing measles vaccine coverage is essential to block the ongoing outbreak.•Vaccination strategies might target areas with a marked decrease in coverage.
We analyzed the time trends and spatial distribution of MMR vaccine coverage in Brazil during 2007–2017. In early 2018, a measles outbreak started in the North region of Brazil, reaching 11 of the 27 federal units by January 24, 2019. In this period, 10,302 cases were confirmed. Although the reintroduction of measles in Brazil is likely due to migration from Venezuela, the spread of the virus was made possible by the low levels of MMR coverage, as a result of significant decreases during the study period. Areas with high concentration of municipalities with low coverage are more susceptible to the spread of the virus, especially in the North and Northeast regions. Increasing vaccination coverage is essential to block the ongoing outbreak in Brazil. Vaccination strategies might target priority areas, especially those with a marked decrease in coverage. Moreover, it is essential to extend actions to travelers, migrants and refugees.
To evaluate the behavior of VCR and VCH, per municipality and per vaccines offered at the NVC, to identify priority areas for intervention.
Descriptive study of a time series, using secondary data ...and accompanied by a narrative review of the literature evaluating VCR and VCH. Vaccines offered to children under one year and to those aged one year in the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19 (2015 to 2019) were selected and compared to those offered during the pandemic period (2020 and 2021).
The decrease in VCR and VCH is a process that precedes the COVID-19 pandemic but was intensified during this period. In 2021, the VCR was around 70% for most vaccines. This phenomenon encompasses the entire country; however, it is more intense in the states/municipalities located in the north and northeast regions, suggesting greater difficulty in accessing health services.
Low and heterogeneous VCR requires the adoption of practices that were previously implemented, establishing partnerships with governmental and non-governmental institutions, with adequate communication, active search for non-compliance and non-adherence to the regular vaccination program, adopting intra- and extramural vaccination strategies, to reverse the current situation and reduce the risk of recurrence of diseases that have been already controlled and eliminated.
In August 2012, the Brazilian Ministry of Health introduced inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) as part of sequential polio vaccination schedule for all infants beginning their primary vaccination ...series. The revised childhood immunization schedule included 2 doses of IPV at 2 and 4 months of age followed by 2 doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) at 6 and 15 months of age. One annual national polio immunization day was maintained to provide OPV to all children aged 6 to 59 months. The decision to introduce IPV was based on preventing rare cases of vaccineassociated paralytic polio, financially sustaining IPV introduction, ensuring equitable access to IPV, and preparing for future OPV cessation following global eradication. Introducing IPV during a national multivaccination campaign led to rapid uptake, despite challenges with local vaccine supply due to high wastage rates. Continuous monitoring is required to achieve high coverage with the sequential polio vaccine schedule.
Highlights ► We reviewed strategies to promote uptake of pandemic influenza vaccines in Brazil. ► Uptake of pandemic influenza vaccines was high among targeted groups. ► Priority groups were targeted ...in phased campaign strategy. ► This was the largest vaccination campaign ever conducted in Brazil. ► Uptake of influenza vaccines in Brazil was higher than in many countries.
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM: VACCINATION, COMPLIANCE AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE DOMINGUES, Carla Magda Allan S; DA SILVA TEIXEIRA, Antonia Maria; DEOTTI CARVALHO, Sandra Maria
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo,
10/2012, Letnik:
54, Številka:
suppl 18
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
to describe the transmission risk classification of vaccine-preventable diseases in Brazilian municipalities.
this was a descriptive epidemiologic study using 2014 data of the Brazilian National ...Immunization Program Information System; the vaccine coverage indicators were used to classify the transmission risk of vaccine-preventable diseases in the municipalities.
of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities, 12.0% were classified as very low risk, 29.6% as low risk, 2.2% as medium risk, 54.3% as high risk and 1.8% as very high risk.
the vaccination coverage surveillance allowed to identify most of the municipalities in high risk situation and the minority of children living in municipalities with appropriate coverage; the vaccination coverage surveillance using indicators of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) is a new tool for identifying priority areas where the actions can be more successful for health managers and improve the quality and the success of the immunizations program.
In March 2010, Brazil introduced the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), which was licensed based on non-inferiority of immunological correlates of protection compared with the ...seven-valent vaccine. The schedule comprised three primary doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months, and a booster dose at age 12 months. A single catch-up dose was offered for children aged 12-23 months at the time of introduction. We assessed PCV10 effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease in Brazilian children.
Invasive pneumococcal disease, defined as isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or another normally sterile site, was identified in children age-eligible for at least one PCV10 dose through laboratory-based and hospital-based surveillance in ten states in Brazil from March 1, 2010, until Dec 31, 2012. We aimed to identify four age-matched and neighbourhood-matched controls for each case. We used conditional logistic regression and calculated PCV10 effectiveness as (1-adjusted matched odds ratio) × 100% for vaccine-type and vaccine-related serotypes (ie, in the same serogroup as a vaccine serotype).
In 316 cases (median age 13·2 months, range 2·6-53·1) and 1219 controls (13·3 months, 2·6-53·1), the adjusted effectiveness of an age-appropriate PCV10 schedule was 83·8% (95% CI 65·9-92·3) against vaccine serotypes, and 77·9% (41·0-91·7) against vaccine-related serotypes. Serotype-specific effectiveness was shown for the two most common vaccine serotypes-14 (87·7%, 60·8-96·1) and 6B (82·8%, 23·8-96·1)-and serotype 19A (82·2%, 10·7-96·4), a serotype related to vaccine serotype 19F. A single catch-up dose in children aged 12-23 months was effective against vaccine-type disease (68·0%, 17·6-87·6). No significant effectiveness was shown against non-vaccine serotypes for age-appropriate or catch-up schedules.
In the routine immunisation programme in Brazil, PCV10 prevents invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes. PCV10 might provide cross-protection against some vaccine-related serotypes.
Brazilian Ministry of Health, Pan-American Health Organization, and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus Colpani, Verônica; Soares Falcetta, Frederico; Bacelo Bidinotto, Augusto ...
PloS one,
02/2020, Letnik:
15, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital, anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science and ...SciELO from inception to December 2018. Original research articles that assessed the prevalence of genital (i.e., cervical, penile), anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil were selected in pairs by independent authors. No sex, age, HPV vaccination, language or date restrictions were applied. HPV prevalence was estimated and stratified according to risk factors population and by geographic area throughout the country. The study prevalence was pooled using a random effects model. Analysis was performed using R (version 3.5.2), packages meta version 4.9-4 and metaphor 2.0-0. This review is registered on PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42016032751. We identified 3,351 references. After the screening process, 139 of them were eligible for this systematic review (57,513 total participants). Prevalence of cervical HPV was 25.41% (95% CI 22.71-28.32). Additionally, prevalence was 36.21% (95% CI 23.40, 51.33) in the penile region, 25.68% (95%CI 14.64, 41.04) in the anal region, and 11.89% (95%CI 6.26, 21.43) in the oral region. Subgroup analysis showed prevalence in each anatomic site was higher in high-risk populations. The prevalence of HPV is high in the Brazilian population and varies by population risk and anatomic body site, with lower rates in the oral cavity compared to that in the cervical, penile and anal region. Studies on HPV have primarily been developed to evaluate infection and cancer in the cervical region. There is a profound lack of HPV data in many geographic regions of Brazil and for different anatomic sites.
Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever a classificação de risco de doenças imunopreveníveis nos municípios brasileiros. MÉTODOS: estudo epidemiológico descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informações do Programa ...Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI) para 2014; os indicadores de coberturas vacinais foram utilizados para classificar o risco de transmissão de doenças imunopreveníveis nos municípios. RESULTADOS: dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros, 12,0% foram classificados como de risco muito baixo, 29,6% de risco baixo, 2,2% de risco médio, 54,3% de risco alto e 1,8% de risco muito alto. Conclusão: a vigilância das coberturas vacinais permitiu identificar a maioria dos municípios em situação de alto risco e a minoria das crianças vivendo em municípios com cobertura adequada; a vigilância das coberturas utilizando indicadores pactuados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) oferece nova ferramenta para identificação de áreas prioritárias, onde as ações poderão ter maiores chances de acerto pelos gestores e melhorar a qualidade e o sucesso do PNI.
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