Ruthenium (Ru=0%, 1% and 2%) doped nano-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized by using well-known sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that Ru (0%, 1% and 2%) ...doped ZnO nanorods crystallized in the wurtzite structure having space group C3v (P63mc). Williamson and Hall plot reveal that in the nanoscale dimensions, incorporation of Ru induced the tensile strain in ZnO host matrix. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman studies of Ru doped ZnO nanorods show the formation of singly ionized oxygen vacancies which may account for the observed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in 2% Ru doped ZnO. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that Ru replace the Zn atoms in the host lattice and maintain the crystal symmetry with slightly lattice distortion. Display omitted
•Ru doped ZnO nanorods crystallized in the wurtzite structure having space group C3v (P63mc).•PL and Raman studies show the formation of singly ionized oxygen vacancies in 2% Ru doped ZnO.•XAS reveals that Ru replace the Zn atoms in the host lattice with slightly lattice distortion.•Doping of Ru in ZnO nanostructures gives rise to RTFM ordering.
Ruthenium (Ru=0%, 1% and 2%) doped nano-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized by using well-known sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that Ru (0%, 1% and 2%) doped ZnO nanorods crystallized in the wurtzite structure having space group C3v (P63mc). Williamson and Hall plot reveal that in the nanoscale dimensions, incorporation of Ru induced the tensile strain in ZnO host matrix. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman studies of Ru doped ZnO nanorods show the formation of singly ionized oxygen vacancies which may account for the observed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in 2% Ru doped ZnO. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that Ru replace the Zn atoms in the host lattice and maintain the crystal symmetry with slightly lattice distortion.
Model updating techniques are often applied to calibrate the numerical models of bridges using structural health monitoring data. The updated models can facilitate damage assessment and prediction of ...responses under extreme loading conditions. Some researchers have adopted surrogate models, for example, Kriging approach, to reduce the computations, while others have quantified uncertainties with Bayesian inference. It is desirable to further improve the efficiency and robustness of the Kriging‐based model updating approach and analytically evaluate its uncertainties. An active learning structural model updating method is proposed based on the Kriging method. The expected feasibility learning function is extended for model updating using a Bayesian objective function. The uncertainties can be quantified through a derived likelihood function. The case study for verification involves a multisensory vehicle‐bridge system comprising only two sensors, with one installed on a vehicle parked temporarily on the bridge and another mounted directly on the bridge. The proposed algorithm is utilized for damage detection of two beams numerically and an aluminum model beam experimentally. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory accuracy in identifying damage with much less data, compared with the general Kriging model updating technique. Both the computation and instrumentation can be reduced for structural health monitoring and model updating.
Traditional bridge health monitoring is both expensive and time-consuming because of the need for installing a large quantity of sensors on the bridge. The indirect monitoring method as a feasible ...alternative has become popular over the last decade, as useful information can be gathered from moving vehicles installed with sensors by considering vehicle-bridge interaction. This paper describes an indirect time-varying modal parameter identification method for bridges under a moving test vehicle. A novel reference-driven S-transform is proposed for the parametric modal identification of time-varying structural systems with non-stationary characteristics based on a multisensory arrangement, comprising a fixed reference sensor installed on the bridge and another movable sensor installed on a moving test vehicle. By the phase-preservation property of S-transform and the multisensory time-frequency analysis, the proposed iterative reference-driven S-transform can be used to extract the time-varying modal parameters of the vehicle-bridge system when the vehicle moves on the bridge. Based on the coherence between measurements from the sensors mounted on the bridge and vehicle, one can track the time-varying characteristics by combining the spatial and time-frequency information obtained by the multisensory array. The efficiency of the proposed reference-driven S-transform method is validated by numerical simulations and laboratory experiments using a simply supported beam with a moving vehicle. The effects of the vehicle property, driving speed, road roughness and measurement noise are discussed. The numerical and experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method is useful for time-varying parameter extraction with a multisensory system. This will be useful to structural condition monitoring of bridges.
Previously demonstrated high-order silicon ring filters typically have bandwidths larger than 100 GHz. Here we demonstrate 1-2 GHz-bandwidth filters with very high extinction ratios (~50 dB). The ...silicon waveguides employed to construct these filters have propagation losses of ~0.5 dB/cm. Each ring of a filter is thermally controlled by metal heaters situated on the top of the ring. With a power dissipation of ~72 mW, the ring resonance can be tuned by one free spectral range, resulting in wavelength-tunable optical filters. Both second-order and fifth-order ring resonators are presented, which can find ready application in microwave/radio frequency signal processing.
Early screening may prevent fibrosis progression in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
We developed and validated MAFLD fibrosis score (MFS) for identifying advanced fibrosis (≥F3) ...among MAFLD patients.
This cross-sectional, multicentre study consecutively recruited MAFLD patients receiving tertiary care (Malaysia as training cohort n = 276 and Hong Kong and Wenzhou as validation cohort n = 431). Patients completed liver biopsy, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and clinical and laboratory assessment within 1 week. We used machine learning to select 'highly important' predictors of advanced fibrosis, followed by backward stepwise regression to construct MFS formula.
MFS was composed of seven variables: age, body mass index, international normalised ratio, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, platelet count, and history of type 2 diabetes. MFS demonstrated an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.848 95% CI 0.800-898 and 0.823 0.760-0.886 in training and validation cohorts, significantly higher than aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (0.684 0.603-0.765, 0.663 0.588-0.738), Fibrosis-4 index (0.793 0.735-0.854, 0.737 0.660-0.814), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (0.785 0.731-0.844, 0.750 0.674-0.827) (DeLong's test p < 0.05). MFS could include 92.3% of patients using dual cut-offs of 14 and 15, with a correct prediction rate of 90.4%, resulting in a larger number of patients with correct diagnosis compared to other scores. A two-step MFS-VCTE screening algorithm demonstrated positive and negative predictive values and overall diagnostic accuracy of 93.4%, 89.5%, and 93.2%, respectively, with only 4.0% of patients classified into grey zone.
MFS outperforms conventional non-invasive scores in predicting advanced fibrosis, contributing to screening in MAFLD patients.
We report measurements of the production cross sections of charged pions, kaons, and protons as a function of fractional energy, the event-shape variable called thrust, and the transverse momentum ...with respect to the thrust axis. These measurements access the transverse momenta created in the fragmentation process, which are of critical importance to the understanding of any transverse-momentum-dependent distribution and fragmentation functions. The low transverse-momentum part of the cross sections can be well described by Gaussians in transverse momentum as is generally assumed but the fractional-energy dependence is nontrivial and different hadron types have varying Gaussian widths. The width of these Gaussians decreases with thrust and shows an initially rising, then decreasing fractional-energy dependence. The widths for pions and kaons are comparable within uncertainties, while those for protons are significantly narrower. These single-hadron cross sections and Gaussian widths are obtained from a 558 fb−1 data sample collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.
Facile, efficient, and mass production of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens (AIEgens) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characteristics was achieved by a one-step ...condensation reaction of 2-(hydrazonomethyl)phenol with benzaldehydes. The function of as-prepared AIEgens could be tuned easily by varying the functional group being carried on the phenyl ring of benzaldehyde just like a Swiss knife handle. The suitable distance and angle of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in these AIEgens endowed them with ESIPT properties, intense solid-state luminescence, and large Stokes shifts (155–169 nm). These AIEgens could not only serve as biological probes showing specific targeting to lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes, respectively, but also generate reactive oxygen species upon visible light irradiation to make them promise for photodynamic therapy.
Using data samples of e+ e- collisions collected at the ?(1S), ?(2S), and ?(3S) resonances with the Belle detector, we search for the three-body decay of the ? (2012) baryon to Kp =. This decay is ...predicted to dominate for models describing the ? (2012) as a K = (1530) molecule. No significant ?(2012) signals are observed in the studied channels, and 90% credibility level upper limits on the ratios of the branching fractions relative to K= decay modes are obtained. PACS numbers: 13.25. Hw, 14.20. Lq 4
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