Aging is associated with age-related diseases and an increase susceptibility of cancer. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms that underlie aging and longevity would contribute to implications for ...preventing and treating the age-dependent diseases or cancers. Multiple signaling pathways such as the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, TOR signaling, AMPK pathway, JNK pathway and germline signaling have been found to be involved in aging and longevity. And DAF-16/FOXO, as a key transcription factor, could integrate different signals from these pathways to modulate aging, and longevity via shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus. Hence, understanding how DAF-16/FOXO functions will be pivotal to illustrate the processes of aging and longevity. Here, we summarized how DAF-16/FOXO receives signals from these pathways to affect aging and longevity. We also briefly discussed the transcriptional regulation and posttranslational modifications of DAF-16/FOXO, its co-factors as well as its potential downstream targets participating in lifespan according to the published data in
and in mammals, and in most cases, we may focus on the studies in
which has been considered to be a very good animal model for longevity research.
Glia make up roughly half of all cells in the mammalian nervous system and play a major part in nervous system development, function, and disease. Although research in the past few decades has shed ...light on their morphological and functional diversity, there is still much to be known about key aspects of their development such as the generation of glial diversity and the factors governing proper morphogenesis. Glia of the nematode C. elegans possess many developmental and morphological similarities with their vertebrate counterparts and can potentially be used as a model to understand certain aspects of glial biology owing to advantages such as its genetic tractability and fully mapped cell lineage. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of genetic pathways that regulate glial development in C. elegans and discuss how some of these findings may be conserved.
Glia are present in all animals with a centralized nervous system, and they perform diverse tasks that are important for proper nervous system function. Perhaps owing to the complexity of the nervous system, there is still much unknown about glial biology and development. We summarize the various molecular pathways regulating different aspects of glial development that have been characterized in the relatively simple nervous system of the nematode C. elegans.
Researches about the fusion application of Big Data and blockchain have appeared for a long time, many information service providers have launched information service business based on Big Data and ...blockchain (hereafter, ISBD). However, in the green agri-food area, the ISBD application does not popularized. A vital reason is that many decision makers do not know how to make an optimal investment decision and coordinate chain members after adopting ISBD. The core of this problem is to study the issue of investment decision and coordination in a green agri-food supply chain. To solve this problem, firstly, combining with the status of Chinese agricultural development, we proposed a more suitable supply chain structure in the fusion application environment of Big Data and blockchain. Then, we chose a green agri-food supply chain with one producer and one retailer as research object and revised the demand function. Afterwards, considering the changes of agri-food freshness and greenness, we built and analysed the benefit models of producer and retailer before and after using ISBD, and then a cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract was put forward to coordinate the supply chain. Findings: 1) When the total investment cost payed by producer and retailer is in a certain range, using ISBD will help chain members gain more benefits. 2) If chain members want to gain more benefits after using ISBD, they should try their best to optimize costs by extracting valuable information. Results can offer a theoretical guidance for producer and retailer in investing in ISBD, pricing decision and supply chain coordination after applying ISBD.
Elaborate molecular design on cathodes is of great importance for rechargeable aqueous zinc–organic batteries’ performance elevation. Herein, we design a novel orthoquinone‐based covalent organic ...framework with an ordered channel structures (BT‐PTO COF) cathode for an ultrahigh performance aqueous zinc–organic battery. The ordered channel structure facilitates ions transfer and makes the COF follow a redox pseudocapacitance mechanism. Thus, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 225 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and an exceptional long‐term cyclability (retention rate 98.0 % at 5 A g−1 (≈18 C) after 10 000 cycles). Moreover, a co‐insertion mechanism with Zn2+ first followed by two H+ is uncovered for the first time. Significantly, this co‐insertion behaviour evolves to more H+ insertion routes at high current density and gives the COF ultra‐fast kinetics thus it achieves unprecedented specific power of 184 kW kg−1(COF) and a high energy density of 92.4 Wh kg−1(COF). Our work reports a superior organic material for zinc batteries and provides a design idea for future high‐performance organic cathodes.
A novel orthoquinone‐based covalent organic framework (COF)−BT‐PTO COF cathode was designed and synthesized for aqueous zinc–organic batteries. The inherent ordered open channel structure facilitates ion transfer and insertion, thus making the COF follow a redox pseudocapacitance mechanism with staged Zn2+ H+ co‐insertion behavior, ultra‐fast kinetics and unprecedented cyclability.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switches have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in advanced information technologies. However, the design and fabrication of ...solid‐state multiple‐responsive CPL switches remain challenging. Here, through self‐assembly of chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), a pair of crystalline enantiomeric (P)‐(+)/(M)‐(−)‐EuMOF⊃MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3+, X = Cl−, Br−, I−) adducts is prepared, where the achiral MAPbBr3 perovskite NCs embedded into chiral MOFs inherit the chirality of host MOFs by host‐guest EuBr and PbO coordination bonds, which is demonstrated by synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The chiral adducts show enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), good thermal stability of CPL in air, and photoswitchable CPL properties upon altering different UV irradiation. Based on two chiral emission centers and their different characteristics, reversible CPL switches are realized upon a diversity of external stimuli, for example, chemicals (water /CH3NH3Br solution) or temperatures (room temperature/high temperature). Benefiting from the extraordinary stimuli‐responsive and highly reversible switchable CPL, multiple information encryptions and decryptions integrated with CPL, together with a chiroptical logic gate are successfully designed. This work opens a new avenue to generally fabricate solid‐state CPL composite materials and develops new applications based on switchable CPL.
Achiral perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are embedded in homochiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for color‐tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) without any ligand passivation. Experimental results indicate that MAPbBr3 NCs adopted a chiral packing in enantiomeric MOFs by EuBr and PbO bonds. The CPL of composites possesses the multiple external‐stimulate responsive reversibility.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) refers to a type of arthritis manifested with chronic inflammation of spine joints. microRNAs (MiRNAs) have been identified as new therapeutic targets for inflammatory ...diseases. In this study, we evaluated the influence of microRNA‐96 (miR‐96) on osteoblast differentiation together with bone formation in a murine model of AS. The speculated relationship that miR‐96 could bind to sclerostin (SOST) was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. After successful model establishment, the mice with AS and osteoblasts isolated from mice with AS were treated with mimics or inhibitors of miR‐96, or DKK‐1 (a Wnt signaling inhibitor). The effects of gain‐ or loss‐of‐function of miR‐96 on the inflammatory cytokine release (IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium nodule formation, along with the viability of osteoblasts were determined. It was observed that miR‐96 might target and regulate SOST. Besides, miR‐96 was expressed at a high level in AS mice while SOST expressed at a low level. TOP/FOP‐Flash luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‐96 activated the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, AS mice overexpressing miR‐96 exhibited increased contents of IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α, ALP activity, calcium nodule numbers, and viability of osteoblasts. In contrast, inhibition of miR‐96 resulted in suppression of the osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In conclusion, the study implicates that overexpressing miR‐96 could improve osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in AS mice via Wnt signaling pathway activation, highlighting a potential new target for AS treatment.
In this paper, Ag@Fe
3
O
4
@cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile and green microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. In the procedure, CNC was used as a reducing ...agent for the synthesis of Ag. During the whole synthesis process, there were no additional reducing agents or toxic solvents used. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. In addition, Ag@Fe
3
O
4
@CNC nanocomposites were also synthesized by microwave-assisted method and hydrothermal method. Both the effects of reaction time and synthetic procedures on the reduction process of Ag
+
by CNC were explored. The results showed that Fe
3
O
4
was formed with sphere-like structure and dispersed uniformly. Ag@Fe
3
O
4
@CNC nanocomposites exhibited good adsorption of dye solution, which showed potential applications in water treatment. The antibacterial results showed that Ag@ Fe
3
O
4
@CNC nanocomposites had good antibacterial activities toward both
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) and
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
). The green and facile strategy reported in this paper may be broadly used in synthesizing other metal nanoparticles, as well as organic–inorganic nanocomposites.
Parity-time (PT) symmetry challenges the long-held theoretical basis that only Hermitian operators correspond to observable phenomena in quantum mechanics. Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians satisfying PT ...symmetry also have a real-valued energy spectrum. In the field of inductor-capacitor (
) passive wireless sensors, PT symmetry is mainly used for improving performance in terms of multi-parameter sensing, ultrahigh sensitivity, and longer interrogation distance. For example, the proposal of both higher-order PT symmetry and divergent exceptional points can utilize a more drastic bifurcation process around exceptional points (EPs) to accomplish a significantly higher sensitivity and spectral resolution. However, there are still many controversies regarding the inevitable noise and actual precision of the EP sensors. In this review, we systematically present the research status of PT-symmetric
sensors in three working areas: exact phase, exceptional point, and broken phase, demonstrating the advantages of non-Hermitian sensing concerning classical
sensing principles.
This paper studies a class of variational inequalities with degenerate parabolic operators and symmetric structure, which is an extension of the parabolic equation in a bounded domain. By solving a ...series of penalty problems, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions in the weak sense are proved by the energy method and a limit process.
In the present work, Ag@AgCl-reinforced cellulose composites with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation properties were successfully synthesized via oil bath heating method. During ...the process, zinc chloride (ZnCl
) solution was used as both Cl
resource to form AgCl and the solvent to dissolve cellulose. The samples were synthesized with different temperatures, times, and concentrations of ZnCl
solution. The morphology, microstructure and phase of the as-prepared samples were analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photocatalytic activity studies and inhibition zone experiments. Results showed that dye solution could be completely degraded by the materials in 1 h, and higher concentrations of ZnCl
solution favored for larger inhibition zones (higher to 10.8 mm). This synthetic strategy displayed here offers more possibilities to high value-added applications of cellulose.
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