Abstract
This paper presents an innovative calculation method that simplifies the present calculation in the existing Romanian solar methodology, but also brings a new approach to the problem of ...determining the actual efficiency of a heating system using solar panels during the actual hours of sunshine. This new method will also make better economical estimations by including a new calculation method that is adapted strictly to solar panels applications. Both proposed methods, include a new approach of determining the thermal and economic indicators faster or more precise. The results shown in this article, validate the new calculation method and offer new perspectives on real-time hourly solar system performance evaluation. Those results show that although the actual hourly efficiency of the solar panels increases over a small period of time, daily system efficiency that includes the consumer’s heating needs, decreases due to the limitation of the required thermal energy over a longer period of time that exceeds those sunshine hours. This paper provides a new vision regarding the way solar systems are treated and suggests some adjustments that need to be made in calculating the solar systems. Thus, due to a considerably higher heat input over a given period of the day, it is concluded that these systems work much better in the case of extra storage of this energy (larger storage tank) or by adjusting the indoor temperatures (through automation) during this solar charging regime.
When establishing the constructive structures that must reach the required levels of fire performance, one must start from the fact that the fire is an accident. The structures must remain viable for ...the normal fire time considered. The behaviour of the construction to the fire is dependent, besides other factors, on the contribution to the fire of the elements and parts of the construction, of the materials and products for the construction, as well as on the fire resistance of some of them. Due to the fact that the initiation and evolution of the fires is different, it was imposed that the determination of the fire behaviour of the constructions and the materials that enter their composition should be done under specified conditions, by exposing them to a specified ignition source, in a good context.
This research presents a new testing method in a natural scale for external cladding systems tested on buildings with minimum than 3 floors 1. The testing method is unique in Romania and it is ...similar about many fire testing current methods from European Union states. Also, presents the fire propagation and the effect of fire smoke on the building façade composed of thermal insulation. Laboratory of testing and research for building fire safety from National Institute INCERC Bucharest, provides a test method for determining the fire performance characteristics of non-loadbearing external cladding systems and external wall insulation systems when applied to the face of a building and exposed to an external fire under controlled conditions 2. The fire exposure is representative of an external fire source or a fully-developed (post-flashover) fire in a room, venting through an opening such as a window aperture that exposes the cladding to the effects of external flames, or an external fire source. On the future, fire tests will be experimented for answer demande a number of high-profile fires where the external facade of tall buildings provided a route for vertical fire spread.
The Romanian norms and technical regulations do not provide the obligation of compartment fire tests for composite facade insulation systems "ETICS". Unfortunately, only after these tests can result ...reliable data on the performance evaluation of ETICS under the effects of compartment fires, and there is still no harmonized European standard requiring such tests (in 2018 the first part of a European project that aims to harmonize the fire exposure test of façades was completed). In this context, researchers from the INCERC Fire Security Research and Testing Laboratory in Bucharest, tested experimentally the exposure to compartment fire of two types of ETICS, according to the test method set out in BS 8414. The climate test conditions of both systems were similar, and after the tests (for the first time in Romania) a series of data were obtained on the behaviour of ETICS under the action of compartment fires. With these results, the Romanian fire research aims to bring its contribution at European level, for the large-scale fire performance assessment of ETICS and the identification of innovative solutions for limiting fire propagation on building facades.
The façade fire simulation of buildings is carried out with Pyrosim numerical fire modeling program, following the implementation of a fire scenario in this simulation program. The scenario that was ...implemented in the Pyrosim program by researchers from the INCERC Fire Safety Research and Testing Laboratory complied with the requirements of BS 8414. The results obtained following the run of the computational program led to the visual validation of effluents at different time points from the beginning of the thermal load burning, as well as the validation in terms of recorded temperatures. It is considered that the results obtained are reasonable, the test being fully validated from the point of view of the implementation of the fire scenario, of the correct development of the effluents and of the temperature values 1.
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