Accessing hadronic form factors at large momentum transfers has traditionally presented a challenge for lattice QCD simulations. Here, we demonstrate how a novel implementation of the ...Feynman-Hellmann method can be employed to calculate hadronic form factors in lattice QCD at momenta much higher than previously accessible. Our simulations are performed on a single set of gauge configurations with three flavors of degenerate mass quarks corresponding to mπ≈470 MeV. We are able to determine the electromagnetic form factors of the pion and nucleon up to approximately 6 GeV2, with results for the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at our simulated quark mass agreeing well with experimental results.
The extraction of hadron matrix elements in lattice QCD using the standard two- and three-point correlator functions demands careful attention to systematic uncertainties. One of the most commonly ...studied sources of systematic error is contamination from excited states. We apply the variational method to calculate the axial vector current gA, the scalar current gS, the scalar current gT and the quark momentum fraction ⟨x⟩ of the nucleon and we compare the results to the more commonly used summation and two-exponential fit methods. The results demonstrate that the variational approach offers a more efficient and robust method for the determination of nucleon matrix elements.
A pressure impulse (PI) diagram is an important tool used for the preliminary design of structural members against blasts. Normalised PI diagrams can be derived using single degree of freedom (SDOF) ...theory to quickly determine the PI diagram of a given structural member. In order to use PI diagrams for blasts occurring in various confined environments, characterised by irregular shaped pulse loads, an investigation into the effects of pulse shape on a given point on the normalised PI curve is undertaken. Relying on the concept of the effective pulse load, three parameters which define the shape of the effective pulse load are determined. These parameters are then used to derive a method for determining a point on the normalised PI curve for elastic, rigid plastic and elastic plastic hardening structural members. The overall procedure can be iterated to determine many points, thus forming the entire normalised PI curve. Due to the generality of this new approach, it can be applied to structural members subjected to any arbitrary pulse load as long as its response and failure are controlled by its flexural behaviour.
•New approach is provided to determine any normalised pressure impulse curve.•All required equations are derived and provided.•Can be applied to any blast pulse load shape.•Can be applied to any structural member governed by flexure.
This study tested whether there exists a correlation between leptin receptors (LEPR) expression with proliferation and neoangiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma.
Enrolled were 75 patients with ...colorectal carcinoma, who underwent surgical tumor resection. After routine histopathological preparation, sections 3-4 μm thick were prepared. Routine H&E and immunohistochemical ABC method with anti-LEPR, anti-Ki67 and anti-CD 105 antibodies were performed.
Pronounced or moderate LEPR expression in colorectal carcinoma was found in 77.3% of the cases. Absence of expression of LEPR correlated with low rate of proliferation in 94.1% of the cases, while high proliferation rate showed 92% of the cases with pronounced LEPR expression. Low grade neoangiogenesis correlated with absence of LEPR expression in 88.2% of the cases. In 92% of the cases with pronounced LEPR expression, high rate of angiogenesis was observed. The LEPR expression correlated significantly (p<0.001) with proliferation index (proIDX) and neoangiogenesis index (mvdIDX). The corresponded correlation coefficients indicated considerable strength of association between variables (r=0.63 and r=0.66).
Our results demonstrated that LEPR expression in colorectal carcinoma significantly corresponded to proliferation index of tumor cells and neoangiogenesis, which could have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications.
We use the Yang-Mills gradient flow to calculate the pseudo-scalar expansion coefficient \(c_P^*(t_f)\). This quantity is a key ingredient to obtaining the chiral condensate and strange quark content ...of the nucleon using the Lattice QCD formulation, which can ultimately determine the spin independent (SI) elastic cross section of dark matter models involving WIMP-nucleon interactions. The goal, using the gradient flow, is to renormalize the chiral condensate and the strange content of the nucleon without a power divergent subtraction. Using Chiral symmetry and the small flow time expansion of the gradient flow, the scalar density at zero flow time can be related to the pseudo-scalar density at non zero flow time. By computing the flow time dependance of the pseudo-scalar density over multiple lattices box sizes, lattice spacings and pion masses, we can obtain the scalar density of the nucleon. Our lattice ensembles are \(N_{f}=2+1\), PCAC-CS gauge field configurations, varying over \(m_{\pi}\approx \{410,570,700\}\)~MeV at \(a=0.0907\)~fm, with additional ensembles that vary \(a\approx \{0.1095,0.0936,0.0684\} \)~fm at \(m_{\pi} \approx 700\)~MeV.
Accessing hadronic form factors at large momentum transfers has traditionally presented a challenge for lattice QCD simulations. Here we demonstrate how a novel implementation of the Feynman-Hellmann ...method can be employed to calculate hadronic form factors in lattice QCD at momenta much higher than previously accessible. Our simulations are performed on a single set of gauge configurations with three flavours of degenerate mass quarks corresponding to \(m_\pi \approx 470 \text{ MeV}\). We are able to determine the electromagnetic form factors of the pion and nucleon up to approximately \(6 \text{ GeV}^2\), with results for \(G_E/G_M\) in the proton agreeing well with experimental results.
Accessing hadronic form factors at large momentum transfers has traditionally presented a challenge for lattice QCD simulations. Here, we demonstrate how a novel implementation of the ...Feynman-Hellmann method can be employed to calculate hadronic form factors in lattice QCD at momenta much higher than previously accessible. Our simulations are performed on a single set of gauge configurations with three flavors of degenerate mass quarks corresponding to $m_{π} ≈ 470$ MeV. We are able to determine the electromagnetic form factors of the pion and nucleon up to approximately $6 GeV^2$, with results for the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at our simulated quark mass agreeing well with experimental results.
"Nudging"-modifying environments to change people's behavior, often without their conscious awareness-can improve health, but public acceptability of nudging is largely unknown.
We compared ...acceptability, in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA), of government interventions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Three nudge interventions were assessed: i. reducing portion Size, ii. changing the Shape of the drink containers, iii. changing their shelf Location; alongside two traditional interventions: iv. Taxation and v. Education. We also tested the hypothesis that describing interventions as working through non-conscious processes decreases their acceptability. Predictors of acceptability, including perceived intervention effectiveness, were also assessed. Participants (n = 1093 UK and n = 1082 USA) received a description of each of the five interventions which varied, by randomisation, in how the interventions were said to affect behaviour: (a) via conscious processes; (b) via non-conscious processes; or (c) no process stated. Acceptability was derived from responses to three items.
Levels of acceptability for four of the five interventions did not differ significantly between the UK and US samples; reducing portion size was less accepted by the US sample. Within each country, Education was rated as most acceptable and Taxation the least, with the three nudge-type interventions rated between these. There was no evidence to support the study hypothesis: i.e. stating that interventions worked via non-conscious processes did not decrease their acceptability in either the UK or US samples. Perceived effectiveness was the strongest predictor of acceptability for all interventions across the two samples.
In conclusion, nudge interventions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages seem similarly acceptable in the UK and USA, being more acceptable than taxation, but less acceptable than education. Contrary to prediction, we found no evidence that highlighting the non-conscious processes by which nudge interventions may work decreases their acceptability. However, highlighting the effectiveness of all interventions has the potential to increase their acceptability.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective at treating acid-related disorders. These drugs are well tolerated in the short term, but long-term treatment was associated with adverse events in ...observational studies. We aimed to confirm these findings in an adequately powered randomized trial.
We performed a 3 × 2 partial factorial double-blind trial of 17,598 participants with stable cardiovascular disease and peripheral artery disease randomly assigned to groups given pantoprazole (40 mg daily, n = 8791) or placebo (n = 8807). Participants were also randomly assigned to groups that received rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) with aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg) alone. We collected data on development of pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, other enteric infections, fractures, gastric atrophy, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive lung disease, dementia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality every 6 months. Patients were followed up for a median of 3.01 years, with 53,152 patient-years of follow-up.
There was no statistically significant difference between the pantoprazole and placebo groups in safety events except for enteric infections (1.4% vs 1.0% in the placebo group; odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.75). For all other safety outcomes, proportions were similar between groups except for C difficile infection, which was approximately twice as common in the pantoprazole vs the placebo group, although there were only 13 events, so this difference was not statistically significant.
In a large placebo-controlled randomized trial, we found that pantoprazole is not associated with any adverse event when used for 3 years, with the possible exception of an increased risk of enteric infections. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01776424.
Which population factors have predisposed people to disregard government safety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and what justifications do they give for this non-compliance? To address these ...questions, we analyse fixed-choice and free-text responses to survey questions about compliance and government handling of the pandemic, collected from tens of thousands of members of the UK public at three 6-monthly timepoints. We report that sceptical opinions about the government and mainstream-media narrative, especially as pertaining to justification for guidelines, significantly predict non-compliance. However, free text topic modelling shows that such opinions are diverse, spanning from scepticism about government competence and self-interest to full-blown conspiracy theories, and covary in prevalence with sociodemographic variables. These results indicate that attempts to counter non-compliance through argument should account for this diversity in peoples' underlying opinions, and inform conversations aimed at bridging the gap between the general public and bodies of authority accordingly.
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