CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) integrate very small sensing elements with a pitch of
10
–
40
μ
m
together with analog and digital signal processing circuits into a monolithic chip, which ...may be thinned down to a thickness of
∼
50
μ
m
. These features make MAPS an interesting sensor for a broad range of vertex detectors in charged particle tracking (e.g. CBM, STAR, ILC). Intense R&D was performed in the last years in order to improve the radiation tolerance and hence the lifetime of the sensors toward the level required.
One strategy to reach this improvement is reducing the number of metastable, radiation induced defects in the sensor material by thermal annealing. To test the feasibility of this approach, we studied systematically the effect of annealing on neutron and X-ray irradiated MAPS. The results of the studies are presented and the option to recover a strongly irradiated, MAPS based vertex detector by means of thermal treatment is discussed.
CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) are proposed as a technology for various vertex detectors in nuclear and particle physics. We discuss the mechanisms of ionizing radiation damage on MAPS ...hosting the dead time free, so-called self bias pixel. Moreover, we introduce radiation hardened sensor designs which allow operating detectors after exposing them to irradiation doses above 1
Mrad.
Hadron modifications in nuclear matter are discussed in connection to chiral symmetry restoration and/or hadronic many body effects. Experiments with photon, proton and heavy ion beams are used to ...probe properties of hadrons embedded in nuclear matter at different temperatures and densities. Most of the information has been gathered for the light vector mesons ρ ω and ø. HADES is a second generation experiment operating at GSI with the main aim to study in-medium modifications by means of dielectron production at the SIS18/Bevelac energy range. Large acceptance and excellent particle identification capabilities allows also for measurements of strangeness production. These abilities combined with the variety of beams provided by the SIS18 allow for a characterization of properties of the dense baryonic matter properties created in heavy ion collisions at these energies. A review of recent experimental results obtained by HADES is presented, with main emphasis on hadron properties in nuclear matter.
A general purpose beam telescope of new generation has been constructed and tested. Four reference planes of the telescope are based on CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), thinned down to ...less than 100 microns. Noise optimized, high precision tracking pixel sensors have been designed and fabricated for this application using AMS 0.35 OPTO process. Single sensor consists of 512times512 pixel array with a pitch of 10 mum, providing an active area of 5times5 mm2. Measured signal-to-noise ratio for minimum ionizing particle (MIP) is more than 27 at room temperature and extrapolated single point (2D) resolution is below 1 mum. Use of such sensors for beam telescope provide an attractive solution for high precision tracking of minimum ionizing particles even in case of their relatively low energy. Telescope tracking performance study, including beam tests results with hundreds GeV pions is presented. Comparison of sensors fabricated using standard (14 mum thick epitaxy) and experimental (20 mum epitaxy) wafers is also discussed.
The CBM experiment will investigate heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from 8 to 45 AGeV at the future accelerator facility FAIR. The goal of the experiment is to study the QCD phase diagram in ...the region of moderate temperatures and highest net-baryon densities in search of the first-order phase transition from confined to deconfined matter at the QCD critical point. To do so, CBM aims to measure rare hadronic, leptonic and photonic probes among them open charm. In order to reject the rich background generated by the heavy ion collisions, a micro vertex detector (MVD) providing an unprecedented combination of high rate capability and radiation hardness, very light material budget and excellent granularity is required. In this work, we will present and discuss the concept of this detector.
CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are proposed as a technology for various vertex detectors in nuclear and particle physics. We discuss the mechanisms of ionizing radiation damage on MAPS ...hosting the the dead time free, so-called self bias pixel. Moreover, we discuss radiation hardened sensor designs which allow operating detectors after exposing them to irradiation doses above 1 Mrad
Objective
To characterize sleep complaints in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify correlates of sleep quality.
Methods
Sleep quality in 100 women with SLE was assessed using ...the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing depressed mood, leisure time physical activity, functional disability, and pain severity. A clinical examination determined disease activity, cumulative damage, and whether patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were computed.
Results
The mean ± SD global PSQI score was 6.98 ± 4.03, with moderate to severe sleep impairment reported by 56% of the sample. The first model testing the importance of demographic factors was not statistically significant. In the disease‐related model, the use of prednisone and functional disability both contributed to poor sleep quality (P < 0.001). The addition of level of exercise participation to the demographic set significantly added to the model (P = 0.001). Depression significantly added to the demographic set, explaining 29% of the variance (P < 0.0001). When these variables, along with disease related variables, were simultaneously regressed on the PSQI Global Score, only depressed mood appeared as a significant independent determinant of global sleep quality (P < 0.001). However, the point estimates for the Beta coefficients were consistent with effects for lack of exercise and prednisone use.
Conclusion
A significant proportion of women with SLE suffer from poor sleep quality. The findings suggest that depressed mood, prednisone use, and lack of exercise contribute to decreased overall sleep quality.
An interlaboratory trial for the determination of patulin in apple juice and fruit puree was conducted, involving 17 participants representing a cross section of industry, official food control, and ...research facilities. Mean recoveries reported ranged from 74 (10 ng/g) to 62% (25 ng/g) for apple juice and from 72 (25 ng/g) to 74% (10 ng/g) for fruit puree. Based on results for spiked samples (blind pairs at 2 levels), as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind pairs at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSD(r)) in juice ranged from 8.0 to 14.3% and in puree from 3.5 to 9.3%. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSD(R)) in juice ranged from 19.8 to 39.5% and in puree from 12.5 to 35.2%, reflecting HORRAT values from 0.6 to 1.0 for juice and 0.4 to 0.9 for puree. The method showed acceptable within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for each matrix, as required by current European legislation.
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