Correlation between the state of vitamin metabolism and the impairments in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism was studied in 35 children of 9-13 years of age with diabetes mellitus of various ...severity standing for up to 7 years. Deterioration of riboflavin metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, expressed as an increase of the vitamin excretion with urine, was augmented with prolongation of the disease duration; the deterioration was sometimes related to the value of glycemia and glucosuria, being the indicative symptom of the disease. In spite of some limitations in validity of experiments related to insufficient number of children in some groups, a decrease in excretion of 1-methyl nicotinamide with urine was detected in all the children with the comatose state, in acidoketosis and glucosuria (above 20 g/day), whereas normal content of nicotinamide coenzymes was found in erythrocytes. Deficiency in vitamins B1, B6 and C was observed more often (5-100%) in children with elevated content of cholesterol as compared with 7-67% of children exhibiting normal level of cholesterol. Optimization of vitamins B and C consumption in children as well as use of any means for correction of these vitamins deficiency are discussed.
Mitigating the impact of increasing impervious surfaces on stormwater runoff by low impact development (LID) is currently being widely promoted at site and local scales. In turn, the series of ...distributed LID implementations may produce cumulative effects and benefit stormwater management at larger, regional scales. However, the potential of multiple LID implementations to mitigate the broad-scale impacts of urban stormwater is not yet fully understood, particularly among different design strategies to reduce directly connected impervious areas (DCIA). In this study, the hydrological responses of stormwater runoff characteristics to four different land use conversion scenarios at the city scale were explored using GIS-based Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). Model simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of LID controls; however, they also indicated that even with the most beneficial scenarios hydrological performance of developed areas was still not yet up to the pre-development level, especially where there were pronounced changes from pervious to impervious land.
•Hydrological responses to changes in land use, LID controls and DCIA were captured by GIS-based SWMM at a district scale.•An optimization pattern of the future urban growth is suggested by considering the LID controls and the DCIA.•Addition of spatial improvement design using LIDs had a substantial positive effect on reducing stormwater flow.
The study of glass components influence on the physical and chemical properties of As–S–Se–I glasses has the potential to help design glasses with the required properties. A change of certain glass ...properties upon the introduction of selenium into AsSI glass was demonstrated. Non-stoichiometric compounds along the As2S3-AsI3-Se diagram section were investigated by differential thermal analysis, ultrasonic measurements, dilatometric measurements. It has been shown that the introduction of selenium decreases the glass solubility in water. Change in the glass properties with the change in the short-range structure studied by Raman spectroscopy was shown. These glasses can be used for creation of immersion lenses and optical adhesives which change radiation characteristics of mid-IR LEDs.
Algal blooms have become major public health and ecosystem vitality concerns globally. The prevalence of blooms has increased due to warming water and additional nutrient inputs into aquatic systems. ...In response, various remotely-sensed methods of detection, analysis, and forecasting have been developed. Satellite imaging has proven successful in the identification of various inland and coastal blooms at large spatial and temporal scales, and airborne platforms offer higher spatial and often spectral resolution at targeted temporal frequencies. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently emerged as another tool for algal bloom detection, providing users with on-demand high spatial and temporal resolution at lower costs. However, due to the challenges of processing images of water, payload costs and limitations, and a lack of standardized methods, UAV-based algal bloom studies have not gained critical traction. This literature review explores the current state of this field, and highlights opportunities that could promote its growth. By understanding the technical parameters required to identify algal blooms with airborne platforms, and comparing these capabilities to current UAV technology, such knowledge will assist managers, researchers, and public health officials in utilizing UAVs to monitor and predict blooms at greater spatial and temporal precision, reducing exposure to potentially toxic events.
Urban areas globally are vulnerable to warming climate trends exacerbated by their growing populations and heat island effects. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) typology has become a popular framework ...for characterizing urban microclimates in different regions using various classification methods, including a widely adopted pixel-based protocol by the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) Project. However, few studies to date have explored the potential of object-based image analysis (OBIA) to facilitate classification of LCZs given their inherent complexity, and few studies have further used the LCZ framework to analyze land cover changes in urban areas over time. This study classified LCZs in the Salt Lake Metro Region, Utah, USA for 1993 and 2017 using a supervised object-based analysis of Landsat satellite imagery and assessed their change during this time frame. The overall accuracy, measured for the most recent classification period (2017), was equal to 64% across 12 LCZs, with most of the error resulting from similarities among highly developed LCZs and non-developed classes with sparse or low-stature vegetation. The observed 1993–2017 changes in LCZs indicated a regional tendency towards primarily suburban, open low-rise development, and large low-rise and paved classes. However, despite the potential for local cooling with landscape transitions likely to increase vegetation cover and irrigation compared to pre-development conditions, summer averages of Landsat-derived top-of-atmosphere brightness temperatures showed a pronounced warming between 1992–1994 and 2016–2018 across the study region, with a 0.1–2.9 °C increase among individual LCZs. Our results indicate that future applications of LCZs towards urban change analyses should develop a stronger understanding of LCZ microclimate sensitivity to changes in size and configuration of urban neighborhoods and regions. Furthermore, while OBIA is promising for capturing the heterogeneous and multi-scale nature of LCZs, its applications could be strengthened by adopting more generalizable approaches for LCZ-relevant segmentation and validation, and by incorporating active remote sensing data to account for the 3D complexity of urban areas.
The goal of this article consists in assessment of possibilities of using board games in the process of learning foreign languages. The object of this research is gamification in learning foreign ...languages, the subject is the educational potential of board games in teaching foreign languages to adolescents and adults. The relevance of this work lies in finding the new forms of integration of educational process and practical activity. The author notes an important advantage of communication in foreign language during the game over other forms of educational communication in shifting the focus of students' attention and perception of foreign language as an instrument for achieving the goals of the game, rather than an end in itself. Special attention is given to variability of implementation of each game and ways of adapting to the educational goals, level of attainment, and allocated time. Based on the general scientific methods, such as literature searches, analysis and synthesis, classification, as well as empirical methods, such as experiment, observation and comparison, the author provides methodological substantiation and review of the eight board games; seven of them are intended for learning any foreign language, not Spanish alone, which is taken as an example in this research. The article carries out classification of board games and gives comparative characteristic of the two types of games used in the educational process. The acquired results are of a practical nature and can be applied in teaching foreign languages on any level or stage of education. All methodologies were tested in learning Spanish language at the university in non-linguistic specialties, and demonstrated high effectiveness.
A vitamin status was studied in 32 children of both sexes at the age of 9-15 years with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus within 2-3 years. The adequate consumption of all the vitamins studied was ...found only in two children. Polyhypovitaminosis was detected in 19% of these children. Deterioration of riboflavin metabolism observed was manifest, as a decrease in the vitamin content in tissues in line with an increase in its excretion with urine. As a result of this impairment metabolism of vitamins B6 and PP was disturbed with development of these vitamins secondary deficiency of the non-alimentary type. Obligatory correction of the water soluble vitamin deficiency in the patients with diabetes mellitus is discussed.
In the study of frustrated quantum magnets, it is essential to be able to control the nature and degree of site disorder during the growth process, as many measurement techniques are incapable of ...distinguishing between site disorder and frustration-induced spin disorder. Pyrochlore-structured spinel oxides can serve as model systems of geometrically frustrated three-dimensional quantum magnets; however, the nature of the magnetism in one well-studied spinel, ZnFe
2
O
4
, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate simultaneous control of both stoichiometry and inversion disorder in the growth of ZnFe
2
O
4
single crystals, directly yielding a revised understanding of both the collective spin behavior and lattice symmetry. Crystals grown in the stoichiometric limit with minimal site inversion disorder contravene all the previously suggested exotic spin phases in ZnFe
2
O
4
. Furthermore, the structure is confirmed on the
F
4
¯
3
m
space group with broken inversion symmetry that induces antiferroelectricity. The effective tuning of magnetic behavior by site disorder in the presence of robust antiferroelectricity makes ZnFe
2
O
4
of special interest to multiferroic devices.
PDF
