Purpose
To analyse the evolution of the oral health of 4-year-old children in nursery school between 2001 and 2018 as well as the early predictor and associated risk factors, in different school ...areas.
Methods
We compared (1) the prevalence of ECC (4
≥
dmft ≥ 1) and S-ECC (dmft ≥ 5) of 4-year-old children and (2) data obtained by a structured questionnaire completed by their parents from two studies performed in 2001 and 2018. Data were analysed using the Chi2 test and odds ratio (OR).
Results
A total of 322 children and of 425 children randomly selected among Moselle’s public nursery schools in north-eastern France were, respectively, included in the study in 2001 and 2018. The prevalence of ECC was respectively 40.70% and 21.65% in 2001 and 2018 (
p
< 0.001; OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.78–3.47). We also observed a decrease of S-ECC prevalence (10.56% in 2001 vs 5.90% in 2018,
p
< 0.05, OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.07–3.38). The intake of cariogenic food (sweet drink, biscuits, candies, milk, baby bottle) decreased but the knowledge of parents concerning cariogenic food did not improve. The proportion of parents helping their child has not changed in 17 years (82.33% vs 86.52%,
p
> 0.1) but tooth brushing was initiated earlier in 2018 than in 2001 (
p
< 0.01). Prescription of systemic fluoride decreased (39.14% vs 3.62%;
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
The identification of the food consumption habits and the knowledge of parents concerning oral health should enable strengthening of preventive measures and the initiation of an oral health education programme for children and their family.
We present the results of a new search for galaxy-scale strong lensing systems in CFHTLS Wide. Our lens-finding technique involves a preselection of potential lens galaxies, applying simple cuts in ...size and magnitude. We then perform a Principal Component Analysis of the galaxy images, ensuring a clean removal of the light profile. Lensed features are searched for in the residual images using the clustering topometric algorithm DBSCAN. We find 1098 lens candidates that we inspect visually, leading to a cleaned sample of 109 new lens candidates. Using realistic image simulations we estimate the completeness of our sample and show that it is independent of source surface brightness, Einstein ring size (image separation) or lens redshift. We compare the properties of our sample to previous lens searches in CFHTLS. Including the present search, the total number of lenses found in CFHTLS amounts to 678, which corresponds to ∼4 lenses per square degree down to i(AB) = 24.8. This is equivalent to ∼60.000 lenses in total in a survey as wide as Euclid, but at the CFHTLS resolution and depth.
Early childhood caries is a chronic disease that affects a child's general state of health. The question of a link between primary tooth caries and breastfeeding has been addressed for many years, ...with contradictory results. The concomitant decay of primary teeth, effective establishment, or not, of oral hygiene, and alimentary diversification away from breastfeeding are all confounding factors in this topic. The aim of our study was to analyze the links between breastfeeding and the appearance of caries, as described in the scientific literature and in the recommendations of specialist societies.
A review of publications written in English and French was carried out, searching for the terms early childhood caries, decay and breastfeeding, focusing on literature reviews and meta-analyses dating from the past 10 years. The PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (NBCI) was used. Furthermore, a review of specialist dental and pediatric societies was conducted.
Breastfeeding until the age of 1 year is not associated with an increased risk of dental caries, and may even provide protection compared with feeding with formula milk. By contrast, infants who are breastfed beyond the age of 12 months demonstrate an increased risk of caries. However, the results derive from heterogeneous studies that do not always take into account contradictory factors such as eating habits of the mother or infant (feeding during the night, number of meals per day, eating sweet foods etc.), dental hygiene, or the sociocultural context. Moreover, the most recent recommendations of pediatric and dental societies advise breastfeeding until the age of 2 years, suggesting that this be accompanied by toothbrushing and better nutrition by reducing the frequency and consumption of sugary foods, aimed at helping parents choose prolonged breastfeeding.
Extended breastfeeding is a protective factor for childhood caries under 1 year of age. Beyond 1 year, it is difficult to conclude between protection and aggravation of caries because of the multiplicity of confounding factors such as dietary patterns, which vary depending on countries and families, and problems of oral hygiene. In practical terms, when breastfeeding continues beyond 1 year, consultation with a dentist is necessary for examination and preventive advice regarding dietary practices (especially sugar intake), oral hygiene, or supplementary fluoride.
The predictive value of pre‐implantation biopsies versus clinical scores has not been studied extensively in marginal donors. Pre‐implantation biopsies were performed in 313 kidneys from donors that ...were ≥ 50 years of age (training set, n = 191; validation set, n = 122). The value of the donor clinical parameters and histological results in predicting 1‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <25 mL/min/1.73 m2 was retrospectively evaluated. In multivariate analysis, the only clinical parameters associated with low eGFR were donor hypertension and a serum creatinine level ≥150 μmol/L before organ recovery. Clinical scores (Nyberg and Pessione) were not significantly associated with graft function. Regarding histological parameters, univariate analysis showed that glomerulosclerosis (GS) (p = 0.02), arteriolar hyalinosis (p = 0.03) and the Pirani (p = 0.02) and chronic allograft damage index (CADI) (p = 0.04) histological scores were associated with low eGFR. The highest performance in predicting low eGFR was achieved using a composite score that included donor serum creatinine (≥150 μmol/L or <150 μmol/L), donor hypertension and GS (≥10% or <10%). The validation set confirmed the critical importance of taking into account biopsy and clinical parameters during marginal donor evaluation. In conclusion, clinical scores are weak predictors of graft outcomes with marginal donors. Instead, a simple and convenient composite score strongly predicts graft function and survival and may facilitate optimal allocation of marginal donors.
In pre‐transplant biopsies obtained from 313 marginal donors (≥50 years old), clinical scores were weak predictors of graft outcomes, but a clinico‐pathological composite score including donor serum creatinine, donor hypertension and global glomerulosclerosis was able to predict low eGFR (<25 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 1 year. See editorial by Mengel in this issue on page 2181.
Background
Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) can trigger a number of negative consequences, including pain, chewing difficulties, insufficient physical development and low academic performance. ...Therefore, ECC impacts the oral health-related to quality of life. That is why it is important to assess the ECC prevalence and to determine the associated risk factors.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early predictor factors and dental caries among 4-year-old French children, considering the socioeconomic factors, dietary and oral hygiene practices, the access and the follow-up by paediatric dentist.
Design
The study was a cross-sectional observation. A random sample of 4-year-old children was selected among 596 Moselle’s public nursery schools in north-eastern France. Data were gathered from clinical dental examinations and a structured questionnaire completed by parents.
Results
In total, 425 subjects with completed questionnaires and clinical examinations were included. The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC (Severe-ECC), including only cavitated lesions, d3mft, were 15.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression modelling identified four main factors associated with a high risk of ECC that were sweet intake (adjusted odds ratio OR
adjusted
= 3.43, 95% CI = 1.57–7.53), brushing habits (OR
adjusted
= 2.25, 95% CI = 1.23–4.21), childcare arrangement (OR
adjusted
= 2.27, 95% CI = 1.23–4.21) and maternal educational level (OR
adjusted
= 1.87, 95% CI = 1.06–3.31). These four factors have a cumulative effect. Only 4% of children presented teeth restoration.
Conclusions
This study highlighted the impact of the family environment on the oral health status of the preschool children. The identification of the risk factors should allow to strengthen preventive measures and initiate oral health education program for children and their family.
PDF
