Background: Whether the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations affect the gut microbiota and inflammatory status remains ...unclear. We examined the association of dietary adherence scores to the WCRF/AICR with gut microbiota and inflammation in a cross-sectional setting. Methods: The WCRF/AICR diet adherence scores were calculated for 151 participants (adenoma 97, non-adenoma 54) from 7-day dietary records. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers in both blood (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, IgA, IgM, and IgG) and fecal samples (i.e., FCP) were evaluated in 97 colorectal adenoma patients who had blood samples available. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of individual and total dietary adherence scores with gut microbiota and inflammatory biomarker levels. Results: Participants with higher adherence had lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria (β = −0.041, 95%CI: −0.073, −0.009), Enterobacteriaceae (β = −0.035, 95%CI: −0.067, −0.003), and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae at the genus level (β = −0.029, 95%CI: −0.055, −0.003) compared to those with lower adherence. Plant-based food intake was positively correlated with increased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (β = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.026). Restricting fast food was linked to high abundance of Bacteroidaceae (β = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.040, 0.257) and Bacteroides (β = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.040, 0.257). Limiting sugary drinks was associated with reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae (β = −0.155, 95%CI: −0.292, −0.018). Plant-based food intake (β = −0.251, 95%CI: −0.450, −0.052) and restriction of fast food (β = −0.226, 95%CI: −0.443, −0.008) were associated with reduced IGG levels in men. Alcohol restriction was linked to lower IL-6 (β = −7.095, 95%CI: −11.286, −2.903) and IL-8 (β = −7.965, 95%CI: −14.700, −1.230) levels in women, but with higher IL-6 (β = 0.918, 95%CI: 0.161, 1.675) levels in men. Conclusions: Our findings support the association of adherence to the WCRF/AICR diet with gut microbiota and inflammation. These results need to be validated in additional prospective or interventional studies.
We examined dietary fiber intake for its relevance to Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival in a cohort of CRC patients and a meta-analysis including results from four prospective cohort studies. We ...analyzed 504 CRC patients enrolled in the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study (NFCCS) who were newly diagnosed with CRC between 1999 and 2003. Follow-up for deaths was through April 2010. All participants completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire to evaluate their dietary intakes one year before diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the associations of dietary fiber intake with all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality. In the meta-analysis, we identified prospective cohort studies published between January 1991 and December 2021 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to combine the study-specific hazard ratio (HR) from our original analysis and three other cohorts. In the NFCCS, we found that CRC patients with the second quartile of dietary fiber intake had a 42% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98) and 58% lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.87) compared with those with the lowest quartile. In the meta-analysis, a similar inverse association between dietary fiber and total mortality was detected among CRC patients; each 10 g/day increase in dietary fiber intake was associated with a 16% decreased risk of total mortality. The dose–response meta-analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality, with no sign of a plateau. For CRC-specific mortality, intriguingly, the benefit associated with increasing dietary fiber intake achieved its maximum at approximately 22 g/day, and no further reduction in CRC-specific mortality was observed beyond this intake level. Our results suggest that high dietary fiber intake may be associated with prolonged survival among CRC patients. Our findings add to the sparse literature on the role of dietary fiber in CRC survival.
Background: Paradoxically epidemiological data illustrate a negative relationship between dietary folate intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The occurrence and progression of CRC may be ...influenced by variants in some key enzyme coding genes in the folate metabolic pathway. We investigated the correlation between genetic variants in methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and CRC survival. Methods: This study used data collected from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study. A total of 532 patients diagnosed with CRC for the first time from 1999 to 2003 were enrolled, and their mortality were tracked until April 2010. DNA samples were genotyped by Illumina’s integrated quantum 1 million chip. Cox models were established to assess 33 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MTRR and MTHFR in relation to overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and CRC-specific survival. Results: The MTRR and MTHFR genes were associated with DFS and CRC-specific survival in CRC patients at the gene level. After multiple comparison adjustment, MTRR rs1801394 A (vs. G) allele was associated with increased DFS (p = 0.024), while MTHRT rs3737966 (G vs. A), rs4846049 (T vs. G), rs1476413 (A vs. G), rs1801131 (C vs. A), rs12121543 (A vs. C), rs1801133 (C vs. T), rs4846052 (T vs. C), rs2066471 (A vs. G) and rs7533315 (T vs. C) were related to worse CRC-specific survival. Additionally, significant interactions were seen among pre-diagnostic alcohol consumption with MTRR rs1801394, rs3776467, rs326124, rs162040, and rs3776455, with superior OS associated with those protective variant alleles limited to patients with alcohol consumption under the median. The MTHFR rs3737966 (G vs. A) allele seemed to be detrimental to CRC survival only among subjects with fruit intake below the median. Conclusions: Polymorphic variants in MTRR and MTHFR genes that code for key enzymes for folate metabolism may be associated with survival in patients with CRC. The gene-CRC outcome association seems modulated by alcohol drinking and fruit intake.
Leptin (LEP) is an obesity-associated adipokine associated with tumor cell growth. We examined the relevance of genetic variants of
and leptin receptor (
) to colorectal cancer (CRC) survival by ...using data from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study.
A total of 532 patients newly diagnosed with CRC between 1997 and 2003 were followed up until April 2010. Data on their demographics and lifestyles were collected
questionnaires. Genotyping of blood samples was performed with the Illumina Human Omni-Quad Bead chip. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationships of 35 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in
and
with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and CRC-specific survival.
At the gene level,
was associated with DFS (
= 0.017), and
was associated with both DFS (
= 0.021) and CRC-specific survival (
= 0.013) in patients with CRC. In single-SNP analysis,
rs11763517,
rs9436301, and
rs7602 were associated with DFS after adjustment for multiple testing. The
haplotypes G-C-T (rs7534511-rs9436301-rs1887285) and A-A-G (rs7602-rs970467-rs9436748) were associated with prolonged OS among patients with CRC overall (G-C-T: HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.93; A-A-G: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.91) and those diagnosed with colon cancer (G-C-T: HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34-0.86; A-A-G: HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.83). Similar results were observed for DFS. Moreover, significant interactions were found among
rs7602 (A
G),
rs1171278 (T
. C), red meat intake, and BMI status: the associations between these variants and prolonged DFS were limited to patients with below-median red meat consumption and body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m
.
Polymorphic variations in the
and
genes were associated with survival of patients after CRC diagnosis. The
/
-CRC survival association was modified by participants' red meat intake and BMI.
Objectives: This study examined the dental insurance coverage, dentist visits, self-perceived oral health status, and dental problems among Asian immigrant women of childbearing age in contrast to ...Canadian women of childbearing age and non-Asian immigrant women of childbearing age. Potential barriers to dental care services among Asian immigrant women were explored. Methods: This analysis utilized data from the combined Canadian Community Health Survey from 2011 to 2014. The analytical sample consisted of 5737 females whose age was between 20 and 39 years. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed immigrant status and other factors in relation to the indicators of dental health (i.e., dental visit, self-perceived oral health, acute teeth issue, and teeth removed due to decay). Results: Amongst Asian women immigrants of childbearing age, there was a significantly lower frequency of dentist visits compared to non-immigrant counterparts (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76). The most commonly reported reason for not seeking dental care in the last three years was that the “respondent did not think it was necessary”. Relative to Canadian born women of same age bracket, Asian women of childbearing age reported fewer acute teeth issues (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.91) and had a greater risk of tooth extracted due to tooth decay (OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.64–6.68). Furthermore, for Asian women immigrants, their major barriers to dental care included low household income (≤$39,999 vs. $40,000–$79,999 OR = 0.26) and a lack of dental insurance (no vs. yes OR = 0.33). Conclusions: Asian immigrant women showed lower utilization of dental services than non-immigrant women. A perceived lack of necessity, lower household income, and dental insurance coverage were major barriers to professional dental usage for most Asian immigrants of childbearing age.
To evaluate the immunogenicity, safety and lot-to-lot consistency of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine cultured in bioreactors with different specifications after full immunization.
A ...randomized, double-blind trial was performed in 3,000 children aged 6 ~ 35 months with six vaccine batches, which were prepared in 40 L and 150 L bioreactors for three consecutive batches respectively. Children were immunized on day 0 and 28, serum samples were collected on day 0 and 56, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined by the microcytopathic method. Immediate reactions were recorded within 30 min, local and systemic symptoms were recorded within 0 ~ 28 days, and serious adverse events were recorded within 6 months.
After immunization with two doses of the inactivated EV71 vaccine, the neutralizing antibody GMT was 825.52 ± 4.09, and the positive conversion rate was 96.18%, with no significant difference. The 95% CI of the serum neutralizing antibody GMT ratio between the two groups after immunization with the three vaccine batches produced in the 150 L and 40 L bioreactors ranged from .67 ~ 1.5. The overall incidence of adverse reactions, mainly grade 1 reactions, for all 6 batches from 0 to 28 days after vaccination was 49.62%, with no significant difference (p = .8736). The incidence of systemic adverse reactions, primarily fever and diarrhea, was 45.14%; the incidence of local adverse reactions, primarily erythema and tenderness, was 9.43%.
The EV71 vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe in children aged 6-35 months, and 6 consecutive batches produced by the two bioreactors with different specifications were consistent.
Background: Paradoxically epidemiological data illustrate a negative relationship between dietary folate intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The occurrence and progression of CRC may be ...influenced by variants in some key enzyme coding genes in the folate metabolic pathway. We investigated the correlation between genetic variants in methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and CRC survival. Methods: This study used data collected from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study. A total of 532 patients diagnosed with CRC for the first time from 1999 to 2003 were enrolled, and their mortality were tracked until April 2010. DNA samples were genotyped by Illumina’s integrated quantum 1 million chip. Cox models were established to assess 33 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MTRR and MTHFR in relation to overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and CRC-specific survival. Results: The MTRR and MTHFR genes were associated with DFS and CRC-specific survival in CRC patients at the gene level. After multiple comparison adjustment, MTRR rs1801394 A (vs. G) allele was associated with increased DFS (p = 0.024), while MTHRT rs3737966 (G vs. A), rs4846049 (T vs. G), rs1476413 (A vs. G), rs1801131 (C vs. A), rs12121543 (A vs. C), rs1801133 (C vs. T), rs4846052 (T vs. C), rs2066471 (A vs. G) and rs7533315 (T vs. C) were related to worse CRC-specific survival. Additionally, significant interactions were seen among pre-diagnostic alcohol consumption with MTRR rs1801394, rs3776467, rs326124, rs162040, and rs3776455, with superior OS associated with those protective variant alleles limited to patients with alcohol consumption under the median. The MTHFR rs3737966 (G vs. A) allele seemed to be detrimental to CRC survival only among subjects with fruit intake below the median. Conclusions: Polymorphic variants in MTRR and MTHFR genes that code for key enzymes for folate metabolism may be associated with survival in patients with CRC. The gene-CRC outcome association seems modulated by alcohol drinking and fruit intake.
The ex vivo study is to compare the root canal preparation outcomes achieved by five nickel-titanium single-file instrumentation systems (M3-L, Reciproc Blue, V-Taper 2H, WaveOne Gold, XP-endo ...Shaper) in severely curved molar root canals.
A total of 60 root canals were selected from extracted human molar teeth with curvatures ranging from 25° to 50° and divided into five groups based on the instrumentation system employed (n = 12). Before and after root canal preparation, a Micro-CT scan was taken, and pre- and post-operative data were analyzed to evaluate the following parameters: volume increment of root canals (VI), untouched root canal areas (UTA), and canal transportation (CT). Apically extruded debris (AD) was collected during preparation. After that, all samples were separated into two parts and examined respectively by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess cleaning ability. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA (UTA, AD, VI) or Kruskal-Wallis test (CT, SEM-score), the level of significance was set at α = 0.05.
There were no significant differences between the five systems regarding the AD, VI, and UTA parameters (P > 0.05). In terms of CT, no significant difference was noted at the straight section of canal and apical levels, while XP-endo Shaper showed less canal transportation than M3-L at the level of curved vertex (P < 0.05), and the centering ability of V-Taper 2H was significantly better than WaveOne Gold at the initial point of bending (P < 0.05). Debris and smear layers were present on the canal walls of all specimens, the apical thirds of the canal presented higher SEM scores than the coronal thirds in all groups (P < 0.05). Reciproc Blue and XP-endo Shaper showed fewer smear scores than WaveOne Gold in the apical thirds (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), and no statistical difference was found between other groups in the middle and coronal thirds.
The five single-file systems evaluated performed equally in apically debris extrusion, dentin removal, and untouched root canal areas, while XP-endo Shaper and V-Taper 2H resulted in less canal transportation compared to M3-L and WaveOne Gold. Regarding cleaning ability, Reciproc Blue and XP-endo Shaper were associated with less smear layer than WaveOne Gold in the apical thirds.
Soil microbial functional potential is important for productivity and sustainable agricultural development; however, the potential response of soil nutrient cycling to different fertilisation regimes ...remains unclear, especially in perennial tree soils. Here, metagenomic sequencing was applied to investigate the soil microbial functional profiles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling after seven years of chemical, organic, and biofertiliser fertilisation in walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchard. Microbial communities balanced their elemental requirements through selective degradation. The highest relative abundance of genes for labile C-degradation (amyA, malZ, and xylH) was found under chemical fertilisation (F), whereas the metabolic potential for soil N and P cycling was less affected by F. Compared with CK and F, the addition of organic and/or biofertiliser significantly reduced the relative abundances of labile and recalcitrant C-degradation genes (e.g., chi, and xylH) but promoted the processes of N degradation (GDH1, GDH2, ureA, glnA, and arcC), DNRA (nrfA, napB, and napC), organic P mineralisation (phy), P solubilisation (gcd), and P uptake and transport (phnD) in walnut soils. At the phylum level, most C, N, and P cycle-related microbes were similar, and applying biofertiliser remarkably improved the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes involved in C, N, and P cycling processes. Furthermore, soil TN and AP were key limiting macronutrients for regulating the pathways of soil C, N, and P cycles and microbial taxa. C, N, and P cycle-related genes were tightly coupled through synergetic or antagonistic interactions, especially metabolic pathways encoded by glnA, mmsA, phy, and appA. Overall, our results provide a biological perspective on the microbial genetic potential of soil C, N, and P cycles in perennial crops and explore their interactions under different long-term fertilisation regimes in a walnut orchard.
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•The effect of fertilisation was stronger for the C cycle in soil than for the N and P cycles in walnut orchards.•Organic fertiliser or biofertiliser boosted the conversion and cycling of C, N, and P.•TN and AP were the most important environmental factors in regulating C, N, and P cycles.•C, N, and P cycles were tightly coupled, and N and P reactions were essential for C cycling.
Although various combinations of organic-inorganic fertilizers can enhance plant yields, the effects of different fertilization regimes on the associations between rhizosphere soil microorganisms and ...plant productivity are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the rhizosphere soil microbial composition and structure and the relationships among rhizospheric microorganisms, soil properties, and yield in a walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchard after 7 years of applying different fertilization regimes. The combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers were found to enhance walnut yield, soil quality index (SQI), and soil biodiversity (bacterial and fungal) (P < 0.05). The soil microbial community composition and co-occurrence networks of rhizosphere soil (RS) and bulk soil (BS) showed different responses to fertilization. Bacillus and Pseudomonas were mainly enriched in RS, whereas Fusarium was significantly more abundant in BS (P < 0.05) under a combined chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and biofertilizer treatment (F + O + BO). Network analysis revealed that organic fertilizer and biofertilizer reduced the competition and network complexity among rhizosphere microbial communities (edges: RS = 388, BS = 967; modularity: RS = 0.790, BS = 0.834). Furthermore, SQI, microbial diversity, and network complexity were significantly correlated with walnut yield (P < 0.01), among which SQI explained the highest proportion of the variation in yield (SOI: RS = 78.02%; BS = 81.18%). In addition, both yields and soil microbial community composition were significantly affected by pH, SOM, TN, and SMBN. Collectively, these findings have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between woody plants and rhizospheric microorganisms.
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