In this paper, we consider the nonnegative tensor least squares problem, which arises in the color image restoration. Based on the BB stepsize technique, we design a nonmonotonic descent stepsize and ...then derive a new gradient projection algorithm to solve this problem. The convergence analysis of the new gradient projected algorithm is given. Some numerical examples show that the new method is feasible and effective. Especially, some simulation experiments in the color image restoration problems illustrate that our algorithm is more effective than the existed algorithms.
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) tend to exhibit tumor-promoting M2 phenotype and contribute to the development of immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors. Reprograming TAMs from M2 ...into tumoricidal M1 phenotype is robust for stimulating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). In this study, we developed a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) derivative dendrimer (denoted as fourth generation-
N,N
-diethylaminoethyl (G4-DEEA)) for efficient loading of Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist (R848) to remodel the TIME for potent cancer immunotherapy. G4-DEEA exhibited a high loading capacity of R848 up to 35.9 wt% by taking advantage of its dendritic structure. The resulting formulation (designated as G4-DEEA@R848) effectively polarized M2 macrophages into M1 phenotype
in vitro
, and improved the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells. In the 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model, G4-DEEA@R848 showed a stronger tumor inhibitory effect than free drug. The mechanistic studies suggested that G4-DEEA@R848 could significantly stimulate the TIME by repolarizing TAMs into M1 phenotype, reducing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and increasing the infiltration of tumor cytotoxic T cells. This study provides a simple but effective dendrimer-based strategy to improve the formulation of R848 for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Meta-aramid insulating paper, comprising precipitated fibers as the matrix and chopped fibers as the reinforcing skeleton, exhibits tremendous potential as a next-generation insulating material in ...high voltage systems. However, its insulating performance is hampered by severe interface defects, thus limiting its industrial applications. To address this issue, an interface modification method is proposed based on the tunable electrical polarity of chopped fibers, achieved through a practical PDDA treatment, which converts the originally negative potentials of chopped fibers in pulp water to a positive state. As a result, a compact and cross-connected paper structure is formed, wherein the precipitated fibers and chopped fibers exhibit opposite electrical polarities, promoting strong inter-molecular attraction and significantly reducing interface defects. We systematically investigate the electrical insulation and mechanical tensile properties of the modified papers, demonstrating remarkable improvements of up to 31% for breakdown strength and 35% for tensile strength. In addition, molecular simulations reveal enhanced compatibility at the fiber interface, driven by the modification of electrical polarity. This study presents an effective approach for designing high-performance meta-aramid paper, while also opening up possibilities for interface modification in various fiber-reinforced composite materials.
Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of envelope proteins in viral secondary envelopment. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon remain elusive. To shed ...light on these mechanisms, we investigated a Golgi-retained gD of EHV-1 (gDEHV-1), distinguishing it from its counterparts in Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Pseudorabies Virus (PRV). To unravel the specific sequences responsible for the Golgi retention phenotype, we employed a gene truncation and replacement strategy. The results suggested that Golgi retention signals in gDEHV-1 exhibiting a multi-domain character. The extracellular domain of gDEHV-1 was identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident domain, the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (TM-CT) of gDEHV-1 were integral in facilitating the protein's residence within the Golgi complex. Deletion or replacement of either of these dual domains consistently resulted in the mutant gDEHV-1 being retained in an ER-like structure. Moreover, (TM-CT)EHV-1 demonstrated a preference for binding to endomembranes, inducing the generation of a substantial number of vesicles, potentially originate from the Golgi complex or the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the Golgi retention of gDEHV-1, facilitating the comprehension of the processes underlying viral secondary envelopment.
•(1)Golgi-retention of gDEHV-1 is cell type independent phenotype.•Golgi-retention of gDEHV-1 is different from that encoded by HSV-1 and PRV.•Golgi-retention should rely on the vesicle formation regulated by gDEHV-1.
The AP2/ERF family is a large family of transcription factors (TFs) in higher plants that plays a central role in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. Here, 209 AP2/ERF ...family members were identified in celery based on genomic and transcriptomic data. The TFs were classified into four subfamilies (i.e., DREB, ERF, RAV, and AP2) and Soloist. Evolution analysis indicated that the AP2/ERF TFs are ancient molecules and have expanded in the long-term evolution process of plants and whole-genome duplication events. AgAP2/ERF proteins may be associated with multiple biological processes as predicted by the interaction network. The expression profiles and sequence alignment analysis of the TFs in the DREB-A1 group showed that eight genes could be divided into four branches. Two genes, AgDREB1 and AgDREB2, from the DREB-A1 group were selected for further analysis. Subcellular localization assay suggested that the two proteins are nuclear proteins. Yeast one hybrid assay demonstrated that the two proteins could bind to the dehydration-responsive element (DRE). The overexpression of AgDREB1 and AgDREB2 in Arabidopsis induced the increased tolerance to cold treatment and the up-regulation of the COR genes expression. AgDREB1 and AgDREB2 might function as transcriptional activators in regulating the downstream genes by binding to corresponding DRE to enhance stress tolerance in celery.
Anthocyanins are involved in tissue coloration and stress response in plants. Foods containing high anthocyanin content are also beneficial to human health. Purple celery accumulated amounts of ...anthocyanins in the petioles. The biosynthesis of anthocyanin in plants is mainly regulated by the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF). However, the R2R3-MYB TF that controls anthocyanin accumulation in purple celery remains unclear. In this study, an R2R3-MYB TF gene, AgMYB2, was cloned from purple celery and characterized as anthocyanin biosynthetic regulator. Sequence analysis indicated that AgMYB2 contained highly conserved R2R3 domain and two anthocyanin characteristic motifs, ANDV motif and KPRPR S/T F motif. The relative expression level of AgMYB2 in purple celery was significantly higher than that in non-purple celery at three developmental stages. Heterologous expression of AgMYB2 in Arabidopsis generated more anthocyanins and resulted in dark-purple leaves and flowers. The expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the antioxidant activity of transgenic Arabidopsis carrying AgMYB2 were up-regulated. The determination of anthocyanin glycosylation activity of Arabidopsis crude enzyme verified the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory function of AgMYB2 at the protein level. The interaction between AgMYB2 and bHLH proteins was shown by yeast two-hybrid assay. The results will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple celery and provide an approach for cultivating plants with high anthocyanin content.
Key message
Overexpression of
AgMYB12
in celery improved the accumulation of apigenin by interacting with the
AgFNS
gene.
Celery is a common vegetable, and its essential characteristic is ...medicine food homology. A natural flavonoid and a major pharmacological component in celery, apigenin plays an important role in human health. In this study, we isolated a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor that regulates apigenin accumulation from the celery cultivar ‘Jinnan Shiqin’ through yeast one-hybrid screening and designated it as AgMYB12. The AgMYB12 protein was located in the nucleus. It showed transcriptional activation activity and bound specifically to the promoter of
AgFNS
, a gene involved in apigenin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that AgMYB12 belongs to the flavonoid branch. It contains two flavonoid-related motifs, SG7 and SG7-2, and shared a highly conserved R2R3 domain with flavonoid-related MYBs. The homologous overexpression of
AgMYB12
induced the up-regulation of
AgFNS
gene expression and accumulation of apigenin and luteolin in celery. Additionally, the expression levels of apigenin biosynthesis-related genes, including
AgPAL
,
AgCHI
,
AgCHS
,
Ag4CL
, and
AgC4H
, increased in transgenic celery plants. These results indicated that AgMYB12 acted as a positive regulator of apigenin biosynthesis and activated the expression of
AgFNS
gene. The current study provides new information about the regulation mechanism of apigenin metabolism in celery and offers a strategy for cultivating the plants with high apigenin content.
PMIA (Poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide) is an ideal substitute for traditional cellulose paper in oil-immersed paper insulating scenarios. This paper studies the partial discharge characteristics of ...oil-immersed laminated PMIA. According to the \mathrm{q}{-}\varphi scatter diagram, discharge quantity and discharge phenomenon, the partial discharge process of PMIA is divided into 3 stages: creeping discharge, co-existence discharge and pre-breakdown. The micro-structure and chemical components of damaged PMIA are presented. The carbon trace, functional groups, carrier trap characteristics and residual insulation strength in different stages of partial discharge are studied. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of PMIA in electrical insulation.
Abstract
Water dropwort (Liyang Baiqin,
Oenanthe javanica
(BI.) DC.) is an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family with abundant protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It usually ...grows in wet soils and can even grow in water. Here, whole-genome sequencing of
O. javanica
via HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology was reported for the first time. The genome size was 1.28 Gb, including 42,270 genes, of which 93.92% could be functionally annotated. An online database of the whole-genome sequences of water dropwort, Water dropwortDB, was established to share the results and facilitate further research on
O. javanica
(database homepage:
http://apiaceae.njau.edu.cn/waterdropwortdb
). Water dropwortDB offers whole-genome and transcriptome sequences and a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Comparative analysis with other species showed that the evolutionary relationship between
O. javanica
and
Daucus carota
was the closest. Twenty-five gene families of
O. javanica
were found to be expanded, and some genetic factors (such as genes and miRNAs) related to phenotypic and anatomic differentiation in
O. javanica
under different water conditions were further investigated. Two miRNA and target gene pairs (miR408 and
Oja15472
, miR171 and
Oja47040
) were remarkably regulated by water stress. The obtained reference genome of
O. javanica
provides important information for future work, thus making in-depth genetic breeding and gene editing possible. The present study also provides a foundation for the understanding of the
O. javanica
response to water stress, including morphological, anatomical, and genetic differentiation.
Tubular solid oxide fuel cells were fabricated and evaluated for their microstructure and electrochemical performance. The tubular substrate was prepared by casting NiO-Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ...slurry on the inner wall of a plastic mold (tube). The wall thickness and uniformity were controlled by slurry viscosity and rotation speed of the tube. The cells consisted of Ni-YSZ functional anode, YSZ electrolyte and (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO(3-δ) (LSM)-YSZ cathode prepared in sequence on the substrate by dip-coating and sintering. Their dimension was 50 mm in length, 0.8 mm in thickness and 10.5 mm in outside diameter. The peak power density of the cell at temperatures between 650 and 850°C was in the range from 85 to 522 mW cm(-2) and was greatly enhanced to the range from 308 to 1220 mW cm(-2) by impregnating PdO into LSM-YSZ cathode. During a cell testing at 0.7 A cm(-2) and 750°C for 282 h, the impregnated PdO particles grew by coalescence, which increased the cathode polarization resistance and so that decreased the cell performance. According to the degradation tendency, the cell performance will be stabilized in a longer run.
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