Bioactive compounds from plant extracts can be sensitive to extraction conditions, especially at high temperatures, so extraction techniques that use milder processing conditions are intensively ...studied and applied. Among these techniques, extraction with pressurized liquids (PLE) stands out as an efficient method widely used to obtain biocompounds of interest. In this work, the objective was to prepare extracts of
M. pulegium
,
E. giganteum
and
S
.
cordifolia
using pressurized liquids, water, ethanol and hydroethanolic solution and to evaluate yield, phenols and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity by radical scavenging method and antimicrobial capacity of the extracts, as well as modeling the kinetic extraction curves, using the Weibull and power law models. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of
M. pulegium
showed the best yield, 40.89 and 35.09%, respectively. Weibull model was fitted to experimental kinetic curves of extraction. Hydroethanolic extract of
M. pulegium
showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds (323.46 mgGA/g). However, for flavonoids it was ethanolic extract of
E. giganteum
(291.14 mgQE/g). Antioxidant activity was better for ethanolic extract of
M. pulegium
(0.02 mg/mL). As for minimum inhibitory concentration, the lowest concentration was found for ethanolic extract of
M. pulegium
, with a value of 0.63 mg/mL, for the bacteria tested.
Since large amounts of sodium nitrite (NaNO
2
) are reduced during the shelf life of meat products, and given the difficulty in maintaining its stability in these products, the use of encapsulation ...techniques increases the action time of this additive to guarantee food safety. Thus, since NaNO
2
is a mandatory food additive in mortadella formulations, the objective of the study was to evaluate different wall materials for the microencapsulation of NaNO
2
in a spray dryer for further evaluation and monitoring of the agent encapsulated in mortadella during 60 days of storage at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The spray drying process was performed via atomization, testing 4 different compositions using porcine collagen, gum arabic (GA), and maltodextrin (MD) with NaNO
2
. The 10% GA + NaNO
2
and 5% GA + 5% MD + NaNO
2
samples had encapsulated NaNO
2
yields of 46% and 42% (w/w), respectively. The application of microencapsulated materials on mortadella gave the product a better stability in the NaNO
2
reduction reaction, remaining until the 50th day with NaNO
2
residues above 50 mg/kg, while the control sample reached this level after 30 days of shelf life. Therefore, the application of NaNO
2
capsules in mortadella can be an alternative for promotion of physicochemical and microbiological stability and is of fundamental importance for industrial applications.
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This study aimed to present a literature review about the characteristics, applications, and potential of avocado (Persea americana). Avocado is considered one of the main tropical fruits, as it ...contains fat-soluble vitamins which are less common in other fruits, besides high levels of protein, potassium and unsaturated fatty acids. Avocado pulp contains variable oil content, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, and in the production of commercial oils similar to olive oil. This fruit has been recognized for its health benefits, especially due to the compounds present in the lipidic fraction, such as omega fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. Studies have shown the benefits of avocado associated to a balanced diet, especially in reducing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases. The processed avocado pulp is an alternative to utilize fruits, which can be used in various value-added food products. Fluid extract of the avocado leaves is widely used in pharmaceutical products, mainly due to the diuretic characteristic of the present compounds in plant leaves. With the increasing research supporting the nutritional characteristics and benefits of avocado, the tendency is to increase the production and exploitation of this raw material in Brazil, as also observed in other countries.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre as características, aplicações e potencialidades do abacate (Persea americana). O abacate é considerado um dos principais frutos tropicais, pois possui as vitaminas lipossolúveis que, em geral, são deficientes nas outras frutas. Além destas, contém proteínas e elevados teores de potássio e ácidos graxos insaturados. Apresenta quantidade variável de óleo na polpa, sendo esta vastamente utilizada nas indústrias farmacêutica e de cosméticos, e na obtenção de óleos comerciais similares ao azeite de oliva. Esse fruto tem sido reconhecido por seus benefícios à saúde, especialmente em função dos compostos presentes na fração lipídica, como ácidos graxos ômega, fitoesterois, tocoferois e esqualeno. Estudos têm demonstrado os benefícios do abacate associado a uma dieta balanceada, principalmente, na redução do colesterol e na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. A polpa do abacate na forma processada é uma alternativa para aproveitar os frutos, passível de ser utilizada em diversos produtos alimentícios de maior valor agregado. O extrato fluido das folhas do abacateiro é muito utilizado em produtos farmacêuticos, principalmente, pelo caráter diurético de compostos presentes nas folhas da planta. Com o aumento das pesquisas que comprovam as características nutricionais e os benefícios do abacate, a tendência é aumentar a produção e exploração dessa matéria-prima no Brasil, como já acontece em outros países.
Hop essential oil (HEO), extracted from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), is a pivotal player in the brewing industry and presents diverse opportunities across various products. This article aims ...to underscore the uniqueness of HEO, emphasizing not only its critical role in beer production but also its aromatic and functional properties that extend beyond the brewing sector. In contrast to similar articles, this review goes beyond the traditional application of HEO in brewing and highlights its emerging role in diverse sectors such as aromatherapy, personal care products, and the food industry. The array of aromatic profiles from different hop varieties allows breweries to innovate and create a wide spectrum of unique flavors and aromas, offering a distinctive approach in the brewing landscape. The significance of this manuscript lies in addressing the increasing demand for natural and aromatic products, propelling the growth of the HEO market.
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•Hop essential oil enriches beer aroma, flavor, stability.•Hop essential oil market expansion spurs new applications.•The majority of patents (46.5 %) refer to pharmaceutical applications of hop essential oil.•Hop essential oil is used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feed.
Compounds derived from plant extracts, such as those from the fruits and leaves of Melia azedarach Linn (chinaberry tree), which contain azadirachtin, have been utilized for crop pest control. ...However, these natural compounds are susceptible to degradation during extraction and in field conditions. To address this, extraction processes involving supercritical fluid and microencapsulation via spray drying may be employed to obtain and preserve biopesticidal molecules. This study focuses on producing a biopesticide from M. azedarach L. fruit extract using supercritical CO2, and microencapsulation via spray drying with a blend of cheese whey and gum Arabic. The extract was obtained from chinaberry fruits rich in azadirachtin (736.92 μg/L) using supercritical CO2 at 250 bar and 50 °C for 120 min, with a yield of 3.44%. The extract was then encapsulated using cheese whey and gum Arabic (70:30) as encapsulating agents at extract:encapsulating agents ratios of 1:10 and 1:15. Mortality rates of Tetranychus urticae Koch adult females and their eggs, in contact and residual assays with both non-encapsulated and encapsulated extract, did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) from the commercial acaricide abamectin. This study introduces a potential new biopesticide that utilizes chinaberry extract obtained through supercritical CO2 extraction and encapsulation for industrial scale-up studies, and this approach holds promise for the production of an effective biopesticide for crops affected by two-spotted spider mites.
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•Chinaberry extract has acaricidal activities against Tetranychus urticae.•Supercritical fluid might be used to obtain molecules used as biopesticide.•Chinaberry extract was encapsulated by spray drying in cheese whey and gum Arabic.•Encapsulation of chinaberry extract promoted the photoprotection of azadirachtin.
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•Hydrodistillation and subcritical CO2 extraction influence the chemical composition.•Different extraction yields were obtained from the four hop varieties.•Hydrodistillation obtained ...sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons as the main constituents.•Subcritical CO2 extraction presents oxygenated and non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes.
Hop essential oil and hop extract using carbon dioxide (CO2) are products with high added value because they have bioactive and sensory properties. In this context, the objective of this study was to obtain and characterize essential oil and extracts from pelleted hops of El Dorado, Polaris, Hallertau Blanc and Callista varieties using hydrodistillation and subcritical CO2 extraction methods. Extraction yield ranged from 0.38 % to 1.97 % (m/m) for essential oils and from 8.76 % to 15.35 % (m/m) for extracts using subcritical CO2. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were mainly monoterpene (18.14 % to 29.91 %) and sesquiterpene (46.01 % to 59.03 %) hydrocarbons and for the extracts were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.05 % to 71.90 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (14.80 % to 34.89 %). The extracts showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils due to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Hop extracts showed some antimicrobial activity, but essential oils did not demonstrate antimicrobial potential. Hop extracts obtained with subCO2 have the potential to be used in the brewing industry as a flavoring and as natural antioxidants.
Hop essential oil (EO) generates interest for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, in addition to the volatile compounds that are responsible for the hop aroma in beer. Thus, the objective ...of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, EO yield, and antibacterial activity of hop essential oil from hops of the Chinook variety against lactic acid bacteria (
Lactobacillus brevis
and
Lactobacillus casei
) at different times of extraction. EO extraction was performed by hydrodistillation at different times. By analyzing the chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The major compounds of hop EO were α-humulene, β-myrcene, and β-caryophyllene, and the extraction yields were 0.67, 0.78, and 0.85% mass of EO per mass of hops pelletized hops (m/m), for extractions of 90, 180, and 300 min, respectively. The EO obtained in 90 min was efficient against
L. casei
at 2.5 mg/mL (MIC) and 5.0 mg/mL (MBC), and the 300 min one against
L. brevis
at 2.5 mg/mL (MIC) and 25 mg/mL (MBC). The antibacterial activity was affected by the chemical makeup of the oil, revealing that the hop EO extracted in 300 min was the most efficient among the other extraction times.
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