Green's functions for Rossby waves in an azimuthal wind are obtained, in which the stream-function
depends on r,
and t, where r is cylindrical radius and
is the azimuthal angle in the
-plane relative ...to the easterly direction, in which the x-axis points east and the y-axis points north. The Rossby wave Green's function with no wind is obtained using Fourier transform methods, and is related to the previously known Green's function obtained for this case, which has a different but equivalent form to the Green's function obtained in the present paper. We emphasise the role of the wave eikonal solution, which plays an important role in the form of the solution. The corresponding Green's function for a rotating wind with azimuthal wind velocity
(
const.) is also obtained by Fourier methods, in which the advective rotation operator in position space is transformed to a rotation operator in
transform space. The finite Rossby deformation radius is included in the analysis. The physical characteristics of the Green's functions are delineated and applications are discussed. In the limit as
, the rotating wind Green's function reduces to the Rossby wave Green function with no wind.
The propagation properties of Rossby waves in zonal and meridional winds are analyzed using the local dispersion relation in its wave number form, the geometry of which plays a crucial role in ...illuminating radiation patterns and ray trajectories. In the presence of a wind/current, the classical Rossby wave number curve, an offset circle, is distorted by the Doppler shift in frequency and a new branch, consisting of a blocking line with an eastward facing indentation, arises from waves convected with or against the flow. The radiation patterns generated by a time harmonic compact source in the laboratory frame are calculated using the method of stationary phase and are illustrated through a series of figures given by the reciprocal polars to the various types of wave number curves. We believe these results are new. Some of these wave patterns are reminiscent of a "reversed" ship wave pattern in which cusps (caustics) arise from the points of inflection of the wave number curves; whilst others bear a resemblance to the parabolic like curves characteristic of the capillary wave pattern formed around an obstacle in a stream. The Rossby stationary wave in a westerly is similar to the gravity wave pattern in a wind, whereas its counterpart in a meridional wind exhibits caustics, again arising from points of inflection in the wavenumber curve.
The Lie symmetry method is applied to derive the point symmetries for the N-dimensional fractional heat equation. We find that the numbers of symmetries and Lie brackets are reduced significantly as ...compared to the integer order for all dimensions. In fact for integer order linear heat equation the number of solution symmetries is equal to the product of the order and space dimension, whereas for the fractional case, it is half of the product on the order and space dimension. The Lie algebras for the integer and fractional order equations are mentioned using the subsequent computations of Lie brackets and by inspection. Interestingly, it is observed that for the one-dimensional fractional heat equation, the Lie algebra obtained by inspection of symmetries is similar to the result obtained by computation of Lie brackets, which is
. The Lie algebra using the symmetries of the two-dimensional heat equation is observed to be
, whereas using the Lie brackets the algebra is deduced to be
. Hence, it can be concluded that the Lie algebra obtained from the nonzero Lie brackets can be conflated to the algebra which is obtained by inspection. Further, the subsequent Lie algebras are mentioned for the three and four-dimensional integer and fractional equations and the conservation laws are explicitly stated.
Although triglycerides (TG) are a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), their exact role is still controversial. Recently, a T/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the apoA5 gene ...at position 1131 has been found that is associated with an increased plasma TG concentration. We investigated the role of this polymorphism in 308 Hungarian patients with CAD referred to coronary bypass surgery, and in 310 controls recruited from the same area. The prevalence of the apoA5-1131C allele was significantly higher among CAD patients than among controls (10.9% versus 5.7%;
P<0.001, Odds ratio (OR) = 1.99 (1.30–3.04)). Controls carrying the rare C allele had in average 23.0% (
P<0.001), subjects with CAD 13.8% (
P<0.001) higher TG levels compared to common allele homozygotes. The polymorphism was not associated with other conventional CAD risk factors or laboratory data of the patients. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, presence of diabetes, BMI, smoking, LDL-C, HDL-C and hypertension a significantly increased risk of developing CAD was found in patients carrying the apoA5-1131C allele (
P<0.001; OR=1.98 (1.14–3.48)), suggesting that this allele variant is an independent genetic risk factor for CAD.
The Helium and Lead Observatory (HALO) is a supernova neutrino detector under development for construction at SNOLAB. It is intended to fulfill a niche as a long term, low cost, high livetime, and ...low maintenance, dedicated supernova detector. It will be constructed from 80 tonnes of lead, from the decommissioning of the Deep River Cosmic Ray Station, and instrumented with approximately 384 meters of 3He neutron detectors from the final phase of the SNO experiment. Charged- and Neutral-Current neutrino interactions in lead expel neutrons from the lead nuclei making a burst of detected neutrons the signature for the detection of a supernova. Existing neutrino detectors are mostly of the water Cerenkov and liquid scintillator types, which are primarily sensitive to electron anti-neutrinos via charged-current interactions on the hydrogen nuclei in these materials. By contrast, the large neutron excess of a heavy nucleus like Pb acts to Pauli-block p⟩n transitions induced by electron anti-neutrinos, making HALO primarily sensitive to electron neutrinos. While any supernova neutrino data would provide an invaluable window into supernova dynamics, the electron neutrino CC channel has interesting sensitivity to particle physics through flavour-swapping and spectral splitting due to MSW-like collective neutrino-neutrino interactions in the core of the supernova, the only place in the universe where there is a sufficient density of neutrinos for this to occur. Such data could provide a test for θ13 ≠ 0 and an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. In addition, the ratio of 1-neutron to 2-neutron events would be a measure of the temperature of the cooling neutron star. For the 80 tonne detector, a supernova at 10 kpc is estimated to produce 43 detected neutrons in the absence of collective ν-ν interactions, and many more in their presence. The high neutrino cross-section and low neutron absorption cross-section of lead, along with the modest cost of lead, makes this technology scalable and a future upgrade, to of order 1 kilotonne, is under active consideration.
Despite clues indicating high Bullying at the Work Place (BWP) rates in French hospitals, there has been no quantitative study so far. To determine the prevalence of repeated BWP in a national sample ...of French young physicians; its risk factors, and the mental health consequences of BWP. The study is a cross-sectional observational epidemiological national study addressed to young physicians. The online internet anonymous questionnaire was elaborated according to previous studies exploring BWP. In addition, we explored the quality of initial training. BWP was defined according to the French legal definition. Mental health was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety and Depression scale, psychotropic drug consumption and psychotherapy follow-up. A Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) was carried out to confirm our theoretical model. 2003 participants of the 37 French medical faculties were included. At least one history of BWP was identified in 41.7% of the participants. The SEM model showed good fit (RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, WRMR = 1.285). In the SEM model, BWP was associated with age and number of monthly night shifts and weekly worked hours. Obstetric gynecology, psychiatry, surgery, and medical specialties and low-quality initial training were associated with higher risk of BWP. BWP was associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, daily antidepressant and anxiolytic consumption, and psychotherapy follow-up. Decreasing worked hours and night shifts and improving the quality of the initial training may help preventing BWP among medical students and young physicians. Obstetric gynecology, surgical and medical specialties, and psychiatry should be targeted with a focus on developing prevention programs.
We report a 53‐year‐old man with lymphoid blast crisis of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia who was treated with STI571, a selective inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of BCR–ABL. He responded ...excellently to STI571 (600 mg/d), obtaining a complete cytogenetic remission after 3 months of therapy. Although remission in the bone marrow was sustained, the patient developed an isolated central nervous system relapse. Subsequent analyses of STI571 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed 2‐log lower CSF levels of STI571 than corresponding plasma levels. These are the first data demonstrating a low penetration of orally administered STI571 into the CSF in humans.
Purpose
To evaluate whether it is a feasible option to target the oocyte (with Ca
2+
-ionophore) in case that sperm motility cannot be restored in Kartagener syndrome.
Methods
A case of a male ...Kartagener syndrome with exclusively immotile spermatozoa that did not react to the dimethylxanthine theophylline. Thus, half of the associated oocytes were treated for 15 min with the ready-to-use- ionophore CultActive immediately after ICSI whereas the other 50 % were injected with routine ICSI without artificial oocyte activation. Rates of fertilization, blastulation, pregnancy and live birth were evaluated.
Results
Fertilization check revealed that none of the conventionally injected but 4/6 (66.7 %) of the artificially activated oocytes showed two pronuclei. Three embryos were of good and one of fair quality. Corresponding blastocyst formation rate was 3 out of 4 (75 %). A double embryo transfer led to a healthy twin birth in the 34th week of gestation (two boys with a birth weight of 1724 g and 2199 g).
Conclusions
This case indicates that Ca
2+
-ionophore treatment in cycles from theophylline-resistant Kartagener syndrome patients is a feasible option. The future will show if routine application of A23187 in Kartagener or primary cilia dyskinesis patients will be of benefit.
Three novel experiments investigated the effectiveness of color-coded word-families flashcards for facilitating kindergarteners' word recognition skills. Flashcards were constructed with the rime of ...the word family (vowel and remaining consonant sounds) printed in black ink, indicating
that words with this spelling pattern sound the same, and the onsets (initial consonant sounds) shown in different colors, indicating the sound changes from word to word. All experiments involved pre- and post-testing on word recognition and phonological awareness and random assignment to
intervention or control conditions. The length of intervention and type of control condition differed among experiments. Results suggested that word-families may facilitate word recognition skill development and that factors such as amount of practice, phonological awareness, and socioeconomic
status impact the efficacy of the intervention. Keywords: early literacy, reading intervention, phonological awareness, elementary schools
A new large-volume multianvil system Frost, D.J; Poe, B.T; Trønnes, R.G ...
Physics of the earth and planetary interiors,
06/2004, Letnik:
143
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A scaled-up version of the 6–8 Kwai-type multianvil apparatus has been developed at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut for operation over ranges of pressure and temperature attainable in conventional ...systems but with much larger sample volumes. This split-cylinder multianvil system is used with a hydraulic press that can generate loads of up to 5000
t (50 MN). The six tool-steel outer-anvils define a cubic cavity of 100
mm edge-length in which eight 54
mm tungsten carbide cubic inner-anvils are compressed. Experiments are performed using Cr
2O
3-doped MgO octahedra and pyrophyllite gaskets. Pressure calibrations at room temperature and high temperature have been performed with 14/8, 18/8, 18/11, 25/17 and 25/15 OEL/TEL (octahedral edge-length/anvil truncation edge-length, in millimetre) configurations. All configurations tested reach a limiting plateau where the sample-pressure no longer increases with applied load. Calibrations with different configurations show that greater sample-pressure efficiency can be achieved by increasing the OEL/TEL ratio. With the 18/8 configuration the GaP transition is reached at a load of 2500
t whereas using the 14/8 assembly this pressure cannot be reached even at substantially higher loads. With an applied load of 2000
t the 18/8 can produce MgSiO
3 perovskite at 1900
°C with a sample volume of ∼20
mm
3, compared with <3
mm
3 in conventional multianvil systems at the same conditions. The large octahedron size and use of a stepped LaCrO
3 heater also results in significantly lower thermal gradients over the sample.
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