This study is part of the discourse on code-switching in conversational discourse. The aim of this article is to describe frequent instances of subcode switching and mixing in a multicultural ...environment, as well as to determine their involvement in communicative role exchanges within the literary texts of a contemporary English writer. The object of description is examples of (sub)code switching and mixing in the literary texts of Zadie Smith. The research employs linguistic analysis methods alongside observation, comparison, and interpretation techniques to highlight the significance of role exchange in the context of subcode switching and mixing. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of role exchange in a multicultural setting. The author emphasizes the pace of role exchange as a crucial indicator of interaction dynamics in heterogeneous cultural environments. The relevance of this research stems from the importance of understanding complex communicative frameworks that involve participants, social parameters, intentions, and speech communication situations. Definitions of subcode mixing and subcode switching are provided, with a clear distinction between code and subcode concepts.
The graphic novel is considered as a multimodal text — a complex of verbal and visual components. The differences between comics and graphic novels are explained. The definition of the concept of ...“multimodality” is given, and the main approaches to the study of a multimodal text are described. Attention is paid to the issue of identity in a multicultural aspect. On the example of a specific autobiographical graphic novel, the discursive construction of identity by visual and linguistic means is analyzed. The expediency of using critical discourse analysis to understand verbal and non-verbal connections, visual images and communications, as well as text and context is substantiated. To study the linguistic modality of the graphic novel, the methods of linguo-stylistic, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis of the literary text were used, while the iconic components were considered using the methods of observation, interpretation and comparison with the text. The sociocultural dominants of food and appearance were revealed in the novel, which contributed to the convergence of stylistic and iconic means of expressing meaning. Examples of combining linguistic, metalinguistic and visual aspects of expressing aspects of identity in the space of the American graphic novel as a multimodal text are given. The novelty of the study is seen in the demonstration of identity markers in a multimodal text.
A rather large number of different anatomic variants of intracranial dural venous sinuses are known, and they are found so often that interpreting them only as anomalies is unlikely, except for ...variations such as sinus aplasia or doubling, which can be attributed to anomalies of the venous system. Diameter reduction (hypoplasia) of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses is observed relatively often. In cases of dural sinuses anomalies, sinuses on the contralateral side are necessarily evaluated as the main source of compensation. When diagnosing dural sinus thrombosis, it is necessary to have a clear idea of the structure of the cerebral venous system, so as not to mistakenly accept hypoplasia or sinus aplasia for thrombosis. Our own experience is based on the results of a neuroimaging study of cerebral veins and venous sinuses in 103 patients (average age 35±10 years) with a tension-type headache. Hypoplasia of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses was detected in 21 (22.4%) cases. In 10 cases (6 men, 4 women), a connection was established between hypoplasia of the dural sinuses and thrombosis. Four patients, presented with hypoplasia of the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses and 6 patients with hypoplasia of the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Thrombosis developed on the side of sinus hypoplasia (9 patients) or on the contralateral side (1 patient). Early diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis is crucial because the use of anticoagulants reduces the risk of a poor prognosis, severe disability without an additional increase in the risk of brain hematomas progression.
Colloidal pure and Mn-doped mixed ZnxCd1−xS quantum dots were successfully prepared by aqueous synthesis in photographic inert gelatin. Quantum dots are formed in a cubic crystal lattice with the ...average size of about 2nm. Two emission bands in photoluminescence spectra of Mn-doped quantum dots are observed: trap state luminescence and Mn characteristic emission. The possibility of Mn-doped quantum dots spectral characteristics tuning by changing the synthesis conditions is shown. It is shown that value of trap state – Mn ion excitation transfer efficiency in mixed ZnxCd1−xS:Mn quantum dots is about 24–30%.
Elaborating on the methods and means of enriching nutrition, including that of plants, with a number of microelements that are vital for humans is now very important due to the unresolved acute ...problems of micronutrient deficiency and imbalance, which affect the majority of the population of various countries in the world. Promising solutions for the implementation of biofortification in terms of safety, efficiency, size, biocompatibility, and transportability are the water-soluble derivatives of C60 or C70 fullerene. By now, the use of water-soluble fullerenes (C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols, C60 fullerene with glycine or with arginine: C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) with various functional groups for plant enrichment is pioneering. Experimental research work was carried out at the agrobiopolygon of the Agrophysical Research Institute under controlled microclimate conditions. This work constituted an assessment of the influence of C60(OH)22–24 fullerenol introduction into the soil on the content of macro- and microelements in the soil and in plants, for example, cucumber, as well as on the plants’ physiological state (photosynthetic pigments, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes), growth, and element content. Its aim was to study the possibility of enriching the plants’ production (Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber) with compositions of the fullerene derivatives (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg, C60(OH)22–24 or C70(OH)12–14 fullerenols) and selenium or zinc compounds by introducing them into a nutrient solution or by foliar treatment of plants. It was revealed that the introduction of solutions of C60 fullerenol in various concentrations (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg) into soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil contributed to the activation of the processes of nitrogen transformation in the soil, in particular, the enhancement of the process of nitrification, and to the increase in the content of mobile forms of some macro- and microelements in the soil as well as of the latter in plant organs, for example, in cucumber plants, especially in their leaves. Along with this, the plants showed an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, a predominant decrease in the activity of the oxidative enzyme peroxidase and in the intensity of lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the content of the reducing enzyme catalase. The improvement in the physiological state of plants had a positive effect on the growth rates of cucumber plants. The compositions of solutions of amino acid fullerenes (C60-L-Gly or C60-L-Arg) and sodium selenate as well as C60 or C70 fullerenols and zinc sulfate, selected on the basis of different charges of molecules or functional groups of fullerene derivatives, showed higher efficiency at low concentrations in enriching the plant products of Chinese cabbage, tomato, and cucumber with selenium and zinc, respectively, compared with mineral salts of the indicated elements and control (edible part of Chinese cabbage: by 31.0−89.0% relative to that in the control and by 26.0–81.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; tomato fruits: by 33.7–42.2% relative to that in the control and by 10.2–17.2% relative to the treatment of plants with a sodium selenate; cucumber fruits: by 42.0–59.0% relative to that in the control and by 10.0–23.0% relative to the treatment of plants with a zinc sulfate). At the same time, the quantitative characteristics of growth, productivity, and/or quality of the obtained products increase and improve accordingly. The prospects for further research include an in-depth study into the mechanisms of the compositions of fullerene derivatives and various compounds of trace elements’ influence on the plants, as well as the synthesis and study of the various exo- and endo derivatives of fullerenes’ properties, including C60 complex compounds with transition metals and fullerenes, which, inside their carbon networks, contain atoms of various chemical elements, such as lanthanum and others.
Environmental pollution in large industrialized cities has become an urgent global problem. On the territory of the Russian Federation, a tense ecological situation is developing in almost all cities ...with a population of over one million and in large administrative centers. The creation of a quality urban environment is a national priority, a complex and financially costly task, the solution of which cannot be postponed any longer. The main sources of problems in the territories occupied by cities lie in the concentration of production capacities, the steady growth of the population, and as a result, the amount of transport. Due to production, industrial cities concentrate substances of natural and man-made origin forming local and even regional geochemical anomalies in various landscapes. Among all the interrelated components, a special place belongs to the depositing (accumulating) media–soils and bottom sediments. Based on the results of geochemical studies of 2018–2020, the indicators of the quality of the soils of Voronezh were determined, the levels of the content of pollutants of I-III hazard classes in the soils of urban and peripheral areas of Voronezh (benzo(a)pyrene and heavy metals) were established. The authors provide an assessment of the accumulation of pollutants in the bottom sediments of the Voronezh water reservoir, which is located on the territory of the urban district.
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