Interactions of three antidepressants--amitriptyline, desipramine and zimeldine--with a single 0.8 g/kg body weight dose of alcohol were studied in healthy male volunteers. The dependent variables ...were performance measurements in the Continuous Performance Task and a cognitive memory task. Alcohol and desipramine showed different and specific deleterious effects on cognitive and memory functions, whereas amitriptyline produced a more generalized impairment. Zimeldine slightly improved performance in the Continuous Performance Task and antagonized effects of alcohol in both tasks.
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are frequently used in commercial, scientific, and military operations in the maritime domain. While many studies have examined the efficiency and thrust ...generation of a given propeller, there is little publicly available research into propeller interactions with marine vegetation and when entanglement is likely to occur. This effort experimentally explored the interaction between a UUV propeller and a single bundle of synthetic eelgrass using a small towing tank. This study positioned the single bundle of eelgrass on each side of the propeller and varied the lateral offset from the propeller to look for any asymmetry in the likelihood of entanglement. Furthermore, multiple vehicle speeds and depths were included in the test matrix to determine their effect on entanglement likelihood as well. The results showed that there is a clear asymmetry and the eelgrass is much more likely to entangle on one side of the vehicle than the other depending on the rotation direction of the propeller. The study also showed that vehicle speed and depth effects on entanglement are coupled such that both must be considered when choosing an operating condition to minimize the likelihood of entanglement.
In a double-blind study, effects of lithium on skilled performance, information processing, and mood were studied in 12 healthy men. Lithium was administered for 1 week and the average, steady state, ...serum lithium concentration on the morning of testing was 0.8 mEq/liter. Lithium had a non-specific, minor, but consistent effect of prolonging reaction times. Most subjects reported increased anxiety, faintness-dizziness, nervousness-shakiness, and feeling "blue" during and immediately after lithium treatment.
Effects of antidepressants on skilled performance Linnoila, M; Johnson, J; Dubyoski, K ...
BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology,
01/1984, Letnik:
18, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Effects of amitriptyline 50 mg, desipramine 100 mg, and zimelidine 200 mg alone and in combination with ethanol 0.8 g/kg were investigated in healthy, male volunteers. Amitriptyline increased body ...sway and impaired tracking as well as information processing. It had an additive deleterious pharmacodynamic interaction with ethanol. Desipramine and zimelidine were free of adverse effects on performance and did not have significant interactions with ethanol. The dose of ethanol used in the present study did not inhibit biotransformation of the antidepressants.
Twelve healthy men between 22 and 27 years of age participated in an experiment on interactions between zimelidine and ethanol. Zimelidine, 200 mg/24 hours, was administered for 10 days and ethanol, ...0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of body weight, or placebo drinks were administered either with placebo capsules or on the last 3 days of zimelidine treatment. A battery of tests measuring skilled performance was used. The higher dose of ethanol increased plasma zimelidine and norzimelidine concentrations. Ethanol impaired standing steadiness, tracking, and one aspect of verbal information processing. Zimelidine improved tracking. No significant pharmacodynamic ethanol-zimelidine interactions were observed.
The spatial-temporal evolution of intracontinental faults and the forces that drive their style, orientation, and timing are central to understanding tectonic processes. Intracontinental NW-striking ...dextral faults in the Gabbs Valley-Gillis Ranges (hereafter referred to as the GVGR), Nevada, define a structural domain known as the eastern Central Walker Lane located east of the western margin of the North American plate. To consider how changes in boundary type along the western margin of the North American plate influenced both the initiation and continued dextral fault slip to the present day in the GVGR, we combine our new detailed geologic mapping, structural studies, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology with published geologic maps to calculate early to middle Miocene dextral fault-slip rates. In the GVGR, Mesozoic basement is nonconformably overlain by a late Oligocene to Miocene sequence dominated by tuffs, lavas, and sedimentary rocks. These rocks are cut and offset by four primary NW-striking dextral faults, from east to west the Petrified Spring, Benton Spring, Gumdrop Hills, and Agai Pah Hills-Indian Head faults. A range of geologic markers, including tuff- and lava-filled paleovalleys, the southern extent of lava flows, and a normal fault, show average dextral offset magnitudes of 9.6±1.1 km, 7.0±1.7 km, 9.7±1.0 km, and 4.9±1.1 km across the four faults, respectively. Cumulative dextral offset across the GVGR is 31.2±2.3 km. Initiation of slip along the Petrified Spring fault is tightly bracketed between 15.99±0.05 Ma and 15.71±0.03 Ma, whereas slip along the other faults initiated after 24.30±0.05 Ma to 20.14±0.26 Ma. Assuming that slip along all four faults initiated at the same time as the Petrified Spring fault yields calculated dextral fault-slip rates of 0.4±0.1-0.6±0.1 mm/yr, 0.4±0.1-0.5±0.1 mm/yr, 0.6±0.1 mm/yr, and 0.3±0.1 mm/yr on the four faults, respectively. Middle Miocene initiation of dextral fault slip across the GVGR overlaps with the onset of normal slip along range-bounding faults in the western Basin and Range to the north and the northern Eastern California shear zone to the south. Based on this spatial-temporal relationship, we propose that dextral fault slip across the GVGR defines a kinematic link or accommodation zone between the two regions of extension. At the time of initiation of dextral slip across the GVGR, the plate-boundary setting to the west was characterized by subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the North American plate. To account for the middle Miocene onset of extension across the Basin and Range and dextral slip in the GVGR, we hypothesize that middle Miocene trench retreat drove westward motion of the Sierra Nevada and behind it, crustal extension across the Basin and Range and NW-dextral shear within the GVGR. During the Pliocene, the plate boundary to the west changed to NW-dextral shear between the Pacific and North American plates, which drove continued dextral slip along the same faults within the GVGR because they were fortuitously aligned subparallel to plate boundary motion.
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