U ožujku 2014., nakon svrgavanja proruske vlade Viktora Janukoviča i uspostavljanja nove, prozapadne vlade u Ukrajini, Rusija je anektirala poluotok Krim koji je do tada bio u sastavu Ukrajine. Sam ...čin aneksije prikazivan je različito u europskim državama, a ovaj rad istražuje medijski prikaz u Hrvatskoj, Mađarskoj i Srbiji. Kao istraživačka metoda korištena je analiza sadržaja članaka i medijskih objava s relevantnih internetskih portala u istraživanim državama. Prema rezultatima analize sadržaja uočeno je kako se aneksija Krima u Hrvatskoj prikazuje sukladno prozapadnim politikama, u Mađarskoj se ističu određene domaće objektivnosti, dok je najviše proruskih stavova u izvješćivanju zamijećeno u Srbiji.
In March 2014, after the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and the establishment of a new, pro-Western government in Ukraine, the Russian Federation annexed the Crimean peninsula, until then a part of Ukraine. The act of annexation itself was portrayed differently in European countries, and this paper investigates the media portrayal in Croatia, Hungary and Serbia. Content analysis of articles and media publications from relevant internet portals in the researched countries was used as a research method. According to the results of the analysis of the content, it was observed that the annexation of Crimea in Croatia is presented in accordance with pro-Western policies, in Hungary certain domestic objectivities stand out, while in Serbia pro-Russian positions are mostly noticed in the reporting.
In March 2014, after the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and the establishment of a new, pro-Western government in Ukraine, the Russian Federation annexed the Crimean ...peninsula, until then a part of Ukraine. The act of annexation itself was portrayed differently in European countries, and this paper investigates the media portrayal in Croatia, Hungary and Serbia. Content analysis of articles and media publications from relevant internet portals in the researched countries was used as a research method. According to the results of the analysis of the content, it was observed that the annexation of Crimea in Croatia is presented in accordance with pro-Western policies, in Hungary certain domestic objectivities stand out, while in Serbia pro-Russian positions are mostly noticed in the reporting.
What Is JSOU? Then, Now, and Next Dudas, David M; Fidermutz, Bethany; Lonas, Amie
Joint Force Quarterly : JFQ,
04/2022
105
Journal Article, Trade Publication Article
Dudas et al discuss the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU). JSOU was formally organized in 2000 as a Department of Defense applied learning educational activity modeled after corporate ...universities. JSOU's mission is to prepare special operations forces (SOF) professionals to address strategic and operational challenges, arming them with the ability to think through problems with knowledge, insight, and foresight. JSOU's charter is to serve as the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) academic center of excellence for special operations studies and research. JSOU is designed to create, promote, and sustain postsecondary scholarship through teaching, research, and outreach in the strategic and operational art of joint special operations. The university is organized to facilitate US Code Title 10 responsibilities of the USSOCOM commander to prepare SOF to carry out assigned missions and to increase the combat readiness of the force. This is accomplished by conducting specialized education that is unique and peculiar to SOF and not normally offered in other professional military education programs.
This research explores the sources that shape content, continuity, and change in U.S. foreign policy from the period of 1968 through 2006 with a focus on American Army doctrine, and specifically the ...tension between counterinsurgency and more traditional forms of warfare. Unlike previous assessments, I argue that although international, organizational, and bureaucratic contexts of action are important to understanding the origins of doctrine, they are insufficient without reference to policymakers’ understandings of dominant views of the American way of war in the public mind. And where analysts have examined continuity under a bipolar international system as well as organizational culture, I trace the origin of policymakers’ ideas and their assessments of domestic political and cultural contexts of action against the backdrop of external threats to the state and dominant groups within the Army. Consequently, this study argues that the American experience in war does not readily fit the maxim that armies tend to fight the next war as they did the last, rather the American historical context suggests we fight the next war as the last war we liked. Last, this study equally concerns itself with the responsibility of policymakers to articulate to the American public the nature of the international environment and the required means to achieve policy ends.
After nearly a billion years with no evidence for glaciation, ice advanced to equatorial latitudes at least twice between 717 and 635 Mya. Although the initiation mechanism of these Neoproterozoic ...Snowball Earth events has remained a mystery, the broad synchronicity of rifting of the supercontinent Rodinia, the emplacement of large igneous provinces at low latitude, and the onset of the Sturtian glaciation has suggested a tectonic forcing. We present unique Re-Os geochronology and high-resolution Os and Sr isotope profiles bracketing Sturtian-age glacial deposits of the Rapitan Group in northwest Canada. Coupled with existing U-Pb dates, the postglacial Re-Os date of 662.4 ± 3.9 Mya represents direct geochronological constraints for both the onset and demise of a Cryogenian glaciation from the same continental margin and suggests a 55-My duration of the Sturtian glacial epoch. The Os and Sr isotope data allow us to assess the relative weathering input of old radiogenic crust and more juvenile, mantle-derived substrate. The preglacial isotopic signals are consistent with an enhanced contribution of juvenile material to the oceans and glacial initiation through enhanced global weatherability. In contrast, postglacial strata feature radiogenic Os and Sr isotope compositions indicative of extensive glacial scouring of the continents and intense silicate weathering in a post–Snowball Earth hothouse.
In the context of sustainability and the use of natural resources, it has been often shown that agricultural soils do not reach their productive function to their full potential. The ability of the ...soil to provide plants with appropriate growing conditions is reduced due to soil degradation. Documenting soil conditions aimed at determining soil quality indicators in relation to soil management enables to identify the type and location of degradation in order to suggest corrective measures to farmers for the soil fertility improvement. Since the basis for the successful agricultural production is appropriate soil quality from one side, and the soil quality improvement, monitoring and protection are priority according to the current legal acts, the new European Soil Strategy for 2030 and the Soil Act planned for 2023 from another side, the soil testing laboratory of the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (PGKC) conducted the initial studies in 2019. Soil samples from the agricultural field in PGKC were tested using fast methods for following parameters: soil pH, total CaCO3, nitrate content, content of plant available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, total calcium, aggregate stability and electrical conductivity. The test results idnicated the relative condition of the soil at different locations and in different crops. In addition, the results served as a basis for the sustainable soil management measures suggestion to the farmers in PGKC.
U kontekstu održivosti i korištenja prirodnih resursa često se pokazuje da poljoprivredna tla neostvaruju svoju produktivnu funkciju u potpunosti. Sposobnost tla da pruži biljkama odgovarajućeuvjete za rast i razvoj smanjuje se zbog degradacije tla. Dokumentiranje stanja tla s ciljem utvrđivanjapokazatelja kvalitete tla u vezi s upravljanjem tlom omogućuje identifikaciju vrste i mjesta degradacijekako bi se poljoprivrednicima predložile ispravne mjere za poboljšanje plodnosti tla. S obzirom nato da je temelj uspješne poljoprivredne proizvodnje odgovarajuća kvaliteta tla s jedne strane, aispitivanje, praćenje i zaštita kvalitete tla prioritet sukladno važećim zakonskim propisima, novojEuropskoj strategiji tla za 2030. godinu i Zakonu o tlu planiranom za 2023. s druge strane, laboratorijza ispitivanje tla Centra za poljoprivredu i ruralni razvoj Primorsko-goranske županije (PGŽ) proveoje početna istraživanja 2019. godine. Uzorci tla s poljoprivrednih površina u PGŽ testirani su brzimmetodama za sljedeće parametre: pH tla, ukupni CaCO3, sadržaj nitrata, sadržaj biljkama dostupnogfosfora, kalija i magnezija, ukupni kalcij, stabilnost agregata i električna vodljivost. Rezultati testiranjapokazali su relativno stanje tla na različitim lokacijama i u različitim kulturama. Osim toga, rezultatisu poslužili i kao osnova za prijedlog održivih mjera upravljanja tlom poljoprivrednicima u PGŽ.
RalF is an Arf GEF from Legionella pneumophilia, the bacterium that causes severe pneumonia. In its crystal structure, RalF is in the autoinhibited form. A large-scale domain motion is expected to ...lift the autoinhibition, the mechanism of which is still unknown. Since RalF is activated in the presence of the membrane, its active structure and the structure of the RalF-Arf1 complex could not have been determined experimentally. On the simulation side, it has been proven that classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) alone is not efficient enough to map motions of such amplitude and determine the active conformation of RalF. In this article, using Molecular Dynamics with excited Normal Modes (MDeNM) combined with previous experimental findings we were able to determine the active RalF structure and the structure of the RalF-Arf1 complex in the presence of the membrane, bridging the gap between experiments and simulation.
Abstract
Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing the sulfoconjugation from the co-factor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a substrate. It has been ...previously suggested that a considerable shift of SULT structure caused by PAPS binding could control the capability of SULT to bind large substrates. We employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the recently developed approach of MD with excited normal modes (MDeNM) to elucidate molecular mechanisms guiding the recognition of diverse substrates and inhibitors by SULT1A1. MDeNM allowed exploring an extended conformational space of PAPS-bound SULT1A1, which has not been achieved up to now by using classical MD. The generated ensembles combined with docking of 132 SULT1A1 ligands shed new light on substrate and inhibitor binding mechanisms. Unexpectedly, our simulations and analyses on binding of the substrates estradiol and fulvestrant demonstrated that large conformational changes of the PAPS-bound SULT1A1 could occur independently of the co-factor movements that could be sufficient to accommodate large substrates as fulvestrant. Such structural displacements detected by the MDeNM simulations in the presence of the co-factor suggest that a wider range of drugs could be recognized by PAPS-bound SULT1A1 and highlight the utility of including MDeNM in protein–ligand interactions studies where major rearrangements are expected.
Purpose
Computed tomography (CT) is an effective method for detecting and characterizing lung nodules in vivo. With the growing use of chest CT, the detection frequency of lung nodules is increasing. ...Noninvasive methods to distinguish malignant from benign nodules have the potential to decrease the clinical burden, risk, and cost involved in follow‐up procedures on the large number of false‐positive lesions detected. This study examined the benefit of including perinodular parenchymal features in machine learning (ML) tools for pulmonary nodule assessment.
Methods
Lung nodule cases with pathology confirmed diagnosis (74 malignant, 289 benign) were used to extract quantitative imaging characteristics from computed tomography scans of the nodule and perinodular parenchyma tissue. A ML tool development pipeline was employed using k‐medoids clustering and information theory to determine efficient predictor sets for different amounts of parenchyma inclusion and build an artificial neural network classifier. The resulting ML tool was validated using an independent cohort (50 malignant, 50 benign).
Results
The inclusion of parenchymal imaging features improved the performance of the ML tool over exclusively nodular features (P < 0.01). The best performing ML tool included features derived from nodule diameter‐based surrounding parenchyma tissue quartile bands. We demonstrate similar high‐performance values on the independent validation cohort (AUC‐ROC = 0.965). A comparison using the independent validation cohort with the Fleischner pulmonary nodule follow‐up guidelines demonstrated a theoretical reduction in recommended follow‐up imaging and procedures.
Conclusions
Radiomic features extracted from the parenchyma surrounding lung nodules contain valid signals with spatial relevance for the task of lung cancer risk classification. Through standardization of feature extraction regions from the parenchyma, ML tool validation performance of 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity was achieved.
PDF
