L’hystérectomie demeure l’intervention chirurgicale la plus fréquemment réalisée en chirurgie gynécologique. Bien qu’elle soit majoritairement réalisée par voie laparoscopique, la voie vaginale, de ...par ses meilleures suites opératoires et son faible taux de complications, reste la voie d’abord de référence pour la prise en charge des pathologies bénignes. Néanmoins, elle présente certaines limites, notamment en cas d’utérus polyfibromateux, avec un contrôle parfois délicat des artères utérines et des pédicules annexiels. Ainsi, il a été observé un nouvel engouement pour la voie V-NOTES qui permet de conserver les avantages de la voie vaginale, tout en bénéficiant de la vision coelioscopique. De plus, de par ses excellentes suites opératoires, l’hystérectomie V-NOTES apparaît comme un candidat idéal à sa réalisation en chirurgie ambulatoire. Cependant, peu d’étude se sont intéressées à la faisabilité de l’hystérectomie V-NOTES en ambulatoire, en comparaison au gold standard qu’est l’hystérectomie vaginale. L’objectif principal était d’évaluer le succès d’une prise en charge en ambulatoire après une hystérectomie par voie V-NOTES, en comparaison au gold standard qu’est la voie vaginale. Les objectifs secondaires s’intéressaient aux taux de complications per et post opératoire ainsi qu’aux facteurs limitant une prise en charge en ambulatoire, en fonction de la voie d’abord chirurgicale. Il s’agissait d’une étude observationnelle, rétrospective sur une cohorte de patiente ayant bénéficié d’une hystérectomie par voie basse (V-NOTES ou voie vaginale classique) au CHU de Lille entre 2016 et 2022. Toutes les patientes avaient une intervention programmée en ambulatoire. 373 patientes ont été incluses, 169 dans le groupe voie vaginale classique et 204 dans le groupe V-NOTES. La réussite de l’ambulatoire (83,3 % en V-NOTES et 79,9 % en voie vaginale classique, p=0,39) ainsi que le taux de complications per et post opératoires (4,4 % vs 3,6 %, p=0,67 en per opératoire et 4,9 % vs 4,7 %, p=0,93 en post opératoire) ne sont pas différents entre les 2 groupes. Mais on retrouve significativement plus de patientes nullipares, d’utérus volumineux et d’annexectomie dans le même temps opératoire dans le groupe V-NOTES. La technique V-NOTES apparaît tout aussi réalisable en ambulatoire que la voie vaginale classique. De plus, la vision coelioscopique qu’elle apporte permet une réalisation systématique des gestes annexiels sans modifier le taux de complications ou le succès de la prise en charge en ambulatoire. Enfin, cette voie d’abord remise au goût du jour en gynécologie, semble prometteuse chez les patientes nullipares ainsi que dans les cas d’utérus volumineux.
Scintillators, materials that produce light pulses upon interaction with ionizing radiation, are widely employed in radiation detectors. In advanced medical-imaging technologies, fast scintillators ...enabling a time resolution of tens of picoseconds are required to achieve high-resolution imaging at the millimetre length scale. Here we demonstrate that composite materials based on fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals can work as fast scintillators. We present a prototype scintillator fabricated by embedding MOF nanocrystals in a polymer. The MOF comprises zirconium oxo-hydroxy clusters, high-Z linking nodes interacting with the ionizing radiation, arranged in an orderly fashion at a nanometric distance from 9,10-diphenylanthracene ligand emitters. Their incorporation in the framework enables fast sensitization of the ligand fluorescence, thus avoiding issues typically arising from the intimate mixing of complementary elements. This proof-of-concept prototype device shows an ultrafast scintillation rise time of ~50 ps, thus supporting the development of new scintillators based on engineered fluorescent MOF nanocrystals.Composites of fluorescent metal–organic framework nanocrystals in a polymer are exploited to create fast scintillators with a rise time of about 50 ps.
This paper presents new developments in inorganic scintillators widely used for radiation detection. It addresses major emerging research topics outlining current needs for applications and material ...sciences issues with the overall aim to provide an up-to-date picture of the field. While the traditional forms of scintillators have been crystals and ceramics, new research on films, nanoparticles, and microstructured materials is discussed as these material forms can bring new functionality and therefore find applications in radiation detection. The last part of the contribution reports on the very recent evolutions of the most advanced theories, methods, and analyses to describe the scintillation mechanisms.
The heat-shock protein 70 gene (
hsp
70) has been exploited for
Leishmania
species identification in the New and Old World, using PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ...analysis. Current PCR presents limitations in terms of sensitivity, which hampers its use for analyzing clinical and biological samples, and specificity, which makes it inappropriate to discriminate between
Leishmania
and other trypanosomatids. The aim of the study was to improve the sensitivity and specificity of a previously reported
hsp
70 PCR using alternative PCR primers and RFLPs. Following in silico analysis of available sequences, three new PCR primer sets and restriction digest schemes were tested on a globally representative panel of 114
Leishmania
strains, various other infectious agents, and clinical samples. The largest new PCR fragment retained the discriminatory power from RFLP, while two smaller fragments discriminated less species. The detection limit of the new PCRs was between 0.05 and 0.5 parasite genomes, they amplified clinical samples more efficiently, and were
Leishmania
specific. We succeeded in significantly improving the specificity and sensitivity of the PCRs for
hsp
70
Leishmania
species typing. The improved PCR-RFLP assays can impact diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological studies of leishmaniasis in any setting worldwide.
Abstract
Large Stokes shift fast emitters show a negligible reabsorption of their luminescence, a feature highly desirable for several applications such as fluorescence imaging, solar-light managing, ...and fabricating sensitive scintillating detectors for medical imaging and high-rate high-energy physics experiments. Here we obtain high efficiency luminescence with significant Stokes shift by exploiting fluorescent conjugated acene building blocks arranged in nanocrystals. Two ligands of equal molecular length and connectivity, yet complementary electronic properties, are co-assembled by zirconium oxy-hydroxy clusters, generating crystalline hetero-ligand metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals. The diffusion of singlet excitons within the MOF and the matching of ligands absorption and emission properties enables an ultrafast activation of the low energy emission in the 100 ps time scale. The hybrid nanocrystals show a fluorescence quantum efficiency of ~60% and a Stokes shift as large as 750 meV (~6000 cm
−1
), which suppresses the emission reabsorption also in bulk devices. The fabricated prototypal nanocomposite fast scintillator shows benchmark performances which compete with those of some inorganic and organic commercial systems.
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•CexZr1−xO2 prepared by flame-spray-pyrolysis outperforms co-precipitated counterparts due to higher surface area and defective sites.•Better Pd dispersion on impregnated CexZr1−xO2 ...compared to Pd-doped samples obtained from a one pot flame-spray-pyrolysis method.•High catalytic properties at low temperature for propene and CO oxidation due to the creation of dual sites at the Pd–Ce interface.
The three-way catalytic performances of Pd-doped CexZr1−xO2 mixed oxides prepared according to a one pot flame-spray-pyrolysis method and through a two steps preparation where Pd was subsequently impregnated on a commercial CexZr1−xO2 prepared by co-precipitation CZ(COP) were compared. flame-spray-pyrolysis led to bare CexZr1−xO2 CZ(FSP) having higher specific surface area and greater extent of defective sites compared to the co-precipitated sample. Pd incorporation led to drastic gain in activity likely related to the creation of dual sites combining metallic Pd atoms at the vicinity of labile oxygen species from the ceria-zirconia support. However, this peculiar kinetic behavior manifests more extensively on the impregnated Pd/CZ(COP) due to a higher density of metallic Pd sites and a stronger metal-support interaction which weakens the Ce-O bond. Such conclusion agrees with O2-TPD experiments revealing a higher surface oxygen mobility on Pd/CZ(COP) corresponding to higher reactivity of oxygen from the support.
Mucosal vaccination via the respiratory tract can elicit protective immunity in animal infection models, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. We show that a single intranasal ...application of the replication-deficient modified vaccinia virus Ankara, which is widely used as a recombinant vaccination vector, results in prominent induction of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Although initial peribronchiolar infiltrations, characterized by the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) and few lymphocytes, can be found 4 d after virus application, organized lymphoid structures with segregated B and T cell zones are first observed at day 8. After intratracheal application, in vitro-differentiated, antigen-loaded DCs rapidly migrate into preformed BALT and efficiently activate antigen-specific T cells, as revealed by two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, the lung-specific depletion of DCs in mice that express the diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the CD11c promoter interferes with BALT maintenance. Collectively, these data identify BALT as tertiary lymphoid structures supporting the efficient priming of T cell responses directed against unrelated airborne antigens while crucially requiring DCs for its sustained presence.
Antimonials (Sb) were used for decades for chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Now abandoned in the Indian subcontinent (ISC) because of
resistance, this drug offers a unique model for ...understanding drug resistance dynamics. In a previous phylogenomic study, we found two distinct populations of
: the core group (CG) in the Gangetic plains and ISC1 in the Nepalese highlands. Sb resistance was only encountered within the CG, and a series of potential markers were identified. Here, we analyzed the development of resistance to trivalent antimonials (Sb
) upon experimental selection in ISC1 and CG strains. We observed that (i) baseline Sb
susceptibility of parasites was higher in ISC1 than in the CG, (ii) time to Sb
resistance was higher for ISC1 parasites than for CG strains, and (iii) untargeted genomic and metabolomic analyses revealed molecular changes along the selection process: these were more numerous in ISC1 than in the CG. Altogether these observations led to the hypothesis that CG parasites are preadapted to Sb
resistance. This hypothesis was experimentally confirmed by showing that only wild-type CG strains could survive a direct exposure to the maximal concentration of Sb
The main driver of this preadaptation was shown to be
, a gene involved in Sb
sequestration and amplified in an intrachromosomal amplicon in all CG strains characterized so far. This amplicon emerged around 1850 in the CG, well before the implementation of antimonials for VL chemotherapy, and we discuss here several hypotheses of selective pressure that could have accompanied its emergence.
The "antibiotic resistance crisis" is a major challenge for scientists and medical professionals. This steady rise in drug-resistant pathogens also extends to parasitic diseases, with antimony being the first anti-
drug that fell in the Indian subcontinent (ISC). Leishmaniasis is a major but neglected infectious disease with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, understanding how parasites became resistant to antimonials is of commanding importance. In this study, we experimentally characterized the dynamics of this resistance acquisition and show for the first time that some
populations of the ISC were preadapted to antimony resistance, likely driven by environmental factors or by drugs used in the 19th century.
•Eu concentration dependences of SrI2:Eu properties are analyzed.•Energy resolution better 4% sustains even at Eu concentration as low as 0.3 at%.•Scintillation properties of SrI2:Eu do not depend on ...growth method (Czochralski or Bridgman).
SrI2:Eu crystals with the activator content of 0.1–5.5% were grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. The dependences of light yield, energy resolution, optical and luminescent properties on the Eu concentration have been studied. It has been shown that with a decrease in the amount of activator to 0.3% Eu, the energy resolution at 662 keV remains below 4%. The light yield gradually diminishes with decreasing Eu concentration. This makes it possible to revise the required amount of the expensive activator for growing high performance SrI2:Eu crystals. Scintillation parameters of crystals grown by the Czochralski and Bridgman-Stockbarger technique have been compared.
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