The opportunistic pathogen,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, is infamous for its ability to rapidly form biofilms (<24 h) in inhospitable environments and the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). ...It has been seen to have resistance to nearly all known antibiotics, including last-line antibiotics colistin and carbapenems. AMR is currently considered one of the biggest threats to human health, causing 700,000 deaths annually, expected to rise to 10 million deaths per year by 2050.
P. aeruginosa
, alongside other opportunistic pathogens, has been implicated in infections following various surgical procedures. Such infections compromise patient recovery and, when a medical implant is present a biofilm can develop that will ultimately require a complex revision surgery to remove the infection.
In this study, impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry were carried out in parallel to measure electrochemical and impedance properties of bacteria, allowing for identification and quantification of pyoverdine and pyocyanin; bacterial metabolites. Three
Pseudomonas
spp. (
P. aeruginosa
,
P. fluorescens
and
P. putida
) were assayed in liquid culture at OD600. The sensor was standardised with pyoverdine and pyocyanin, with an electrochemical reading taken every 30 minutes up to 4 hours. This assay was repeated with
Pseudomonas
spp. growing in biofilms in LB broth, with a screen-printed electrode as the solid surface. Readings were then used to correlate metabolite production to biofilm production in each
Pseudomonas
sp. Pyoverdine correlated with biofilm formation for all three assayed
Pseudomonas
, with variation in the quantity of metabolite produced between species. This allows the two metabolites to be used as indicators of biofilm mass on devices and surfaces.
Ich gebe nur die auffälligsten Beispiele an: 17693: hintz statt unz - genauso HSS 2, 9, 12 17696: wer statt swer - genauso HSS 9-12, 14 17700: wart zwar statt was - sonst nur HS 9 17704: machten ...statt heten - HS 9 hat machten da 17710: als vil statt envollen - sonst nur HS 9; andere HSS bieten weitere Varianten 17713: auch hinzugefügt - sonst nur HS 9 17719: saz er statt sazens - genauso HSS 9-11, 13, 14 17725: wunesam statt wunniclich - sonst nur HS 9 17726: an all scham statt da vil sicherlich - sonst nur HS 9 17735: auch hinzugefügt - sonst nur HS 9 Dagegen lässt sich eine kleinere Gruppe von Lesarten verzeichnen, bei denen Engelthal mit der Münchner Leiths. gegen Leipzig steht: 17693f.: Transkription8 ra Von babylonie hintz Iuda und wil in laff- 17685 Von dem engel das gefchach als er wids fich felb iach Darnach ds chunig hohzeit wol getan . ward vil weytn chud Er hiez den fpillewtñ fagen 17690 er wolt newe chlayds tragen Vnd wolt de altñ hin gebñ si peguden all dar streben Die ds alten chlaids woltñ gsn di pegund man all da gwerñ 17695 Dartzu hiez er den hern sagñ wer newe chlaid wolt tragñ Der folt fein gefell fein dem tet er aller trew fchein Do cham ir do ein michel tayl 17700 daß ward zwar ds fpil leutñ hail Da furn fe in ds freiden fchar wan in ward da goben gar Wan ds hern waz da vil fe machten freid und fpil 17705 Dem chunig da zu eren sin lop si woldn meren Do ward ein graffe wirtfchaft fpeis vnd wen waz da genug Das fein ds arm geleich 17710 het alß vil fam ds reich In dem palaft fe da faffen mit freiden fe do affen vnd auch mit graffem fchall gemanichleich all 17715 Der chunig het ein geftuel daz waz reich vnd edel rb Mit palitein geziert wol als man eine reichn chunig fol Darauf fo faz er wunechleich 17720 er waz ds hohzeit freudenreich Dar nach dem vollch ward pechat fe fachn daz ein fchonew hant Indem palaft vor dem chunig waz die selb hant schraib daz man laß 17725 drei namen hart wunefam die schraib fi an all fcham Phares Tachel Maneß Daran chund niemat wiff- wez Hie fitzt chünig nabuchodonofor mit fein ritterschaft in feiñe palaft Vnd er fiecht ein schonew hant de schraib drew wart BILD Die hant damit gedacht 17730 oder ob fy hiet dez chuniges acht Gedacht mit ds geschrift gemain wañ niemãt waz fo rain der ez pedeiten chund wañ in fein got nicht gund 17735 Man fach auch nicht wan da de hant anders ward do nicht pechant 1 Zur Namensansetzung vgl. 2VL 11 (2004), Sp. 412. Außerdem bin ich Prof. Brian Murdoch und Dr. Bettina Wagner, vor allem aber Prof. Kurt Gärtner für mehrere Hinweise dankbar. 3 Kritische Ausgabe: Jansen Enikels Werke, hg. von PHILIPP STRAUCH (MGH Deutsche Chroniken III), Hannover/Leipzig 1900, S. 1-596. The Presentation of Old Testament Material in Jans Enikel's Weltchronik (GAG 650), Göppingen 1998, S. 238-246.
Ein neues Weltchronik-Fragment in Engelthal Graeme Dunphy, Raymond
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur,
2011, Letnik:
140, Številka:
3
Journal Article
An interdisciplinary and transcultural study of comedy in a pan-European perspective that include East, West, and Southern European examples. These range from humour in Polish poetry via jokes about ...Italian migrants in English-speaking TV commercials to Turkish comedy, literature and cartoons in Germany, Turkish, Surinamese, Iranian and Moroccan literary humour in the Netherlands, Beur humour in many media in France, and Asian humour in literature, film, and TV series in Great Britain. The volume is prefaced and informed by contemporary postcolonial theories that show humour not as an essential quality of each particular culture or as a common denominator of humanity, but as a complex structure of dialogue, conflict, and sometimes resolution. The volume is of interest for students and scholars of Comparative Literature, Cultural Studies, and Media Studies as well as for students and experts in the cultures and literatures that are covered in the collection of essays. It is relevant for courses on globalisation, migration, and integration.
This dissertation describes the development of instances of Transcendental double consciousness--the disparity between Reason's higher, noumenal self and Understanding's lower, phenomenal self--in ...Mardi, Redburn, White-Jacket, Moby-Dick, and Pierre. All Melville's middle novels delineate the disassociation between Reason's heart and Understanding's head. This dislocation accentuates with the novels' progression. Chapter I--"Tenets of Double Consciousness"--traces the metaphysical history of double consciousness back to Kant, with his distinction between Verstand and Vernuft, and explores Coleridge's intellectual translation of Kant's bifurcation of consciousness and Emerson's subsequent revisionary appropriation of it in his letters, lectures, journals, and essays. Chapter II locates Mardi as Melville's first middle novel. It christens his maiden voyage into "the world of mind." Throughout Mardi Babbalanja is the philosophical articulator of double consciousness, while Taji, through his internal struggle of uniting noumenal Yillah--Reason--and experiential Hautia--Understanding--is its concrete manifestation. Chapter III, addressing Redburn and White-Jacket, establishes double consciousness as the basis upon which to construct both a morality and a democracy. Reason also portends these protagonists' transcendental desire "to nationalize with the universe." The transcendental moments which Reason engenders make the experiential world habitable for Redburn and White-Jacket. Chapter IV focuses on Ishmael's rights of passage through "the great flood-gates of the wonder-world" of consciousness. Although the consciousness of Reason and that of Understanding diverge in Moby-Dick, they also converge through Moby-Dick, the "thing-in-itself." Chapter V introduces Pierre, whose narrator no longer considers double consciousness seriously. He satirizes it and calls the protagonist "a fool of Truth, a fool of Virtue," and therefore a fool of Reason. Chapter VI, the final one, indicates the disappearance of Reason as the directing needle in the compass of consciousness in Pierre and its total nullification in the fiction which follows. Emerson consistently felt that "the counteraction of the Reason and the Understanding" provided "the key to... and a theory of human life," while Melville did not. Nevertheless, double consciousness crystallizes the metaphysical bond linking Emerson to Melville's middle novels.
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