Porosity and coating hardness are two very important properties of the coating. In order to achieve low coating porosity and high hardness, a suitable spray mode is desired. In the particular ...application for press screws with the complex surface, a suitable spray mode plays a significant role in the formation of the coating properties. This paper employs the Taguchi experimental design method combined with ANOVA analysis to evaluate the impact of the spray mode on the porosity and hardness of the coating while spraying the screw surface using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) method. The injection material used is WC HMSP1060-00 +60 % 4070, with its main components being Nickel and Carbide Wolfram. And the press screw material is 1045 steel. The impactful parameters of the spray mode investigated and tested are the flow rate of spray (F) with a range varying from 25 g/min to 35 g/min, spray distance (D) with a range of values varying from 0.25 m to 0.35 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) from 4 to 6. The analysis shows that the spray mode significantly affects the coating properties, and a suitable set of spray parameters is found to achieve low coating porosity and high coating hardness. The spray mode with the lowest porosity is achieved at a spray rate (F) of 35 g/min, a spray distance (D) of 0.3 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) of 6. The interactions between D and R, as well as between F and D, are statistically significant, influencing each other's effects on porosity. However, the interaction between F and R is relatively low, indicating that changes in one parameter have less impact on porosity when the other parameter is varied. Similarly, for the highest coating hardness, the optimal spray mode includes an F of 35 g/min, D of 0.25 m, and R of 6. There is a significant interaction between F and D, while the interaction between F and R is relatively low. Notably, there is no interaction between F and R
To sought for an easily applicable nomogram for detecting individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.
The development cohort included 2542 participants recruited randomly from a rural ...population in 2011.The glycemic status of subjects was determined using the fasting plasma glucose test and the oral glucose tolerance test. The Bayesian Model Average approach was used to search for a parsimonious model with minimum number of predictor and maximum discriminatory power. The corresponding prediction nomograms were constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration, clinical usefulness, and generalizability in nationwide population in 2012.
The non-lab nomogram including waist circumference and systolic blood pressure was the most parsimonious with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95 %CI = 0.64–0.76). Adding low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the non-lab nomogram generated the lab-based nomogram with significantly improved AUC of 0.83 (0.78–0.87, P < 0.001). The nomograms had a positive net benefit at threshold probability between 0.01 and 0.15. Applying the non-lab nomogram to the national population yielded the AUC of 0.66 (0.63–0.70) and 0.68 (0.65–0.71) in the cohorts aged 40–64 and 30–69 years, respectively.
The novel nomograms could help promote the early detection of undiagnosed diabetes in rural Vietnamese population.
Background. Uric acid is a powerful free-radical scavenger in humans, but hyperuricemia may induce insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. The study aimed to evaluate the association between ...hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia, considering the confounding factors in a Vietnamese population. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional study recruited 1542 adults aged 50 to 70 years to collect data on socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and clinical patterns. Associations between hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia (isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), combined IFG-IGT, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)) were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression analysis in several models, adjusting for the confounding factors including socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and clinical measures. Results. Uric acid values were much higher in IFG, IFG-IGT, and T2D groups compared to those in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group. The significant association of hyperuricemia with IFG, IFG-IGT, and T2D was found in the model unadjusted and remained consistently in several models adjusted for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and clinical patterns. In the final model, the consistent hyperglycemia risk was found in total sample (OR = 2.23 for IFG, OR = 2.29 for IFG-IGT, and 1.75 for T2D, P≤0.006) and in women (OR = 2.90 for IFG, OR = 3.96 for IFG-IGT, and OR = 2.49 for T2D, P<0.001) but not in men. Conclusions. It is the first report in Vietnamese population suggesting the significant association of hyperuricemia with IFG, IFG-IGT, and T2D; and the predominant association was found in women than in men, taken into account the confounding factors.
Purpose
We aimed to determine the incidence and prediction nomogram for new-onset metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a middle-aged Vietnamese population.
Methods
A population-based prospective study was ...conducted in 1150 participants aged 40–64 years without MetS at baseline and followed-up for 5 years. Data on lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, family diabetes history, and anthropometric measures were collected. MetS incidence was estimated in general population and subgroup of age, gender, and MetS components. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetS. A prediction nomogram was developed and checked for discrimination and calibration.
Results
During median follow-up of 5.14 years, the accumulate MetS incidence rate was 23.4% (95% CI: 22.2–24.7). The annual incidence rate (95% CI) was 52.9 (46.7–60.1) per 1000 person-years in general population and higher in women 56.6 (48.7–65.9) than men 46.5 (36.9–59.3). The HRs (95% CI) for developing MetS were gender females vs males: 2.04 (1.26–3.29), advanced age 1.02 (1.01–1.04) per one year, waist circumference 1.08 (1.06–1.10) per one cm and other obesity-related traits, and systolic blood pressure 1.02 (1.01–1.03) per one mmHg. The prediction nomogram for MetS had a good discrimination (C-statistics = 0.742) and fit calibration (mean absolute error = 0.009) with a positive net benefit in the predicted probability thresholds between 0.13 and 0.70.
Conclusions
The study is the first to indicate an alarmingly high incidence of MetS in a middle-aged population in Vietnam. The nomogram with simply applicable variables would be useful to qualify individual risk of developing MetS.
Aims
The study aimed at determining 5‐year incidence and prediction nomogram for new‐onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a middle‐aged population in Vietnam.
Methods
A population‐based prospective study ...was designed to collect socio‐economic, anthropometric, lifestyle and clinical data. Five‐year T2D incidence was estimated and adjusted for age and sex. Hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was investigated using discrete‐time proportional hazards model. T2D prediction model entering the most significant risk factors was developed using the multivariable logistic‐regression algorithm. The corresponding prediction nomogram was constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness.
Results
The age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence was 21.0 cases (95% CI: 12.2−40.0) per 1000 person‐years in people with mean BMI of 22.2 (95% CI: 21.9−22.7 kg/m2). The HRs (95% CI) for T2D were 1.14 (1.05−1.23) per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.05 (1.03−1.08) per 1 cm waist circumference, 1.40 (1.13−1.73) per 1 mmol/L fasting blood glucose, 1.77 (1.15−2.71) per sleeping time (<6 h/day vs 6–7 h/day) and 2.12 (1.25−3.61) per residence (urban vs rural). The prediction nomogram for new‐onset T2D had a good discrimination (area under curve: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.666−0.755) and fit calibration (mean absolute error: 0.009). For the predicted probability thresholds between 0.03 and 0.36, the nomogram showed a positive net benefit, without increasing the number of false positives.
Conclusion
This study highlighted an alarmingly high incidence of T2D in a middle‐aged population with a normal range BMI in Vietnam. The individual prediction nomogram with decision curve analysis for new‐onset T2D would be valuable for early detection, intervention and treatment of the condition.
is a soil-dwelling bacterium able to survive not only under adverse environmental conditions, but also within various hosts which can lead to the disease melioidosis. The capability of
to adapt to ...environmental changes is facilitated by the large number of regulatory proteins encoded by its genome. Among them are more than 60 uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs). Here we analyzed a
mutant harboring a transposon in the gene BPSL0117 annotated as a LTTR, which we named
(globally acting virulence and metabolism regulator). The
mutant displayed a growth defect in minimal medium and macrophages in comparison with the wild type. Moreover, disruption of
rendered
avirulent in mice indicating a critical role of GvmR in infection. These defects of the mutant were rescued by ectopic expression of
. To identify genes whose expression is modulated by GvmR, global transcriptome analysis of the
wild type and
mutant was performed using whole genome tiling microarrays. Transcript levels of 190 genes were upregulated and 141 genes were downregulated in the
mutant relative to the wild type. Among the most downregulated genes in the
mutant were important virulence factor genes (T3SS3, T6SS1, and T6SS2), which could explain the virulence defect of the
mutant. In addition, expression of genes related to amino acid synthesis, glyoxylate shunt, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and syrbactin metabolism (secondary metabolite) was decreased in the mutant. On the other hand, inactivation of GvmR increased expression of genes involved in pyruvate metabolism, ATP synthesis, malleobactin, and porin genes. Quantitative real-time PCR verified the differential expression of 27 selected genes. In summary, our data show that GvmR acts as an activating and repressing global regulator that is required to coordinate expression of a diverse set of metabolic and virulence genes essential for the survival in the animal host and under nutrient limitation.
The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the
FTO
A/T polymorphism (
rs9939609
) to the prediction of the future type 2 diabetes (T2D). A population-based prospective study included 1443 ...nondiabetic subjects at baseline, and they were examined for developing T2D after 5-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of
rs9939609
to the future T2D in the models adjusted for the confounding factors including socio-economic status, lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking history, sporting habits, and leisure time), and clinical patterns (obese status, blood pressures, and dyslipidemia) at baseline. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to measure the power to predict individuals with T2D. The
FTO
-
rs9939609
polymorphism was a significant predictor of future T2D in the model unadjusted, and it remained significant in the final model after adjustment for the confounding factors, showing an additive effect of the A-allele (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.78,
P
= 0.036, AUC = 0.676). For normoglycemic subjects at baseline, the similar final adjusted model reported the increased HR per A-allele (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.09–2.07,
P
= 0.012, AUC = 0.697). Five-year changes in BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure did not remove the contribution of
rs9939609
to increased HR of T2D. The population attributable risk for risk genotype was 13.6%. In conclusion, the study indicates that the
FTO
-rs9939609 polymorphism is an important genetic predictor for future T2D in Vietnamese population.
Agricultural information systems have the potential to provide various benefits to users, especially farmers. However, it remains uncertain whether the three dimensions of agricultural information ...systems—system quality, information quality, and service quality—can contribute to farmers’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, thus influencing their intention to adopt these systems. We have developed a research framework that combines the Technology Acceptance Model and the Delone and McLean IS Success Model to elucidate the factors shaping farmers’ adoption of agricultural information systems in Vietnam. Field survey data were collected from a sample of 570 farmers in four midlands and mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam. Structural equation modelling was employed for the analysis. The results indicate that the three aspects of agricultural information systems directly enhance farmers’ adoption intentions, or they have a positive correlation with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, indirectly promoting such adoption intentions. The findings of this study underscore the importance for system developers and policymakers to prioritize the creation of reliable and user-friendly agricultural information systems that can address emerging issues during farmers’ use, thereby supporting their adoption.
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