Recent work on the Platonic notion of the Guardian has focused on the female Guardian, or “Philosopher Queen,” but mainly insofar as the idea is problematic. Okin, Saxonhouse, and others have tried ...to be more precise about the concepts involved—this work aims to use actual publications by British and continentally-trained women aristocrats of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to fill in the lacunae. It is concluded that these women were not only philosophical thinkers, but in some sense Guardians. Their overview encompassed notions of duty, care, and a concern of the development of the intellectual life that left a mark for future generations.
The costs associated with the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) are understudied in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). We evaluated the cost of treating SCD-related acute complications and ...the potential cost-savings of hydroxyurea in a specialized hematology center in Brazil.
The costs (US dollars) of emergency department (ED) and hospitalizations from SCD-related complications between 01.01.2018 and 06.30.2018 were ascertained using absorption and micro-costing approaches. The reasons for acute hospital visits were grouped as: 1) vaso-occlusive (VOC) pain, 2) infection, 3) anemia exacerbation, and 4) chronic organ damage complications. Hydroxyurea adherence was estimated by medication possession ratio (MPR) during the study period.
In total, 1144 patients, median age 17 years (range 0-70), 903 (78.9%) with HbSS/HbSβ
-thalassemia, 441 (38.5%) prescribed hydroxyurea, visited the ED, of whom 381 (33%) were admitted. VOC accounted for 64% of all ED visits and 60% of all admissions. Anemia exacerbation was the most expensive reason for ED visit ($321.87/visit), while chronic organ damage carried the highest admission cost ($2176.40/visit). Compared with other genotypes, individuals with HbSS/HbSβ
-thalassemia were admitted more often (79% versus 21%, p < 0.0001), and their admission costs were higher ($1677.18 versus $1224.47/visit, p = 0.0001). Antibiotics and analgesics accounted for 43% and 42% of the total ED costs, respectively, while housing accounted for 46% of the total admission costs. Costs of ED visits not resulting in admissions were lower among HbSS/HbSβ
-thalassemia individuals with hydroxyurea MPR ≥65% compared with visits by patients with MPR <65% ($98.16/visit versus $182.46/visit, p = 0.0007). No difference in admission costs were observed relative to hydroxyurea use.
In a LMIC hematology-specialized center, VOCs accounted for most acute visits from patients with SCD, but costs were highest due to anemia exacerbation. Analgesics, antibiotics, and housing drove most expenses. Hydroxyurea may reduce ED costs among individuals with HbSS/HbSβ
-thalassemia but is dependent on adherence level.
In this paper, the work of Cynthia Lowenthal, Barbara Taylor, and others is adduced to support the notion that Lady Mary Wortley Montagu accomplished something remarkably progressive in her Turkish ...letters and her British “Spectatress” letters; part of the conclusion is that feminist work may proceed by metaphor as well as by argument and debate. Some of the innovation of her work is signaled by her use of comparison and contrast in describing her travels: she does not hesitate to juxtapose unusual items and situations. In addition, Lady Mary's work is briefly contrasted with that of Mary Astell and Mary Wollstonecraft.
In this paper, a number of lines of argument buttress and support the contention that Dirty Hands is a comparatively undervalued part of the Sartrean oeuvre. Using commentary from Bell and Pellauer, ...and employing categories relevant also to the work of Beauvoir and Camus, the paper comes to the conclusion that Hugo, as the central character of the play, is an exemplary Sartrean protagonist, and that the play is worthy of more attention than it has received. An important part of the central assertion is that the play is as critical a part of the Sartrean dramatic canon as The Flies and No Exit.
It is argued that the thought of Lady Jane Grey has received too little attention, and that her name and beliefs need to be resuscitated. The work of Levin, DeLisle and others is alluded to, and it ...is concluded that Grey was a devoted Dissenter of her time with explicit beliefs
Three areas of rights violation for women and young girls across the globe are examined with an eye toward the specificity of the violation, and possible areas of help. The work of internationalists ...such as Bales and Sagade is adduced, and other thinkers such as Dorkenoo are cited. It is concluded that much work needs to be done in this area and that more overtly feminist theological views, in any of the major religions, would help.
Spanning over nine hundred years, Eight Women Philosophers is the first singly-authored work to trace the themes of standard philosophical theorizing and feminist thought across women philosophers in ...the Western tradition. Jane Duran has crafted a comprehensive overview of eight women philosophers--Hildegard of Bingen, Anne Conway, Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor Mill, Edith Stein, Simone Weil, and Simone de Beauvoir--that underscores the profound and continuing significance of these thinkers for contemporary scholars. _x000B_Duran devotes one chapter to each philosopher and provides a sustained critical analysis of her work, utilizing aspects of Continental theory, poststructuralist theory, and literary theory. She situates each philosopher within her respective era and in relation to her intellectual contemporaries, and specifically addresses the contributions each has made to major areas such as metaphysics/epistemology, theory of value, and feminist theory. She affirms the viability and importance of recovering these women's overlooked work and provides a powerful answer to the question of why the rubric "women philosophers" remains so valuable.
This paper examines Spinoza’s De Intellectus Emendatione from the standpoint of its place in the rationalist canon, and also with respect to certain lines of feminist thought. It concludes that ...Spinoza’s wholism, lack of interest in skepticism, and insistence on simples are not inconsistent with a variety of feminist concerns. The commentary of Genevieve Lloyd and Harald Hoffding is alluded to, and notions taken from works of contemporary feminism are cited.
A Violent Guatemala Duran, Jane
Monthly review (New York. 1949),
09/2020, Letnik:
72, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Magazine Article
Recenzirano
Among ethnic disasters of the past few decades, few can match in intensity or have been reported in the media more extensively than those of the Indigenous in Guatemala. The social structure of the ...nation—its hierarchy, driven by a light-skinned population, most of whom are ethnically mestizo but who do not identify with the purely Indigenous—its history, and its small size make it an important site for the documentation and reporting of ethnic disputes and differences.
Dura talks about philosophy, civil rights, and Freedom Summer. Freedom Summer, a project of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) that took place in ...1964 throughout the South, is probably best-known now for the deaths of the three civil rights workers in Mississippi that occurred during that time period. But if it is the case that without the activities of Freedom Summer, many of the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement would either have been delayed or even truncated, it is important to be specific both about the activities of the time and their philosophical underpinnings. Freedom Summer, as an important component of the Civil Rights Movement, had stated philosophical underpinnings and we can be very specific about what those supports were.
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