RFID (radio frequency identification) technology appeared nearly 70 years ago. Deployed more widely only from the early 2000s, it is now booming and its development is still accelerating. As its name ...indicates, its original function was the identification (of objects, animals, people) and its applications were then essentially aimed at traceability, access control and logistics. If this type of use is still relevant today with more and more new application contexts and more and more efficient RFID tags, RFID has also evolved by integrating new capabilities. These new tags, known as augmented tags, include an information capture function. With the explosion of connected objects and the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), this old technology that is RFID still has a promising future and will probably be more and more present in our private and professional environments in all fields: logistics, industry, agriculture, building, health and even space.
This paper presents the design of an ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor tag integrated into a textile yarn and manufactured using the E-Thread
technology. The ...temperature detection concept is based on the modification of the impedance matching between RFID tag's antenna and the chip. This modification is created by the change in the resistance of a thermistor integrated within the tag system due to a temperature variation. Moreover, in order to obtain an environment independent detection, a differential approach is proposed that avoids the use of a pre-calibration phase by the use of a reference tag. Experimental characterization demonstrates the RFID sensor's potential of detecting a temperature variation or a temperature threshold between 25 and 70 °C through the variation of the transmitted differential activation power.
The omnipresence of connected objects leads to the quasi-permanent presence of electromagnetic waves from different sources in our environment. This article presents a new electromagnetic energy ...harvesting device, rectenna type, which offers the advantage of being versatile. Indeed, the proposed prototype is compatible with three frequency bands of radio standards widely deployed today (UHF RFID, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100), and its performances remain good for low to very low ambient power levels as well as for different loads depending on the targeted application. The proposed solution is based on a tri-band antenna with very good efficiency and a bandwidth of at least 80 MHz for each of the operating frequencies. Moreover, the associated rectifier circuit is also tri-band and offers good performance in terms of RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for input levels varying in a rather wide range of power levels. The study is based on a design phase by simulation until the realization of prototypes and their experimental characterization. The designed rectenna is compared with solutions found in the literature.
In the context of the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, recent works have proposed a new paradigm demonstrating the possibility to perform short ...distance tag to tag (T2T) communications. This paper presents a study that focuses on the performance evaluation of T2T systems. Without loss of generality as to the methodology followed, dipole antennas are considered here (assumed ideal in the theoretical part, then printed for the rest of the study). The results obtained show that the modulation depth, which can be considered as an evaluation metric for the T2T systems, is strongly impacted by three main parameters: the switching impedances (here chosen as short-circuit and open-circuit); the geometrical configuration constituted by the two tag antennas forming the T2T system; and also, the position of the external source on which the backscatter communication relies. As the modulation depth is very sensitive to these three parameters, which are more or less directly related, it is very difficult to predict the communication quality for a given configuration. For example, when the two tags are in parallel and the source is symmetrically positioned, the modulation depth shows a decreasing trend by oscillating when the distance between the tags increases from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.1~\lambda </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1~\lambda </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda </tex-math></inline-formula> being the wavelength): with values going from 70% to less than 5%. As a consequence, from a very complete set of scenarios considered, the presented study helps to illustrate and explain the interactions of these parameters and their impact on the modulation depth. And at the same time, the paper provides guidelines for defining the specifications of such a system based on quantified results. The set is completed by introducing the BER (Bit Error Rate) as an evaluation metric by considering then a more complete T2T system (for instance listener tag including a non-coherent envelope detector).
In the context of wearable technology, several techniques have been used for the fabrication of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags such as 3D printing, inkjet printing, and even embroidery. ...In contrast to these methods where the tag is attached to the object by using sewing or simple sticking, the E-Thread® technology is a novel assembling method allowing for the integration of the RFID tag into a textile yarn and thus makes it embeddable into the object at the fabrication stage. The current E-Thread® yarn uses a RFID tag in which the antenna is a straight half-wave dipole that makes the solution vulnerable to mechanical strains (i.e., elongation). In this paper, we propose an alternative to the current RFID yarn solution with the use of an antenna having a helical geometry that answers to the mechanical issues and keeps quite similar electrical and radiative properties with respect to the present solution. The RFID helical tag was designed and simulated taking into consideration the constraints of the manufacturing process. The helical RFID tag was then fabricated using the E-Thread® technology and experimental characterization showed that the obtained structure exhibited good performance with 10.6 m of read range in the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID band and 10% of tolerance in terms of elongation.
RFID: A key technology for Humanity Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail
Comptes rendus. Physique,
01/2018, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology is a well-known wireless application for traceability, logistics, and access control. It became ubiquitous in industry and our daily life ...(ticketing, payment, passports, car keys, etc.). RFID is nowadays a standardized technology; its inherent advantages, which are unitary, identification, wireless communication, and low cost of tags, provide it with decisive practical benefits that drive new developments in terms of concepts and applications. This trend is largely confirmed by the market forecast, but also by its implementation in the area of health (smart hospital), assistance to persons, anti-counterfeiting, as well as by its perspective in terms of new paradigms for distributed ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things. The first part of this paper briefly reviews the fundamental concepts of the RFID technology, and shows its link with the radio science. A state of the art including the presentation of current performance and developments is also summarized. The second part illustrates the impact of RFID to the service of our society with a focus of applications in the field of autonomy and handicap. Finally, the last part highlights a panorama of perspectives and the future directions of RFID applications dedicated to the service of Humanity.
La RFID (radio par identification) est aujourd'hui une technologie sans fil bien connue pour ses applications en traçabilité, logistique et contrôle d'accès. Elle est devenue omniprésente dans l'industrie et notre vie de tous les jours (tickets de transport, systèmes de paiement, passeports, clés de voiture, etc.). Technologie standardisée, ses avantages inhérents (identification unitaire et télé-alimentation) et le coût modeste des tags lui procurent des avantages pratiques déterminants qui impulsent de nouvelles évolutions, aussi bien applicatives que conceptuelles. Cette tendance est largement démontrée, que ce soit par les projections économiques en termes de croissance et de marchés, son succès déjà actuel dans les secteurs de la santé ( « Intelligent Hospital ») et de l'assistance aux personnes, ses aptitudes dédiées aux applications d'anti-contrefaçons, ou encore ses promesses pour les paradigmes naissant d'intelligence ambiante distribuée et d'Internet des objets. Le premier volet de ce papier rappelle brièvement les fondamentaux conceptuels de la RFID et leur lien avec les radiosciences. L'état de l'art, les performances et les développements actuels sont résumés. Dans un deuxième volet, l'impact de la RFID au service de notre société avec un focus d'applications autour de l'autonomie et du handicap est présenté. Le dernier volet dresse un panorama des perspectives et tendances futures, annonciateurs de l'évolution grandissante des applications visées par la RFID et de la place qu'elle prendra au service de l'humanité.
Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) in cochlear implant (CI) patients are contaminated by the spread of a continuous CI electrical stimulation artifact. The aim of this work was to model the ...electrophysiological mixture of the CI artifact and the corresponding evoked potentials on scalp electrodes in order to evaluate the performance of denoising algorithms in eliminating the CI artifact in a controlled environment. The basis of the proposed computational framework is a neural mass model representing the nodes of the auditory pathways. Six main contributors to auditory evoked potentials from the cochlear level and up to the auditory cortex were taken into consideration. The simulated dynamics were then projected into a 3-layer realistic head model. 32-channel scalp recordings of the CI artifact-response were then generated by solving the electromagnetic forward problem. As an application, the framework's simulated 32-channel datasets were used to compare the performance of 4 commonly used Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms: infomax, extended infomax, jade and fastICA in eliminating the CI artifact. As expected, two major components were detectable in the simulated datasets, a low frequency component at the modulation frequency and a pulsatile high frequency component related to the stimulation frequency. The first can be attributed to the phase-locked ASSR and the second to the stimulation artifact. Among the ICA algorithms tested, simulations showed that infomax was the most efficient and reliable in denoising the CI artifact-response mixture. Denoising algorithms can induce undesirable deformation of the signal of interest in real CI patient recordings. The proposed framework is a valuable tool for evaluating these algorithms in a controllable environment ahead of experimental or clinical applications.
In this paper, a novel methodology to design Ultra High Frequency Radio‐Frequency IDentification (UHF RFID) tag antennas with Barcode layout is proposed with the challenging goal of “fusing” both ...technologies in a single device. Specifically, after a brief recall of the well‐known barcode standard, a procedure to design meandered barcode‐shaped UHF RFID tags is introduced and discussed leveraging on electromagnetic evidence. The main steps of the proposed method are described by highlighting the constraints inherited by both the adopted technologies, as well as the useful opportunities to automatise the entire antenna design process after a preliminary simulation campaign through a full‐wave simulator. Different RFID‐Barcode tag antennas are designed, manufactured, and characterised in terms of maximum reading range and tag sensitivity. Obtained results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
This paper presents a novel compact scatterer structure for a passive chipless wireless temperature threshold sensor. The structure is based on a single C-scatterer with multiple embedded slots; each ...slot forms a sub-scatterer dedicated to resonating in one regulated band. This structure has the advantage of increasing the data capacity without increasing the number of scatterers, which results in a more compact sensor size. The sensing principle is based on the detuning of the resonance frequency peaks of the backscattered signal from the slotted scatterer due to temperature variations. For the first time, this work demonstrates the design of a passive chipless sensor while at the same time respecting the conventional radio frequency (RF) emission regulations. The sensor only exploits the allowed bands: European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM). Sensitivity measurement results show sensitive characteristics in the order of 10−4 GHz/°C in accordance with the theoretical predictions.
This paper describes an effective method for improving the detection of UHF RFID (Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification) tags in a restricted area. The so-called zoning technique is a ...recurring problem in practical RFID applications: it consists in detecting within an environment with multiple tags that are exclusively present in the zone of interest. The proposed method is based on the concept of Nth harmonic, a new paradigm that involves utilizing the harmonic signals backscattered by tags. Such a method is coupled with a machine learning technique. Experimental results show the importance of harmonic features for better tags zoning. Using a four-layer CNN classifier, we can achieve 99% prediction accuracy by leaving a keep-out distance of 0.5 m between two zones, using the harmonic RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) sum feature, and 94.7% by using the best feature at f0, which is the RSSI max, achieving around 5 times less prediction errors. Furthermore, combining the harmonic and fundamental features leverage the prediction accuracy to 99.8%.
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