The content of adipokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in adipocytes isolated from epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 coronary heart disease patients. The content ...of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue was higher by 28.6 and 56.9% and the level of adiponectin was lower by 33% than in adipocytes of the subcutaneous fat. In culture of epicardial adipocytes, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1 were higher. Subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes were characterized by higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and FGF-β. In epicardial adipocytes of coronary heart disease patients, the concentrations of leptin, TNF-α, and IL-1 were higher, while the levels of defense regulatory molecules (adiponectin, IL-10, and FGF-β) were lower than in subcutaneous adipocytes.
Obesity and Aging: General Aspects Dyleva, Yu. A.; Belik, E. V.; Gruzdeva, O. V.
Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology,
03/2023, Letnik:
59, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes, and cancer; it also reduces ...life expectancy by up to 20 years, increasing the risk of premature death. It has been shown that obesity-associated metabolic changes are similar to those observed in aging. For example, obesity and aging share a similar range of phenotypes, such as genome disintegration, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immune system, and systemic inflammation. The commonality of mechanisms may underlie the acceleration of aging processes, both at molecular and systemic levels. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity can provide deeper insight into the processes that contribute to aging-related metabolic dysfunction. The present review addresses the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity and aging, as well as the issue of how obesity can activate aging, initiating the early onset of aging-related chronic diseases.
Adiponectin, the most common plasma adipocytokine, plays a crucial metabolic and anti-inflammatory role. With insulin resistance associated with obesity, an increase of adiponectin concentration, ...which leads to the activation of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of metabolism, occurs. Currently, adiponectin is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, although more research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling its levels. In this review, we will examine the main mechanisms that control adiponectin levels in blood serum and its role in insulin-sensitizing effect, as well as evaluate the potential use of adiponectin and its receptors as a potential therapeutic target.
Obesity is closely associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Adipose tissue (AT) is identified as a ...complex endocrine organ, with a wide range of regulatory functions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Various terms, including paracardiac, epicardial and pericardial, are used to describe the fatty deposits surrounding the heart. Among all the fat depots, perivascular AT (PVAT) is of great biological significance for the cardiovascular system due to its anatomical proximity to the vessels. Recent studies have shown the presence of a complex, bidirectional paracrine and vasocardial signaling system between the vascular wall and PVAT. In the review, we will discuss the biological role of PVAT in both the physiological state and cardiovascular pathology, emphasizing its dual proatherogenic and antiatherogenic role. Let us consider PVAT as a target for various therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. We will also analyze data on the role of non-invasive techniques as a diagnostic tool for assessing coronary artery inflammation.
Determination of the prognostic value of 1.5-anhydroglucitol (1.5-AG) for the development of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) within a year after a planned ...percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
A prospective study was conducted in Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease among 149 patients admitted to planned PCI in the period from 2016 to 2017. Criteria for inclusion in the study: age up to 70 years, angina I-IV functional classes or post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the presence of indications for planned PCI. -Exclusion criteria from the study: previous myocardial revascularization; prosthetic heart valves; decompensation of chronic heart failure, anemia of any degree; acute coronary syndrome in index hospitalization; exacerbation of somatic diseases. The results of the research were processed by Statistica Windows 6.0.
During the year after planned PCI, 39 (26.14%) cardiovascular events were registered in patients with CHD, of whom more than half of the cases (51.28%) were associated with the presence of indications for PCI of de novo. Lower levels of 1.5-AG were observed in the group of patients with cardiovascular events (p=0.000). When patients were divided according to median of the studied marker patients with a concentration of 1.5-AG less 20.96 μg/ml (before PCI) were more likely to have PCI after restenosis of the stent, compared with patients whose median concentration of this marker was higher (p=0.028). The logistic regression method revealed a significant direct relationship reflecting the prognostic value of lower concentration of 1.5-AG in relation to the development of cardiovascular events in patients regardless of the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders OR 0.25 (0.10-0.62).
According to the results of the study, the prognostic value of the concentration of 1.5-AG less 20.96 µg/ml was established in relation to the development of cardiovascular events in patients with CHD during the year after a planned PCI, regardless of the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
The work was aimed to evaluate the immunophenotype of adipose tissue stem cells isolated from epicardial and perivascular fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease and acquired heart ...disease. In cell culture obtained from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) (second passage) of patients with both coronary heart disease and acquired heart disease, there was a high (over 90%) expression of membrane proteins characteristic of stem cells. In addition to a major cell population, the two minor were found both in EAT and in PVAT cell cultures: (1) CD90
–
, CD105
+
, CD34
–/+
, CD73
+
, CD45
–
(putative endothelial), and (2) CD90
+
, CD105
–
, CD34
–
, CD73
–
, CD45
–
(the smallest). Thus, at early stages of cultivation, mesenchymal cells of the stromal vascular fraction isolated from EAT and PVAT express surface markers characteristic of adipose tissue stem cells.
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