Abstract Background The oral vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan causes aquaresis in patients with volume overload, potentially facilitating decongestion and improving the clinical course of ...patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Objectives To address the acute use of tolvaptan to improve congestion in AHF, we conducted the Targeting Acute Congestion with Tolvaptan in Congestive Heart Failure (TACTICS-HF, NCT01644331) study. Methods TACTICS-HF randomized patients within 24 hours of AHF presentation in a prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were eligible regardless of ejection fraction, and were randomized to either 30 mg of tolvaptan or placebo given at 0, 24, and 48 hours, with a fixed-dose furosemide regimen as background therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients considered responders at 24 hours. Secondary endpoints included symptom improvement, changes in renal function, and clinical events. Results A total of 257 patients were randomized. Dyspnea relief by Likert scale was similar between tolvaptan and placebo at 8 hours (25% moderately or markedly improved for tolvaptan vs. 28% placebo, p=0.59) and at 24 hours (50% tolvaptan vs. 47% placebo, p=0.80). Need for rescue therapy was also similar at 24 hours (21% tolvaptan, 18% placebo, p=0.57). The proportion defined as responders at 24 hours (primary study endpoint) was 16% for tolvaptan and 20% for placebo (p=0.32). Tolvaptan resulted in greater weight loss and net fluid loss compared to placebo, but tolvaptan-treated patients were more likely to experience worsening renal function during treatment. There were no differences in in-hospital or post-discharge clinical outcomes. Conclusions In patients hospitalized with AHF, dyspnea, and congestion, the addition of tolvaptan to a standardized furosemide regimen did not improve the number of responders at 24 hours despite greater weight loss and fluid loss.
The impact of COVID-19 severity on development of long-term sequelae remains unclear, and symptom courses are not well defined.
This ambidirectional cohort study recruited adults with new or ...worsening symptoms lasting ≥3 weeks from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between August 2020-December 2021. COVID-19 severity was defined as severe for those requiring hospitalization and mild for those not. Symptoms were collected using standardized questionnaires. Multivariable logistical regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between clinical variables and symptoms.
Of 332 participants enrolled, median age was 52 years (IQR 42-62), 233 (70%) were female, and 172 (52%) were African American. Antecedent COVID-19 was mild in 171 (52%) and severe in 161 (48%). In adjusted models relative to severe cases, mild COVID-19 was associated with greater odds of fatigue (OR:1.83, CI:1.01-3.31), subjective cognitive impairment (OR:2.76, CI:1.53-5.00), headaches (OR:2.15, CI:1.05-4.44), and dizziness (OR:2.41, CI:1.18-4.92). Remdesivir treatment was associated with less fatigue (OR:0.47, CI:0.26-0.86) and fewer participants scoring >1.5 SD on PROMIS Cognitive scales (OR:0.43, CI:0.20-0.92). Fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment prevalence was higher 3-6 months after COVID-19 and persisted (fatigue OR:3.29, CI:2.08-5.20; cognitive OR:2.62, CI:1.67-4.11). Headache was highest at 9-12 months (OR:5.80, CI:1.94-17.3).
Mild antecedent COVID-19 was associated with highly prevalent symptoms, and those treated with remdesivir developed less fatigue and cognitive impairment. Sequelae had a delayed peak, ranging 3-12 months post infection, and many did not improve over time, underscoring the importance of targeted preventative measures.
Racial and ethnic disparities in provision of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy have been identified. These disparities may be at least partially related to socioeconomic factors, ...including social support networks and financial constraints. This study aimed to identify specific barriers, and variations in institutional approaches, to the provision of equitable care to underserved populations. A survey was administered to 237 LVAD program personnel, including physicians, LVAD coordinators, and social workers, at more than 100 LVAD centers across 7 countries. Three fourths of respondents reported that their program required a support person to live with the LVAD patient for some period of time following implantation. In addition, 31% of respondents reported that patients with the inability to pay for medications are turned down at their program. The most significant barriers to successful LVAD implantation were lack of social support, lack of insurance, and lack of timely referral. The most consistently identified supports needed from the hospital system for success in underserved populations were the provision of a solution for patient transportation to and from hospital visits and the provision of financial support. This survey highlights the challenges facing LVAD programs that care for underserved patient populations and sets the stage for specific interventions aimed at reducing disparities in access to care.
Given rapid advancements in medical science, it is often challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on the fundamental and multifaceted aspects of preventive cardiology and maintain ...awareness of the latest guidelines applicable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The “American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” is a summary document (updated yearly) regarding CVD risk factors. This “ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” summary document reflects the perspective of the section authors regarding ten things to know about ten sentinel CVD risk factors. It also includes quick access to sentinel references (applicable guidelines and select reviews) for each CVD risk factor section. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the “ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” to provide a succinct overview of things to know about ten common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death for both women and men worldwide. In the United States (U.S.), there are significant disparities in cardiovascular risk factors and CVD ...outcomes among racial and ethnic minority populations, some of whom have the highest U.S. CVD incidence and mortality. Despite this, women and racial/ethnic minority populations remain underrepresented in cardiovascular clinical trials, relative to their disease burden and population percentage. The lack of diverse participants in trials is not only a moral and ethical issue, but a scientific concern, as it can limit application of future therapies. Providing comprehensive demographic data by sex and race/ethnicity and increasing representation of diverse participants into clinical trials are essential in assessing accurate drug response, safety and efficacy information. Additionally, diversifying investigators and clinical trial staff may assist with connecting to the language, customs, and beliefs of study populations and increase recruitment of participants from diverse backgrounds. In this review, a working group for the American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) reviewed the literature regarding the inclusion of women and individuals of diverse backgrounds into cardiovascular clinical trials, focusing on prevention, and provided recommendations of best practices for improving enrollment to be more representative of the U.S. society into trials.
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