P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We ...have characterized a PPC detector’s response to
α
particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p
+
surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the
Majorana
Demonstrator
experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (
0
ν
β
β
) in
76
Ge.
α
decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of
α
identification, reliably identifying
α
background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface
α
events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the
0
ν
β
β
region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the
Majorana
Demonstrator
and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment.
Abstract
We present the results of a search for core-collapse supernova neutrinos, using long-term KamLAND data from 2002 March 9 to 2020 April 25. We focus on the electron antineutrinos emitted from ...supernovae in the energy range of 1.8–111 MeV. Supernovae will make a neutrino event cluster with the duration of ∼10 s in the KamLAND data. We find no neutrino clusters and give the upper limit on the supernova rate to be 0.15 yr
−1
with a 90% confidence level. The detectable range, which corresponds to a >95% detection probability, is 40–59 kpc and 65–81 kpc for core-collapse supernovae and failed core-collapse supernovae, respectively. This paper proposes to convert the supernova rate obtained by the neutrino observation to the Galactic star formation rate. Assuming a modified Salpeter-type initial mass function, the upper limit on the Galactic star formation rate is <(17.5–22.7)
M
⊙
yr
−1
with a 90% confidence level.
Despite the relative decline in the incidence of cancer in Russia, stomach cancer continues to occupy the sixth place in the structure of cancer mortality. The surgical method is the main one in ...treatment, most often a gastrectomy with enlarged lymphodissection (D2) is performed. There remains the question of which method of digestive system reconstruction after gastrectomy that will provide a good quality of life and social rehabilitation of patients. Loop esophagoenteroanastomosis with intestinal system is the most simple option to restore the digestive system in which the passage of food off the duodenum, which in some patients leads to disruption of metabolic processes and development postgastrectomy functional disorders. To reduce the frequency of these problems using the recovery after gastrectomy physiological passage of food through the duodenum.Objective. To study the characteristics of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in patients after gastrectomy and petilium option esophagoenteroanastomosis and reservoir enogastronomici with redoutensale.Material and Methods. Using samples with a double load Staube–Traugott, hyperglycemic coefficient Bowden, determining the level of total blood protein and albumin-globulin ratio, were studied peculiarities of metabolic processes after gastrectomy in 25 patients, digestive system that was restored loop method esophageal-intestinal anastomosis and in 23 patients – enogastronomici.Results. It was established an advantage in the recovery of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in the group of patients with a reservoir enogastronomico after 3 months after surgery. Tank possible small bowel transplant, replacement remote stomach and the reconstruction of the duodenal passage is allowed to eat more food in single dose (530 ± 80 ml) than after loop reconstruction method (380 ± 50 ml).Conclusion. The best characteristics of protein and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as a good reservoir function of the proposed method gastric replacement with small intestine can achieve the optimum recovery of metabolic processes and to improve the quality of life of patients after gastrectomy.
The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudomallei strain 57576 produces two partially O-acetylated O-antigenic polysaccharides (PS-I and PS-II). Methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ...including NOE experiments, showed PS-I to have the structure formula: see text and PS-II to have the structure formula: see text where 6dmanHep is the unusual higher sugar 6-deoxy-D-manno-heptose. PS-II is produced also by P. pseudomallei strains 100 and 110, and PS-I and O-deacetylated PS-II by strain 97.
Abstract
We report the result of a search for neutrinos in coincidence with solar flares from the GOES flare database. The search was performed on a 10.8 kton-year exposure of KamLAND collected from ...2002 to 2019. This large exposure allows us to explore previously unconstrained parameter space for solar flare neutrinos. We found no statistical excess of neutrinos and established 90% confidence level upper limits of 8.4 × 10
7
cm
−2
(3.0 × 10
9
cm
−2
) on the electron antineutrino (electron neutrino) fluence at 20 MeV normalized to the X12 flare, assuming that the neutrino fluence is proportional to the X-ray intensity.
Polygraphus proximus
, a four-eyed fir bark beetle, is an invasive bark beetle species which has caused extensive damage to forests of
Abies sibirica
in southern and western Siberia and to
Abies
...species in the European part of Russia. There is a high risk that the pest insect will spread to areas where it is currently not considered present, such as the European Union. In these areas, it threatens to attack conifer forests of various species which may result in major environmental and economic impact. The aim of this study was to identify pheromone components of
P. proximus
that can be used as pheromone baits. Males and females of
P. proximus
were allowed to bore into the bark of stem sections of
Abies sibirica
at the laboratory, and volatiles were collected with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Analyses of these extracts with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed several sex-specific compounds. In total, twelve male-specific compounds and one female-specific compound were identified. The major male-specific compound determined by GC peak area was (
Z
)‐2‐(3,3‐dimethylcyclohexylidene)‐ethanol (
Z
)-DMCHE and the minor male-specific compounds were 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-butenal, benzyl alcohol, fragranol, 7-methyl-3-methylene-6-octen-1-ol, (
Z
)- and (
E
)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, geraniol, geranial and papayanol. The only female-specific compound was identified as 1-hexanol. Two of the male-specific compounds, (
Z
)‐DMCHE and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol were shown to attract males and females of
P. proximus
in field studies. Thus, we now for the first time can present the structures of two male-specific components that are biologically active parts of
P. proximus
aggregation pheromone. However, some chemical communication overlap between
P. proximus
and
P. subopacus
needs to be further investigated as (
Z
)‐DMCHE also attracted males and females of
P. subopacus
.
Abstract
We present the results of a time-coincident event search for low-energy electron antineutrinos in the KamLAND detector with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network and ...Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. Using a variable coincidence time window of ±500 s plus the duration of each GRB, no statistically significant excess above the background is observed. We place the world’s most stringent 90% confidence level upper limit on the electron antineutrino fluence below 17.5 MeV. Assuming a Fermi–Dirac neutrino energy spectrum from the GRB source, we use the available redshift data to constrain the electron antineutrino luminosity and effective temperature.
Advancements in measurement and modeling capabilities are providing unprecedented access to estimates of chemical exposure and bioactivity. With this influx of new data, there is a need for ...frameworks that help organize and disseminate information on chemical hazard and exposure in a manner that is accessible and transparent. A case study approach was used to demonstrate integration of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) and Aggregate Exposure Pathway (AEP) frameworks to support cumulative risk assessment of co-exposure to two phthalate esters that are ubiquitous in the environment and that are associated with disruption of male sexual development in the rat: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). A putative AOP was developed to guide selection of an in vitro assay for derivation of bioactivity values for DEHP and DnBP and their metabolites. AEPs for DEHP and DnBP were used to extract key exposure data as inputs for a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict internal metabolite concentrations. These metabolite concentrations were then combined using in vitro-based relative potency factors for comparison with an internal dose metric, resulting in an estimated margin of safety of ~13,000. This case study provides an adaptable workflow for integrating exposure and toxicity data by coupling AEP and AOP frameworks and using in vitro and in silico methodologies for cumulative risk assessment.
•Major exposure routes extracted from an AEP were used to estimate exposures to DEHP and DnBP.•A new AOP was developed for disruption of male development through reduced testosterone production via inhibition of c-PLA2.•A margin of safety was determined for aggregate exposures to DEHP and DnBP.•These AEP-AOP frameworks will inform decisions in cumulative risk assessment.
PDF
