A Catholic Christian teams about the existential therapeutic approach in a counseling course in graduate school, and adapts it to his future work in pastoral ministry. He relates how a theistic ...existentialism best explains the human dilemma and what it means to live authentically from his religious perspective. Keywords Theistic existentialism, psychotherapy, Christianity, mindfulness, religion
Coclass theory can be used to define infinite families of finite
p
-groups of a fixed coclass. It is conjectured that the groups in one of these infinite families all have isomorphic mod-
p
...cohomology rings. Here we prove that almost all groups in one of these infinite families have equivalent Quillen categories. We also show how the Quillen categories of the groups in an infinite family are connected to the Quillen category of their associated infinite pro-
p
-group of finite coclass.
The transduction of electric signals from cells to electronic devices is mandatory for medical applications such as neuroprostheses and fundamental research on communication in neuronal networks. ...Here, the use of diamond with its advantages for biological applications as a new material for biohybrid devices for the detection of cell signals is investigated. Using the surface conductivity of hydrogen‐terminated single‐crystalline diamond substrates, arrays of solution‐gate field‐effect transistors were fabricated. The characterization of the transistors reveals a good stability in electrolyte solutions for at least 7 days. On these devices, cardiomyocyte‐like HL‐1 cells as well as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), which were stably transfected with potassium channels, are cultured. Both types of cells show healthy growth and good adhesion to the substrate. The diamond transistors are used to detect electrical signals from both types of cells by recording the extracellular potential. For the HL‐1 cells, the shape of action potentials can be resolved and the propagation of the signal across the cell layer is visible. Potassium currents of HEK293 cells are activated with the patch‐clamp technique in voltage‐clamp mode and simultaneously measured with the field‐effect transistors. The ion sensitivity of the diamond surface enables the detection of released potassium ions accumulated in the cleft between transistor and cell.
Diamond field effect transistor arrays are fabricated for the transduction of electric cell signals. Operation in electrolyte environment verifies the promising characteristics of diamond as a material for bioelectronics. Cardiomyocyte‐like HL‐1 cells and HEK293 cells are grown on these arrays (see image). The signals of both cell types are successfully detected and analyzed with regard to the cell–transistor coupling.
In mammals, the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II consists of 52 conserved heptapeptide repeats containing the consensus sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. ...Post-translational modifications of the CTD coordinate the transcription cycle and various steps of mRNA maturation. Here we describe Tyr1 phosphorylation (Tyr1P) as a hallmark of promoter (5' associated) Pol II in mammalian cells, in contrast to what was described in yeast. Tyr1P is predominantly found in antisense orientation at promoters but is also specifically enriched at active enhancers. Mutation of Tyr1 to phenylalanine (Y1F) prevents the formation of the hyper-phosphorylated Pol IIO form, induces degradation of Pol II to the truncated Pol IIB form, and results in a lethal phenotype. Our results suggest that Tyr1P has evolved specialized and essential functions in higher eukaryotes associated with antisense promoter and enhancer transcription, and Pol II stability.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02105.001.
The post-translational modification of key residues at the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2-CTD) coordinates transcription, splicing, and RNA processing by modulating its capacity to act ...as a landing platform for a variety of protein complexes. Here, we identify a new modification at the CTD, the deimination of arginine and its conversion to citrulline by peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2), an enzyme that has been associated with several diseases, including cancer. We show that, among PADI family members, only PADI2 citrullinates R1810 (Cit1810) at repeat 31 of the CTD. Depletion of PADI2 or loss of R1810 results in accumulation of RNAP2 at transcription start sites, reduced gene expression, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Cit1810 is needed for interaction with the P-TEFb (positive transcription elongation factor b) kinase complex and for its recruitment to chromatin. In this way, CTD-Cit1810 favors RNAP2 pause release and efficient transcription in breast cancer cells.
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•PADI2 citrullinates arginine1810 (cit1810) at CTD of RNA polymerase II (RNAP2)•PADI2 and R1810 regulate transcription and proliferation of breast cancer cells•Absence of cit1810 leads to RNAP2 accumulation at proximal promoter regions•Cit1810 facilitates interaction of RNAP2 with P-TEFb complex
Sharma et al. discovered that arginine1810 at the C-terminal domain of RNAP2 is deiminated to citrulline (cit1810) by the peptidyl arginine deiminase 2. The cit1810 is required to facilitate RNAP2 association with P-TEFb complex and consequently allows the efficient transcription of the highly transcribed genes relevant for cellular proliferation.
During 2001 to 2004, a study was conducted to assess the indoor environmental and health impact of installing allergen-reducing interventions in the homes of asthmatic children. Based on the results ...of a pilot study, to determine an intervention that would provide improved symptom scores and a reduction in house dust mite allergen (
Der p 1), mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) systems were installed in 16 homes. Environmental and respiratory health assessments were conducted before and after the installation of the MVHR systems. The results indicated that the installation of MVHR systems reduced
Der p 1 concentrations in living room carpets and mattresses. There were significant reductions in symptom scores for breathlessness during exercise, wheezing, and coughing during the day and night. Although, there was not a parallel control group for the main study, the lack of change in the pilot study control group (who did not receive an intervention), indicated that the changes in symptom scores were in part to do with the intervention. Larger scale trials are needed to determine the efficacy of MVHR systems in homes to improve indoor air quality and reduce asthma symptoms.
► Investigation of anti-allergen interventions. ► Asthma status recorded using symptom scores. ► Installation of mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR). ► Non-significant changes in environmental quality. ► Significant improvements in asthma symptoms.
Objectives
To assess a selection of host‐derived biomarkers in peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from adjacent teeth 10 years following implant placement.
Material ...and methods
Peri‐implant sulcus fluid and GCF samples obtained from the deepest sites of 504 implants and 493 adjacent teeth were analysed for levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3, MMP‐8, MMP‐1, and MMP‐1 bound to tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1 (MMP‐1/TIMP‐1) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
Results
Overall, MMP‐8 was detected in 90% of the sites. In more than 50% of the sites, IL‐1β was identified while in 30% of the sites MMP‐1, MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 and MMP‐3 were found over the detection level. Increased biomarkers levels from PISF and GCF were positively correlated (r = 0.375–0.702; P < 0.001). However, no qualitative and quantitative differences were found between PISF and GCF. The levels of MMP‐1 were negatively correlated with those of MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 at implants (r = −0.644; P < 0.001). Median MMP‐1 levels at implants were high (5.17 pg/site) in subjects with severe chronic periodontitis and low in patients with mild‐to‐moderate chronic periodontitis (0 pg/site; P = 0.026) or gingivitis (0 pg/site; P = 0.034). Levels of IL‐1β were found to be different in GCF according to the periodontal conditions (P = 0.001) with the highest level found in mild‐to‐moderate periodontitis (6.2 pg/site). Clinical attachment levels at implants demonstrated an inverse correlation with MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 (r = −0.147; P = 0.001).
Conclusions
Increased levels of MMP‐8 and IL‐1β in PISF or GCF may be associated with inflammation around teeth and implants while lower levels of MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 may be an indicator of disease progression around implants.
•Scales of the process in length and time are identified for aluminium electrolysis.•Four modelling approaches describing essential features are presented.•Coupling between modelling approaches is ...discussed and demonstrated.
Aluminium metal production through electrolytic reduction of alumina in a cryolite bath is a complex, multi-physics, multi-scale process, including magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD), bubble flow, thermal convection, melting and solidification phenomena based on a set of chemical reactions.
Through interactions of the different forces applied to the liquid bath combined with the different time and length scales, self-organised fluctuations occur. Moreover, the MHD behaviour causes a complex metal pad profile and a series of surface waves due to the meta-stable condition of the metal/cryolite interface.
The large aspect ratio of an industrial cell, with a footprint of 20 by 4m and at the same time having dimensions approaching just 30mm of height for the reaction zone, prevents an integrated approach where all relevant physics are included in a single mathematical model of this large degree of freedom system. In order to overcome these challenges, different modelling approaches have been established in ANSYS® FLUENT®; Three models are used to predict details of specific physics: one to predict the electro-magnetic forces and hence the metal pad profile, a second that resolves details of the local bubble dynamics around a single anode and a third for the full cell bath flow. Results from these models are coupled to allow integration of the different phenomena into a full cell alumina distribution model. The current paper outlines each of the approaches and presents how the coupling between them can be realized in a complete framework, aiming to provide new insight into the process.
Population-based febrile respiratory illness surveillance conducted by the Department of Defense contributes to an estimate of vaccine effectiveness. Between January and March 2011, 64 cases of 2009 ...A/H1N1 (pH1N1), including one fatality, were confirmed in immunized recruits at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, suggesting insufficient efficacy for the pH1N1 component of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).
To test serologic protection, serum samples were collected at least 30 days post-vaccination from recruits at Fort Jackson (LAIV), Parris Island (LAIV and trivalent inactivated vaccine TIV) at Cape May, New Jersey (TIV) and responses measured against pre-vaccination sera. A subset of 78 LAIV and 64 TIV sera pairs from recruits who reported neither influenza vaccination in the prior year nor fever during training were tested by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. MN results demonstrated that seroconversion in paired sera was greater in those who received TIV versus LAIV (74% and 37%). Additionally, the fold change associated with TIV vaccination was significantly different between circulating (2011) versus the vaccine strain (2009) of pH1N1 viruses (ANOVA p value = 0.0006). HI analyses revealed similar trends. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that the quantity, IgG/IgM ratios, and affinity of anti-HA antibodies were significantly greater in TIV vaccinees. Finally, sequence analysis of the HA1 gene in concurrent circulating 2011 pH1N1 isolates from Fort Jackson exhibited modest amino acid divergence from the vaccine strain.
Among military recruits in 2011, serum antibody response differed by vaccine type (LAIV vs. TIV) and pH1N1 virus year (2009 vs. 2011). We hypothesize that antigen drift in circulating pH1N1 viruses contributed to reduce vaccine effectiveness at Fort Jackson. Our findings have wider implications regarding vaccine protection from circulating pH1N1 viruses in 2011-2012.
Lesbian and bisexual women (LBs) have unique health needs compared with heterosexual women (HW).
This study aimed to associate the health status of LB, their health behavior, disclosure of sexual ...orientation (SO), and avoidance of health care with that of HW.
Participants in this cross-sectional study completed anonymous questionnaires, which were distributed in Internet sites and public venues in Israel, comparing health behaviors and outcomes between LB and HW.
Health outcomes included subjective health status, general practitioner or gynecologist visit in the last 6 months, and satisfaction from the Israeli healthcare system.
In 2012, 681 (34.4%) lesbians, 242 (13.5%) bisexual women, and 937 (52.1%) HW completed the questionnaire. In comparison with HW, LBs were more commonly single, used drugs/alcohol, smoked, experienced eating disorders, and reported an earlier sexual debut. In comparison with all women, lesbians performed less physical activities and were more satisfied with their body weight, whereas bisexuals had riskier sexual behavior and reported more verbal/physical abuse. LB reported more emergency room visits, more visits to psychiatrists, yet underwent Pap smears less frequently compared with HW. In a multivariate analysis, lesbians had fewer gynecologists' visits and were less satisfied with the healthcare system than HW, whereas bisexuals visited their general practitioner or gynecologist less frequently and were less satisfied with the primary healthcare system. Lesbians were more likely to disclose their SO with their doctors than bisexuals and were satisfied with the disclosure. Nondisclosure of SO was correlated with poor subjective health status. The interaction between being bisexual and nondisclosure of SO was strong.
LB utilized health care less frequently than HW, resulting in unmet medical needs. SO disclosure was associated with better healthcare utilization and health outcomes, especially among bisexuals. Providers should be trained about LB's unique health needs and improve their communication skills to encourage SO disclosure. Mor Z, Eick U, Wagner Kolasko G, Zviely-Efrat I, Makadon H, and Davidovitch N. Health status, behavior, and care of lesbian and bisexual women in Israel. J Sex Med 2015;12:1249–1256.
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