Hepatitis E virus is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. We analyzed reports of hepatitis E outbreaks among forcibly displaced populations in sub-Saharan Africa during 2010-2020. Twelve ...independent outbreaks occurred, and >30,000 cases were reported. Transmission was attributed to poor sanitation and overcrowding.
The 2013–16 Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa was associated with unprecedented challenges in the provision of care to patients with Ebola virus disease, including absence of pre-existing ...isolation and treatment facilities, patients' reluctance to present for medical care, and limitations in the provision of supportive medical care. Case fatality rates in west Africa were initially greater than 70%, but decreased with improvements in supportive care. To inform optimal care in a future outbreak of Ebola virus disease, we employed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to develop evidence-based guidelines for the delivery of supportive care to patients admitted to Ebola treatment units. Key recommendations include administration of oral and, as necessary, intravenous hydration; systematic monitoring of vital signs and volume status; availability of key biochemical testing; adequate staffing ratios; and availability of analgesics, including opioids, for pain relief.
Background: Sickle cell disease is related to many health issues (such as stroke, severe infections, and sickle cell crisis) and elevated risk of death. This study was aimed to investigate and ...compare microalbuminuria (MAU), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 156 cases and 156 control subjects were included. MAU, creatinine, GFR, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Results: The estimated levels of MAU and creatinine were significantly higher in cases than controls, but the mean of BMI and GFR was significantly lower in cases than the control group. In patients of sickle cell disease, the mean MAU, GFR, creatinine, and BMI levels in females, rural area residents, and subjects aged 2–13 years were higher than controls, P < 0.05. MAU and GFR were also higher (P < 0.05) in males and subjects aged 14–25 years of study cases than controls. Conclusion: Accordingly, this study indicated the impact of SCD in MAU, creatinine, GFR, and BMI, which are significant in the diagnosis of nephropathy.
: The current study aimed to detect the frequency of normal and mutated APOL1 alleles in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and test their relation with Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, Urea, Glomerular ...Filtration Rate (GFR), and Body Mass Index (BMI).
: The study included 156 SCD subjects. Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) and Urea (mg/dl) as well as Microalbuminuria (mg/l) level were measured by using Biosystems kit (Biosystems, Barcelona, Spain) and Mindary BA88A semi-automated biochemistry analyzer. Glomerular filtration rate and body mass index were calculated by equations. Blood DNA extraction was achieved by using the modified G-DEX™IIb Genomic DNA Extraction Kit protocol. The PCR was done for the detection of the APOL1 G2 rs60910145 alleles by using allele-specific PCR and primers.
: The CC allele was more frequent in study cases (66.7%) than TT allele. The frequency of a mutated allele (CC) was insignificantly higher in males (67.8%) than in females (65.2%) and in rural (70.9%) than urban areas. It is also higher in Shankhab compared to other tribes and subjects 26-37 years compared to other, P˃0.05. Interstingly, the subjects who carry the CC allele showed a significantly higher level of Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, BMI, and Urea compared to those carry TT allele. Moreover, GFR is also higher in subjects who carry CC than TT allele but it is not significant.
: Altogether, the study findings highlighted the link of normal and mutated APOL1 G2 rs60910145 alleles with SCD and displayed the significant value of mutated APOL1 allele in the prediction of early nephropathy in SCD patients.
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease that arises from several genetic mutations in a single B- or T-lymphoid precursor, resulting in altered blast cell survival, ...proliferation, and maturation. Objectives: This current study was aimed to determine the significance of aberrant CD133 and 45 expressions in Sudanese Patients with Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia, and their clinical significance in Khartoum state. Materials and Methods: One hundred Sudanese participants were enrolled in this study as follows: 88 Patients diagnosed with ALL as a case and 12 healthy controls donors were randomly selected. 2.5-5 mL of EDTA blood/bone marrow for flowcytometry from each patient and controls subject. Results: Eighty-eight newly diagnosed Sudanese patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were involved in this study, their age average is (15.7) and their stander deviation (SD) is 17.4. The frequency of aberrant markers concerning control groups was significantly associated with all patients in CD 45 with a P value (0.0001), while there was no difference between cases and control in the frequency of CD 133 antigen, there was no significant difference between age groups in the expression of different aberrant antigens. The study was significantly more expressed CD133 in males than females. Also no significant difference in hematological parameters between patients with or without expression of Aberrant CD 45 and 133 markers, while we found significantly high TWBCs in T. cell leukemia. Conclusion: Aberrant myeloid antigens CD45 was significantly associated with childhood and adult ALL and may be considered as important prognostic factors, while CD 133 were not associated with ALL.
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