Aims. The infall of material onto a protostar, in the case of optically thick line emission, produces an asymmetry in the blue- and red-wing line emissions. For an angularly resolved emission, this ...translates in a blue central spot in the first-order moment (intensity weighted velocity) map. Methods. An analytical expression for the first-order moment intensity as a function of the projected distance was derived, for the cases of infinite and finite infall radius. The effect of a finite angular resolution, which requires the numerical convolution with the beam, was also studied. Results. This method was applied to existing data of several star-forming regions, namely G31.41+0.31 HMC, B335, and LDN 1287, obtaining good fits to the first-order moment intensity maps, and deriving values of the central masses onto which the infall is taking place (G31.41+0.31 HMC: 70–120 M⊙; B335: 0.1 M⊙; Guitar Core of LDN 1287: 4.8 M⊙). The central-blue-spot infall hallmark appears to be a robust and reliable indicator of infall.
There are many descriptive studies regarding the needs of the family, as well as those regarding nursing care aimed directly at family members. However, there is no widespread application of such ...evidence in clinical practice. There has also been no analysis made of the evolution of patterns of knowing during the act of improving clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to understand the change process aimed at improving care to critical patient's families, and to explore the evolution of patterns of knowing that nurses use in this process.
Qualitative study with a Participatory Action Research method, in accordance with the Kemmis and McTaggart model. In this model, nurses can observe their practice, reflect upon it and compare it with scientific evidence, as well as define, deploy and evaluate improvement strategies adapted to the context. Simultaneously, the process of empowerment derived from the Participatory Action Research allows for the identification of patterns of knowing and their development over time. The research will take place in the Intensive Care Units of a tertiary hospital. The participants will be nurses who are part of the regular workforce of these units, with more than five years of experience in critical patients, and who are motivated to consider and critique their practice. Data collection will take place through participant observation, multi-level discussion group meetings and documentary analysis. A content analysis will be carried out, following a process of codification and categorisation, with the help of Nvivo10. The approval date and the beginning of the funding were December 2012 and 2013, respectively.
The definition, introduction and evaluation of care strategies for family members will allow for their real and immediate implementation in practice. The study of the patterns of knowing in the Participatory Action Research will be part of the theoretical and practical feedback process of a professional discipline. Also, the identification of the construction and evolution of knowledge will provide decision elements to managers and academics when choosing strategies for increased quality.
Introduction
The physical limitations experienced by people with chronic pain (CP) produce a greater need for care and assistance, most of which is provided by an informal caregiver (IC). Despite the ...key role ICs play in the everyday lives of individuals living with CP, knowledge about their experiences and needs is limited. We aimed to address this limitation by exploring the experiences of IC of people with CP.
Methods
This is a qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews. Participants were 12 ICs purposively chosen from the Unit of Pain at the University Hospital in Cádiz. Individual interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed following thematic analysis.
Results
We developed one overarching theme ‘Becoming a secondary actor of one's own life’ and three themes: 1. Key elements that shape a caregiver's experiences; 2. It's the hand that life dealt me; 3. The burden of being a caregiver and coping strategies.
Conclusions
This study's findings highlight how the CP impacts IC lives. Being an IC for a relative with CP became the most important role in the IC's life, to the point of casting a shadow over their own needs. Besides, participants felt not having other options but to keep going with that role. Yet, the context was essential in shaping the experiences as caregivers and the burden derived from caregiving. In this line, differences related to gender roles were found in the narratives of participant women and men.
Patient or Public Contribution
Participants were purposively chosen from the Unit of Pain at the University Hospital ‘Puerta del Mar’ who attended the consultation accompanying their relatives. All the eligible participants were approached by the clinician. After this initial approach by the clinician, one of the researchers met the potential participant and they went to a quieter place in a clinical setting for the interview, before which the participant was shown a letter with more comprehensive information about the study and its aim. The participants were left alone to read and think carefully before giving their written informed consent. Participation was voluntary and the subjects received no financial contribution for their time.
We present sensitive and high angular-resolution (∼0 2-0 3) (sub)millimeter (230 and 345 GHz) continuum and CO(2−1)/CO(3−2) line archive observations of the disk star system in UX Tauri carried out ...with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. These observations reveal the gas and dusty disk surrounding the young star UX Tauri A with a large signal-to-noise ratio (>400 in the continuum and >50 in the line), and for the first time we detect the molecular gas emission associated with the disk of UX Tauri C (with a size for the disk of <56 au). No (sub)millimeter continuum emission is detected at the 5 level (0.2 mJy at 0.85 mm) associated with UX Tauri C. For the component UX Tauri C, we estimate a dust disk mass of ≤0.05 M⊕. Additionally, we report a strong tidal disk interaction between both disks, UX Tauri A/C, separated 360 au in projected distance. The CO line observations reveal marked spiral arms in the disk of UX Tauri A and an extended redshifted stream of gas associated with the UX Tauri C disk. No spiral arms are observed in the dust continuum emission of UX Tauri A. Assuming a Keplerian rotation we estimate the enclosed masses (disk+star) from their radial velocities in 1.4 0.6 M for UX Tauri A, and 70 30/sin i Jupiter masses for UX Tauri C (the latter coincides with the mass upper limit value for a brown dwarf). The observational evidence presented here lead us to propose that UX Tauri C has a close approach of a possible wide, evolving, and eccentric orbit around the disk of UX Tauri A, causing the formation of spiral arms and a stream of molecular gas falling toward UX Tauri C.
We present subarcsecond 1.3 mm continuum ALMA observations toward the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 South (OMC-1S) region, down to a spatial resolution of 74 au, which reveal a total of 31 continuum ...sources. We also present subarcsecond 7 mm continuum VLA observations of the same region, which allow further study of fragmentation down to a spatial resolution of 40 au. By applying a method of "mean surface density of companions" we find a characteristic spatial scale at ∼560 au, and we use this spatial scale to define the boundary of 19 "cores" in OMC-1S as groupings of millimeter sources. We find an additional characteristic spatial scale at ∼2800 au, which is the typical scale of the filaments in OMC-1S, suggesting a two-level fragmentation process. We measured the fragmentation level within each core and find a higher fragmentation toward the southern filament. In addition, the cores of the southern filament are also the densest cores (within 1100 au) in OMC-1S. This is fully consistent with previous studies of fragmentation at spatial scales one order of magnitude larger, and suggests that fragmentation down to 40 au seems to be governed by thermal Jeans processes in OMC-1S.
Background and Aims
We aimed to analyze the correlation of urinary with serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations and its association with severity in acute ...bronchiolitis.
Material and Methods
A pilot observational study was conducted between October 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 including acute bronchiolitis cases who attended our institution. Serum and urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations were determined using the Alere i NT‐proBNP assay in time‐matched urine and blood samples. The Mann−Whitney U test, Spearman's correlations, and simple linear regression were utilized to analyze the association of urine NT‐proBNP levels with serum NT‐proBNP and with variables indicative of severe bronchiolitis.
Results
Seventeen infants (median age 68 IQR: 36−91 days) with 36 time‐matched samples were included. The urine NT‐proBNP was positively and strongly correlated with the serum NT‐proBNP concentrations (Spearman's ρ = 0.81 & R2 coefficient = 0.751; p < 0.001), and increased with higher C‐reactive protein, (p = 0.004), procalcitonin (p = 0.001), and pCO2 (p = 0.029) levels. The initial urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations were higher in those infants that required ventilatory support compared with those without this outcome (1.85 IQR: 1.16−2.44 vs. 0.63 IQR: 0.45−0.84 pg/mg); p < 0.001); and resulted positively and strongly correlated with the duration of the ventilatory support (Spearman's ρ = 0.76; p < 0.001) and the length of stay hospitalization (Spearman's ρ = 0.84; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations could be a reliable surrogate for serum NT‐proBNP levels and resulted elevated in cases of acute bronchiolitis with complicated evolution, suggesting a potential as a noninvasive tool to assess severity in this setting.
Intraspecific competition plays an important role for territory acquisition and occupancy, in turn affecting individual fitness. Thus, understanding the drivers of intraspecific aggression can ...increase our understanding of population dynamics. Here, we investigated intraspecific aggression in Eurasian (Castor fiber) and North American (Castor canadensis) beavers that are both monogamous, territorial mammals. Combined, we examined tail scars from >1,000 beavers (>2,000 capture events) as part of two long‐term studies in Norway and the USA. We investigated the influence of landscape structure, population density, sex, age, and (for Eurasian beavers only) social status and group size on the number of tail scars caused by conspecifics. The number of tail scars was affected by population density in well‐connected landscape types (large lakes and rivers), but not in more isolated areas (ponds), where individuals generally had fewer tail scars. Further, the relationship of population density was not linear. In the North American beaver population occurring in large lakes, intraspecific aggression increased with population density. Conversely, in the saturated Eurasian beaver population, intraspecific aggression was in a negative relationship with population density (except at the highest densities), likely due to inverse density‐dependent intruder pressure via dispersers. Our findings emphasize that population density can affect intraspecific aggression depending on landscape structure, which might have important consequences for local patterns of dispersal, mate change, and territory occupancy, all of which can affect population dynamics.
We investigated intraspecific aggression in beavers using tail scars from >1,000 individuals. The number of tail scars was affected by population density in well‐connected landscape types (large lakes and rivers), but not in more isolated areas (ponds), where individuals generally had fewer tail scars. Our findings emphasize that population density can affect intraspecific aggression depending on landscape structure, which might have important consequences for local patterns of dispersal, mate change, and territory occupancy, all of which can affect population dynamics.
Reflections arising from the COVID-19 pandemic Raurell-Torredà, M; Martínez-Estalella, G; Frade-Mera, M J ...
Enfermería Intensiva (English ed.),
04/2020, Letnik:
31, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
While we were drafting the recommendations for the joint contingency plan between the Spanish Society of Intensive Care and Coronary Unit Nursing (SEEIUC) and the Spanish Society of Intensive and ...Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), predictions were overtaken by events with regard to the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic. Members informed us of the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE), the rapid provision of improvised ICUs in various hospital areas and the recruitment of nurses to cover shifts. The failure to recognise the specialty of critical care nursing, included in the macro-specialty of medical-surgical nursing and not yet developed, has highlighted the urgent need to learn from our mistakes: specialisation, increase the number of nurses in teams and protect the public health system.
Magnetic Fields in the Formation of Massive Stars Girart, Josep M; Beltrán, Maria T; Zhang, Qizhou ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
06/2009, Letnik:
324, Številka:
5933
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Massive stars play a crucial role in the production of heavy elements and in the evolution of the interstellar medium, yet how they form is still a matter of debate. We report high-angular-resolution ...submillimeter observations toward the massive hot molecular core (HMC) in the high-mass star-forming region G31.41+0.31. We find that the evolution of the gravitational collapse of the HMC is controlled by the magnetic field. The HMC is simultaneously contracting and rotating, and the magnetic field lines threading the HMC are deformed along its major axis, acquiring an hourglass shape. The magnetic energy dominates over the centrifugal and turbulence energies, and there is evidence of magnetic braking in the contracting core.
ABSTRACT We present observations of the 1.3 mm continuum emission toward hub-N and hub-S of the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506 carried out with the Submillimeter Array, together with observations ...of the dust emission at 870 and 350 m obtained with APEX and CSO telescopes. The large-scale dust emission of both hubs consists of a single peaked clump elongated in the direction of the associated filament. At small scales, the SMA images reveal that both hubs fragment into several dust condensations. The fragmentation level was assessed under the same conditions and we found that hub-N presents 4 fragments while hub-S is more fragmented, with 13 fragments identified. We studied the density structure by means of a simultaneous fit of the radial intensity profile at 870 and 350 m and the spectral energy distribution adopting a Plummer-like function to describe the density structure. The parameters inferred from the model are remarkably similar in both hubs, suggesting that density structure could not be responsible for determining the fragmentation level. We estimated several physical parameters, such as the level of turbulence and the magnetic field strength, and we found no significant differences between these hubs. The Jeans analysis indicates that the observed fragmentation is more consistent with thermal Jeans fragmentation compared with a scenario in which turbulent support is included. The lower fragmentation level observed in hub-N could be explained in terms of stronger UV radiation effects from a nearby H ii region, evolutionary effects, and/or stronger magnetic fields at small scales, a scenario that should be further investigated.
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