Display omitted
•PVD grown Al-Si alloys with Si content from 0 to 10at.%.•Al layers before and after anodizing are strongly affected in the microstructure by the Si presence.•Anodic oxide layers are ...highly heterogeneous: Si accumulates close to the metal-oxide inter-face.•Important formation of voids and defects is observed in the anodic oxide growth in presence of Si in Al layer.
For Al alloys (e.g. Al-Si series) surface treatment like anodizing is a necessary step for applications in aggressive environments. Si-surface enrichment caused by processing can alter importantly the anodizing process. Model alloys with Si supersaturated in Al layer grown by PVD have been used to investigate the effect of the Si content on the anodizing process. Different Si concentrations of 0, 4, 7, 10at.% are considered and compared. The morphology and in-depth microstructure of the oxides are derived for the different Si contents and anodizing potentials. Si was found to have a dramatic effect on the void and defect formation during barrier Al oxides growth even for Si concentrations as low as 4at.%. Importantly, the anodizing oxide layer appears to be heterogeneous in the cross section, with Si accumulation close to the metal oxide interface while pure Al oxide is first formed as a barrier on the top surface.
A compton spectrometer to monitor the ELI-NP gamma beam energy Borgheresi, R.; Adriani, O.; Albergo, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2019, Letnik:
936
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The ELI-NP facility (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics) will deliver an intense and almost monochromatic gamma beam for frontier research in nuclear physics. Peculiar devices and ...techniques have been developed to measure and monitor the beam parameters during the commissioning and the operational phase. In this work we will present the Compton Spectrometer, designed to reconstruct the γ beam energy spectrum, by measuring the energy and the position of Compton scattered electrons. The energy and the angle of the scattered electron are measured by a High Purity Germanium detector and a double sided silicon strip detector. The associated photon is detected in coincidence with the electron by barium fluoride (BaF2) crystals for trigger purpose. In this work we report the status of the characterization carried out on the detectors composing the spectrometer.
•Compton spectrometer, designed to reconstruct the ELI-NP γ beam energy spectrum.•Energy of the scattered e− measured with a High Purity Germanium detector.•Scattered angle determined by a double sided silicon strip detector.•Scattered photon detected in coincidence by BaF2 crystals for trigger purpose.•Tests carried out on the components of the spectrometer are presented.
In this paper we present a study on stratospheric intrusion (SI) events recorded at a high mountain station in the Italian northern Apennines. Six years (1998–2003) of surface ozone and beryllium‐7 ...concentration measurements as well as relative humidity values recorded at the GAW Mt. Cimone research station (44°11′N, 10°42′E; 2165 m asl) were analyzed. Moreover, three‐dimensional backward trajectories calculated by the FLEXTRA model and potential vorticity values along these trajectories were used. In order to identify SI and evaluate their contribution to the tropospheric ozone at Mt. Cimone, a statistical methodology was developed. This methodology consists of different selection criteria based on observed and modeled stratospheric tracers as well as on tropopause height values recorded by radio soundings. On average, SI effects affected Mt. Cimone for about 36 days/year. The obtained 6‐year SI climatology showed a clear seasonal cycle with a winter maximum and a spring‐summer minimum. The seasonal cycle was also characterized by an interannual variation. In particular, during winter (autumn), SI frequency could be related to the intensity of the positive (negative) NAO phase. In order to separate direct SI from indirect SI, a restrictive selection criterion was set. This criterion, named Direct Intrusion Criterion (DIC), requested that all the analyzed tracers were characterized by stratospheric values. Direct SI affected Mt. Cimone for about 6 days/year, with frequency peaks in winter and early summer. At Mt. Cimone, SI contribution to background ozone concentrations was largest in winter. On average, an ozone increase of 8% (3%) with respect to the monthly running mean was found during direct (indirect) SI. Finally, the typical variations of stratospheric tracers during SI events were analyzed. The analysis of in situ atmospheric pressure values suggested that direct SI were connected with intense fronts affecting the region, while indirect SI were possibly connected with subsiding structures related with anticyclonic areas.
Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD) are the new frontier in gas trackers. Among this kind of devices, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers are widely used. The experimental signals acquired with ...the detector must obviously be reconstructed and analysed. In this contribution, a new offline software to perform reconstruction, alignment and analysis on the data collected with APV-25 and TIGER ASICs will be presented. GRAAL (Gem Reconstruction And Analysis Library) is able to measure the performance of a MPGD detector with a strip segmented anode (presently). The code is divided in three parts: reconstruction, where the hits are digitized and clusterized; tracking, where a procedure fits the points from the tracking system and uses that information to align the chamber with rotations and shifts; analysis, where the performance is evaluated (e.g. efficiency, spatial resolution,etc.). The user must set the geometry of the setup and then the program returns automatically the analysis results, taking care of different conditions of gas mixture, electric field, magnetic field, geometries, strip orientation, dead strip, misalignment and many others.
The experiment BESIII, running at the accelerator BEPCII in Beijing (P.R.C.), is going to be updated with the replacement of the Inner Drift Chamber with a Cylindrical triple-GEM Inner Tracker ...(CGEM-IT). In the R&D stage, two standalone C++ codes were implemented: GTS (Garfield-based Triple-GEM Simulator), for digitization and tuning of simulated data to the experimental ones, and GRAAL (GEM Reconstruction And Analysis Library), for the reconstruction and analysis of the experimental events collected in testbeams. GTS simulates the triple-GEM response to the particle passage, treating each stage separately: ionization, GEM properties, gas mixture, magnetic field and finally the induction of the signal on the anode. The necessary information was extracted by GARFIELD++ simulations, parametrized and used as input in GTS. This speeds up the simulation, since GTS performs only samplings instead of the full digitization chain. The simulated events were reconstructed with the same procedure used for experimental data and tuning factors were evaluated to obtain a satisfactory match. GRAAL is used in the analysis of the testbeam experimental data. It provides several levels of reconstruction: from the cluster formation, gathering contiguous firing strips, to the spatial position and the signal time reconstruciton. Two algorithms are used: the charge centroid and the micro-TPC, which exploit the charge deposition on the strips and the time information. Also a merging of the two algorithms is available to efficiently weight the two outcomes and obtain the best estimate of the spatial coordinate. Moreover, GRAAL performs tracking and alignment. Both codes are going to be made available also for other MPGDs simulation and reconstruction.
Triple-GEM detectors are a well known technology in high energy physics. In order to have a complete understanding of their behavior, in parallel with on beam testing, a Monte Carlo code has to be ...developed to simulate their response to the passage of particles. The software must take into account all the physical processes involved from the primary ionization up to the signal formation, e.g. the avalanche multiplication and the effect of the diffusion on the electrons. In the case of gas detectors, existing software such as Garfield already perform a very detailed simulation but are CPU time consuming. A description of a reliable but faster simulation is presented here: it uses a parametric description of the variables of interest obtained by suitable preliminary Garfield simulations and tuned to the test beam data. It can reproduce the real values of the charge measured by the strip, needed to reconstruct the position with the Charge Centroid method. In addition, particular attention was put to the simulation of the timing information, which permits to apply also the micro-Time Projection Chamber position reconstruction, for the first time on a triple-GEM. A comparison between simulation and experimental values of some sentinel variables in different conditions of magnetic field, high voltage settings and incident angle will be shown.
PDF
