Seaweeds for animal production use Evans, F. D.; Critchley, A. T.
Journal of applied phycology,
04/2014, Letnik:
26, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Early scientific studies conducted at the turn of the twentieth century failed to support the inclusion of seaweeds into animal rations at high inclusion rates. At that time, based on proximate ...analysis and energy availability studies, dried seaweeds or kelp meal largely fell out of favor as a recommended animal feed source. Nevertheless, kelp meal was still regarded by some as having properties which improved animal health and productivity which were not conveniently explained by conventional feed analysis. In the 1970s, research leads to the discovery that chelated micromineral sources were more efficient for the delivery of microelements than conventional inorganic sources. This prompted renewed interest in seaweeds as rich sources of over 60+ microelements. However, it was only in the early 2000s, when detailed analysis of the complex structure of the polysaccharides associated with seaweeds was tied to their prebiotic actions, that a clear explanation for the basis of productivity and health enhancement was attained. Further analysis indicated that other constituents in various brown seaweeds such as phlorotannins and antioxidants also contributed to the observed bioactivities. Of all of the brown seaweeds cited in studies, the one most scientifically documented is
Ascophyllum nodosum
, and of all of these sources, Tasco®, a sundried, high-quality macroalgal product, produced by Acadian Seaplants has been the most studied. The latest studies of Tasco® suggest prebiotic potencies at least five times that of the reference prebiotic inulin with additional performance-enhancing benefits in animal rations that rival antibiotic inclusions.
The endogenous ligands for the LT, lipoxin (LX) and oxoeicosanoid receptors are bioactive products produced by the action of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. The LT receptors BLT1 and BLT2, are ...activated by LTB4 and the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are activated by the cysteinyl‐LTs, whereas oxoeicosanoids exert their action through the OXE receptor. In contrast to these pro‐inflammatory mediators, LXA4 transduces responses associated with the resolution of inflammation through the receptor FPR2/ALX (ALX/FPR2). The aim of the present review is to give a state of the field on these receptors, with focus on recent important findings. For example, BLT1 receptor signalling in cancer and the dual role of the BLT2 receptor in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory actions have added more complexity to lipid mediator signalling. Furthermore, a cross‐talk between the CysLT and P2Y receptor systems has been described, and also the presence of novel receptors for cysteinyl‐LTs, such as GPR17 and GPR99. Finally, lipoxygenase metabolites derived from ω‐3 essential polyunsaturated acids, the resolvins, activate the receptors GPR32 and ChemR23. In conclusion, the receptors for the lipoxygenase products make up a sophisticated and tightly controlled system of endogenous pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory signalling in physiology and pathology.
This study aims to examine the complex nature of opioid use disorder (OUD) in chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) by exploring its antecedents, attributes, consequences, and interrelated concepts.
A ...systematic literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies published between 2015 and 2022, utilizing the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases.
The selected databases provided a comprehensive range of articles related to OUD in CNCP, ensuring a comprehensive topic analysis.
Twenty-two articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. These articles were critically reviewed and analyzed to identify key themes and concepts related to OUD in CNCP.
The findings of this study shed light on the multifaceted aspects of OUD in CNCP, including its antecedents, such as goals of physical function improvement, prescription of opioids for CNCP, social influences, and mental health dynamics. The attributes of OUD in CNCP were identified as chronic pain, noncancer pain, opioid use, misuse, and abuse. OUD's consequences in CNCP include impaired functioning, increased health risks, psychological distress, social challenges, and economic burden.
Understanding the complexity of OUD in CNCP is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Collaborative efforts among healthcare systems, regulatory bodies, and professional organizations are needed to develop policies promoting safe and effective pain management while mitigating risks associated with opioid use in CNCP.
Implementing policy recommendations derived from this study enhances care and outcomes for individuals with CNCP. By addressing complex issues of OUD in CNCP and adopting evidence-based practices, healthcare providers can optimize pain management and promote well-being in CNCP patients.
We present an adaptive algorithm for the optimal phase space sampling in Monte Carlo simulations of 3D Heisenberg spin systems. Based on a golden rule of the Metropolis algorithm which states that an ...acceptance rate of is ideal to efficiently sample the phase space, the algorithm adaptively modifies a cone-based spin update method keeping the acceptance rate close to . We have assessed the efficiency of the adaptive algorithm through four different tests and contrasted its performance with that of other common spin update methods. In systems at low and high temperatures and anisotropies, the adaptive algorithm proved to be the most efficient for magnetization reversal and for the convergence to equilibrium of the thermal averages and the coercivity in hysteresis calculations. Thus, the adaptive algorithm can be used to significantly reduce the computational cost in Monte Carlo simulations of 3D Heisenberg spin systems.
An expectation that pelvic pain should be 'visible' at laparoscopy can lead to disappointment for patients and confusion among health practitioners when no abnormalities are found.
This article ...outlines an approach for understanding, explaining and managing chronic pelvic pain in women with a normal laparoscopy. It divides symptoms into those associated with pelvic organs, pelvic muscles, the central nervous system and psychosocial factors.
Management requires considering the origin of the pain, the extent of pelvic muscle reaction to the pain, the severity of central pain sensitisation and additional psychosocial aggravating factors. Considering symptoms within these categories provides a useful framework to best target therapeutic interventions. A patient who knows that management of her pain will continue and that an absence of lesions does not diminish the validity of her pain experience can feel confident in herself and her health practitioner.
The paper documents 41 European case histories that describe the seismogenic response of crystalline and sedimentary rocks to fluid injection. It is part of an on-going study to identify factors that ...have a bearing on the seismic hazard associated with fluid injection. The data generally support the view that injection in sedimentary rocks tends to be less seismogenic than in crystalline rocks. In both cases, the presence of faults near the wells that allow pressures to penetrate significant distances vertically and laterally can be expected to increase the risk of producing felt events. All cases of injection into crystalline rocks produce seismic events, albeit usually of non-damaging magnitudes, and all crystalline rock masses were found to be critically stressed, regardless of the strength of their seismogenic responses to injection. Thus, these data suggest that criticality of stress, whilst a necessary condition for producing earthquakes that would disturb (or be felt by) the local population, is not a sufficient condition. The data considered here are not fully consistent with the concept that injection into deeper crystalline formations tends to produce larger magnitude events. The data are too few to evaluate the combined effect of depth and injected fluid volume on the size of the largest events. Injection at sites with low natural seismicity, defined by the expectation that the local peak ground acceleration has less than a 10% chance of exceeding 0.07 g in 50 years, has not produced felt events. Although the database is limited, this suggests that low natural seismicity, corresponding to hazard levels at or below 0.07 g, may be a useful indicator of a low propensity for fluid injection to produce felt or damaging events. However, higher values do not necessarily imply a high propensity.
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mixture of cell types that bi-directionally interact and influence tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, and patient survival. Mesenchymal stromal cells ...(MSCs) of the tumor microenvironment engage in crosstalk with cancer cells to mediate epigenetic control of gene expression. We identified CD90+ MSCs residing in the tumor microenvironment of patients with invasive breast cancer that exhibit a unique gene expression signature. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of these MSCs in tumor-associated stroma identified a distinct subpopulation characterized by increased expression of genes functionally related to extracellular matrix signaling. Blocking the TGFβ pathway reveals that these cells directly contribute to cancer cell proliferation. Our findings provide novel insight into communication between breast cancer cells and MSCs that are consistent with an epithelial to mesenchymal transition and acquisition of competency for compromised control of proliferation, mobility, motility, and phenotype.
Abstract
Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles are one of the most promising candidates for biomedical applications such as magnetic hyperthermia and theranostics due to their bio-compatibility, structural ...stability and good magnetic properties. However, much is unknown about the nanoscale origins of the observed magnetic properties of particles due to the dominance of surface and finite size effects. Here we have developed an atomistic spin model of elongated magnetite nanocrystals to specifically address the role of faceting and elongation on the magnetic shape anisotropy. We find that for faceted particles simple analytical formulae overestimate the magnetic shape anisotropy and that the underlying cubic anisotropy makes a significant contribution to the energy barrier for moderately elongated particles. Our results enable a better estimation of the effective magnetic anisotropy of highly crystalline magnetite nanoparticles and is a step towards quantitative prediction of the heating effects of magnetic nanoparticles.
This study analyzed the NHANES database (2016–2018), investigating substance use patterns among 6,108 U.S. adults (18–64 years), with a focus on health insurance, race/ethnicity, age, gender, and ...socioeconomic status. Among participants, 1,063 reported a history of substance use. A key finding was the correlation between health insurance coverage and substance use history; notably, 80% of those with a history of substance use were insured. Non-Hispanic Whites represented a significant proportion (76%) of substance users, exceeding their population representation. Age and gender differences were prominent, with older adults (50–64 years) comprising 41% of substance users, and males accounting for 61%. The study's reliance on self-reported substance use history from NHANES may introduce measurement bias. Such bias necessitates careful interpretation of the data, considering variations across demographic and socioeconomic variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lacking health insurance increased the odds of a history of substance use (OR = 1.43, p < .01). The interaction between insurance coverage and race/ethnicity was not significant. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of substance use, highlighting the need for comprehensive public health strategies to address the diverse factors influencing substance use behaviors.
The discovery of magnetization switching via spin transfer torque (STT) in PMA-based MTJs has led to the development of next-generation magnetic memory technology with high operating speed, low power ...consumption and high scalability. In this work, we theoretically investigate the influence of finite size and temperature on the mechanism of magnetization switching in CoFeB-MgO based MTJ to get better understanding of STT-MRAM fundamentals and design. An atomistic model coupled with simultaneous solution of the spin accumulation is employed. The results reveal that the incoherent switching process in MTJ strongly depends on the system size and temperature. At 0 K, the coherent switching mode can only be observed in MTJs with the diameter less than 20 nm. However, at any finite temperature, incoherent magnetization switching is thermally excited. Furthermore, increasing temperature results in decreasing switching time of the magnetization. We conclude that temperature dependent properties and thermally driven reversal are important considerations for the design and development of advanced MRAM systems.
PDF
