Precise data on the neutron magnetic form factor Gmn have been obtained with measurements of the ratio of cross sections of D(e,e′n) and D(e,e′p) up to momentum transfers of Q2=0.9 (GeV/c)2. Data ...with typical uncertainties of 1.5% are presented. These data allow for the first time to extract a precise value of the magnetic radius of the neutron.
Abstract Background It is not quite well established how immune responses differ in term and preterm infants beyond the first year of life. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of the innate and ...adaptive immune responses in a group of preterm infants in comparison with their term peers. Methods In this cross-sectional study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from preterm and term children at age three years. Innate immune response was evaluated by the analysis of TLR receptors expression on CD11c+ HLADRhigh cells and inflammatory cytokine production after PBMC stimulation with Toll like receptors (TLR) ligands. Adaptive immune response was evaluated by T cells’ phenotyping and function after stimulation with polyclonal conventional T cell stimulus. Conclusion We have found that the patterns of innate and adaptive immune responses at 3 years of age were not affected by the fact of the children having being born preterm or at term.
Polymorphisms of hormone receptor genes have been linked to modifications in reproductive factors and to an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we have determined the allelic ...and genotypic frequencies of the ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms and investigated their relationship with mammographic density, body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for BC. A consecutive and unselected sample of 750 Brazilian BC-unaffected women enrolled in a mammography screening program was recruited. The distribution of PGR PROGINS genotypic frequencies was 72.5, 25.5 and 2.0% for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2, respectively, which was equivalent to that encountered in other studies with healthy women. The distribution of ERα genotypes was: ERα-397 PvuII C/T: 32.3% TT, 47.5% TC, and 20.2% CC; ERα-351 XbaI A/G: 46.3% AA, 41.7% AG and 12.0% GG. ERα haplotypes were 53.5% PX, 14.3% Px, 0.3% pX, and 32.0% px. These were significantly different from most previously published reports worldwide (P < 0.05). Overall, the PGR PROGINS genotypes A2A2 and A1A2 were associated with fatty and moderately fatty breast tissue. The same genotypes were also associated with a high BMI in postmenopausal women. In addition, the ERα-351 XbaI GG genotype was associated with menarche ≥ 12 years (P = 0.02). ERα and PGR polymorphisms have a phenotypic effect and may play an important role in BC risk determination. Finally, if confirmed in BC patients, these associations could have important implications for mammographic screening and strategies and may be helpful to identify women at higher risk for the disease.
The recoil proton polarization has been measured in the p(e-->,e'p-->)pi(0) reaction in parallel kinematics around W = 1232 MeV, Q2 = 0.121 (GeV/c)2, and epsilon = 0.718 using the polarized cw ...electron beam of the Mainz Microtron. All three proton polarization components, Px/P(e) = (-11.4+/-1.3+/-1.4)%, P(y) = (-43.1+/-1.3+/-2.2)%, and P(z)/P(e) = (56.2+/-1.5+/-2.6)%, could be measured simultaneously. The Coulomb quadrupole to magnetic dipole ratio, CMR = (-6.4+/-0.7(stat)+/-0.8(syst))%, was determined from Px in the framework of the Mainz Unitary Isobar Model. The consistency among the reduced polarizations and the extraction of the ratio of longitudinal-to-transverse response is discussed.
This monograph contains theoretical foundations of the spectral method for fatigue life determination where the authors discuss a rule of description of random loading states with the matrix of power ...spectral density functions of the stress/strain tensor components. Some chosen criteria of multiaxial fatigue failure being linear combinations of stress or strain components on the critical plane are analyzed. The formula proposed in this book enables to determine power spectral density of the equivalent history directly from the components of the power spectral density matrix of the multidimensional stochastic process. It presents the assumptions and the procedure of determination of basic relationships of the spectral method. The authors work out equations determining the fatigue life according to the spectral method using various linear hypotheses of fatigue damage accumulation. The algorithm of fatigue life contains five blocks: 1 determination of loading, 2 determination of the critical plane position for the assumed multiaxial fatigue failure criterion, 3 determination of power spectral density of the equivalent stress or strain, 4 determination of statistical parameters of the equivalent parameter responsible for fatigue damage, and 5 fatigue life calculation according to a suitable hypothesis of damage accumulation.
The reaction p(e,e′
π
+)n was measured at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at an invariant mass of
W=1125
MeV
and four-momentum transfers of
Q
2=0.117, 0.195 and
0.273
(
GeV/c)
2
. For each value of
Q
2, a ...Rosenbluth separation of the transverse and longitudinal cross sections was performed. An effective Lagrangian model was used to extract the `axial mass' from experimental data. We find a value of
M
A
=(1.077±0.039)
GeV
which is
(0.051±0.044)
GeV
larger than the axial mass known from neutrino scattering experiments. This is consistent with recent calculations in chiral perturbation theory.
Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is widely taken to be the starting point of the modern period of mathematics while David Hilbert was the last great mainstream mathematician to pursue ...important nineteenth cnetury ideas. This two-volume work provides an overview of this important era of mathematical research through a carefully chosen selection of articles. They provide an insight into the foundations of each of the main branches of mathematics--algebra, geometry, number theory, analysis, logic and set theory--with narratives to show how they are linked. Classic works by Bolzano, Riemann, Hamilton, Dedekind, and Poincare are reproduced in reliable translations and many selections from writers such as Gauss, Cantor, Kronecker and Zermelo are here translated for the first time. The collection is an invaluable source for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of the foundation of modern mathematics.
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