After embryonic development, Caenorhabditis elegans progress through for larval stages, each of them finishing with molting. The repetitive nature of C. elegans postembryonic development is ...considered an oscillatory process, a concept that has gained traction from regulation by a circadian clock gene homologue. Nevertheless, each larval stage has a defined duration and entails specific events. Since the overall duration of development is controlled by numerous factors, we have asked whether different rate-limiting interventions impact all stages equally.
We have measured the duration of each stage of development for over 2500 larvae, under varied environmental conditions known to alter overall developmental rate. We applied changes in temperature and in the quantity and quality of nutrition and analysed the effect of genetically reduced insulin signalling. Our results show that the distinct developmental stages respond differently to these perturbations. The changes in the duration of specific larval stages seem to depend on stage-specific events. Furthermore, our high-resolution measurement of the effect of temperature on the stage-specific duration of development has unveiled novel features of temperature dependence in C. elegans postembryonic development.
Altogether, our results show that multiple factors fine tune developmental timing, impacting larval stages independently. Further understanding of the regulation of this process will allow modelling the mechanisms that control developmental timing.
Lumbar radiculopathy is a nerve root disorder whose correct diagnosis is essential. The objective of the present study was to analyze the reliability diagnostic validity of eight neurodynamic and/or ...orthopedic tension tests using magnetic resonance imaging as the Gold Standard.
An epidemiological study of randomized consecutive cases which was observational, descriptive, transversal, double blinded and was conducted following the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) declaration. The sample size was 864 participants. Internal and external validity (CI = 95%) and reliability, were calculated for all tests performed independently. The diagnostic validity of the combined and multiple tests in parallel was also calculated.
The analysis indicated that only two tests performed independently had external validity, but neither had reliability or precision. The Straight Leg Raise test and the Bragard test performed in a multiple parallel way showed high sensitivity (97,40%), high negative predictive value (PV- 96,64%) and external validity (Likelihood Ratio- 0,05). The combined test of the Slump test and the Dejerine's triad had internal and external validity.
The Straight Leg Raise test and the Bragard test performed in a multiple parallel way and the combined test of the Slump Test and the Dejerine's triad have clinical validity to discard lumbar or lumbar-sacral radiculopathy.
In this paper, we summarize published articles and experiences related to the attempt to improve radiotherapy outcomes and, thus, to personalize the radiation treatment according to the individual ...characteristics of each patient. The evolution of ideas and the study of successively published data have led us to envisage new biophysical models for the interpretation of tumor and healthy normal tissue response to radiation. In the development of the model, we have shown that when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and radiotherapy are administered simultaneously in experimental radiotherapy on xenotumors implanted in a murine model, the results of the treatment show the existence of a synergic mechanism that is able to enhance the local and systemic actions of the radiation both on the treated tumor and on its possible metastasis. We are convinced that, due to the physical hallmarks that characterize the neoplastic tissues, the physical-chemical tropism of MSCs, and the widespread functions of macromolecules, proteins, and exosomes released from activated MSCs, the combination of radiotherapy plus MSCs used intratumorally has the effect of counteracting the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic signals that contribute to the growth, spread, and resistance of the tumor cells. Therefore, we have concluded that MSCs are appropriate for therapeutic use in a clinical trial for rectal cancer combined with radiotherapy, which we are going to start in the near future.
The main objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to analyze the characters in radio fiction, based on the updating of previous methodologies of audiovisual narrative and its adaptation to ...the medium and radio language. This methodology is applied in a specific case study: the serial “Negra y Criminal”, directed by Mona León Siminiani (Cadena Ser, Podium Podcast, 2016-2019). The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and to explore the resources used to create characters in this production. A methodology for the analysis of the radio character is proposed based on the method by Casetti and Di Chio (2007), adapted for the radio medium by Guarinos (2009). The main conclusion is that radio dramatic fiction can afford the creation of round, complex characters, with dimensionality and volume. The fictional radio character can be studied from the perspective of audiovisual narrative, considering the nature of the medium in which it will develop. As a particularity would remain its articulation from a single raw material: the sound and its wide variety of expressive resources. This determining factor becomes especially notable in the recreation of the physical materiality of the character.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es formular una metodología de análisis de personajes en la ficción radiofónica, basada en la actualización de metodologías previas de la narrativa audiovisual y su adaptación al medio y lenguaje radiofónico. Esta metodología se aplica en un estudio de caso concreto: el serial “Negra y Criminal”, dirigido por Mona León Siminiani (Cadena Ser, Podium Podcast, 2016-2019). El propósito es evaluar la eficacia de la metodología y explorar los recursos utilizados para crear personajes en esta producción. Se propone una metodología de análisis del personaje radiofónico basada en el método propuesto por Casetti y Di Chio (2007), adaptado por Guarinos (2009) para el medio radiofónico. La principal conclusión es que la ficción dramática sonora puede permitirse la creación de personajes redondos, complejos, con dimensionalidad y volumen. El personaje de ficción radiofónica es susceptible de ser analizado desde la narrativa audiovisual, considerando la naturaleza del medio en el que se va a desarrollar. Como particularidad quedaría su articulación a partir de una única materia prima: el sonido y su amplia variedad de recursos expresivos. Este condicionante se hace especialmente notable en la recreación de la materialidad física del personaje.
We investigated the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of meningoencephalitis (ME) in patients with COVID-19 attending emergency departments (ED), before hospitalization. ...We retrospectively reviewed all COVID patients diagnosed with ME in 61 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, COVID-ME) during the COVID pandemic. We formed two control groups: non-COVID patients with ME (non-COVID-ME) and COVID patients without ME (COVID-non-ME). Unadjusted comparisons between cases and controls were performed regarding 57 baseline and clinical characteristics and 4 outcomes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical and serologic findings of COVID-ME and non-COVID-ME were also investigated. We identified 29 ME in 71,904 patients with COVID-19 attending EDs (0.40‰, 95%CI=0.27–0.58). This incidence was higher than that observed in non-COVID patients (150/1,358,134, 0.11‰, 95%CI=0.09–0.13; OR=3.65, 95%CI=2.45–5.44). With respect to non-COVID-ME, COVID-ME more frequently had dyspnea and chest X-ray abnormalities, and neck stiffness was less frequent (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.1–0.9). In 69.0% of COVID-ME, CSF cells were predominantly lymphocytes, and SARS-CoV-2 antigen was detected by RT-PCR in 1 patient. The clinical characteristics associated with a higher risk of presenting ME in COVID patients were vomiting (OR=3.7, 95%CI=1.4–10.2), headache (OR=24.7, 95%CI=10.2–60.1), and altered mental status (OR=12.9, 95%CI=6.6–25.0). COVID-ME patients had a higher in-hospital mortality than non-COVID-ME patients (OR=2.26; 95%CI=1.04–4.48), and a higher need for hospitalization (OR=8.02; 95%CI=1.19–66.7) and intensive care admission (OR=5.89; 95%CI=3.12–11.14) than COVID-non-ME patients. ME is an unusual form of COVID presentation (<0.5‰ cases), but is more than 4-fold more frequent than in non-COVID patients attending the ED. As the majority of these MEs had lymphocytic predominance and in one patient SARS-CoV-2 antigen was detected in CSF, SARS-CoV-2 could be the cause of most of the cases observed. COVID-ME patients had a higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality than non-COVID-ME patients.
spp. are an important threat to horticulture and cause substantial yield losses. Plant resistance is an alternative control method for chemical nematicides. This study highlights the host suitability ...of the lettuces cultivars Grand Rapids and Salinas 88 and the beans cultivars Aporé, Cornell 49242, Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro to four
and seven
isolates from Spain in a pot experiment. Moreover, the response of these cultivars to increasing
densities (
) was assessed in a plastic greenhouse. The lettuce cultivar Regina 71 and the bean cultivar Bolinha were included as susceptible standards for comparison. It was found that Grand Rapids and Salinas 88 lettuces were resistant to the most nematode isolates in the pot experiment but were classified as slightly and moderately resistant, respectively, in the plastic greenhouse at increasing
Regarding the beans, Aporé was resistant to the majority of the
isolates whereas Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro were slightly resistant and Cornell 49242 was susceptible in the pot experiment. In the plastic greenhouse, Aporé was the only cultivar able to effectively suppress the nematode reproduction irrespective of
, while Ouro Negro became less resistant as
increased. These results play an important role in enhancing the effective and ecofriendly
management strategies.
Reinaldo Arenas, escritor cubano, representa el infierno inquisitorial de la Cuba castrista al que tuvieron que enfrentarse las personas homosexuales, convertidas en disidentes en una perpetua ...peripecia vital e intelectual. Para los teóricos del Partido Socialista Popular (PSP) la homosexualidad era el resultado de la decadencia burguesa; así quienes no siguieran la heteronorma eran relegados/as a la condición de sujetos subalternos, condenados a una especie de muerte en vida o "insilio"; siendo, incluso, destinados/ as a los campos de las UMAP (Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción) para ser «reeducados/ as». Este trabajo toma como estudio de caso la representación audiovisual de la figura de Arenas a través del análisis de tres obras audiovisuales, con objeto de identificar y analizar la relación del régimen castrista con la homosexualidad. Se aplica un análisis textual, usando las herramientas metodológicas de la Narrativa y la Teoría Queer, sobre los documentales Conducta impropia (Mauvaise conduite, Almendros y Jiménez Leal, 1983) y Seres extravagantes (Zayas, 2004) y sobre el filme Antes que anochezca (Schnabel, 2000), basado en el último libro de Arenas, autobiográfico y póstumo. Reinaldo Arenas es sin duda un ejemplo de la discriminación a los homosexuales en Cuba, de la que él fue víctima.
Este trabajo tiene por objetivo principal analizar la representación del pintor andaluz y activista queer José Pérez Ocaña en dos largometrajes de naturaleza documental, Ocaña, retrato intermitente ...(Ocaña, retrat intermitent, Ventura Pons, 1978) y Ocaña, la memoria del sol (Juan José Moreno, 2009). Nacido en un pueblo sevillano, Ocaña adquiriría popularidad en Barcelona como performer queer y como icono anarquista de resistencia al franquismo durante los años de la Transición. Se parte en este trabajo de un análisis de la representación de Ocaña como personaje con una identidad masculina disidente en los documentales citados, aplicándose una metodología de análisis textual audiovisual del personaje en el que se comparan ambos documentales (dimensiones física, psicológica, socioeconómica, etc.). Aunque los dos discursos analizados giran en torno a Ocaña y toda la información es coherente con el objetivo de describirlo, representarlo o evocarlo, varía la focalización sobre el mismo, dada la naturaleza de cada documental y sus condicionantes de producción. Puede concluirse que el análisis del protagonista de los documentales descubre un personaje redondo y complejo, capaz de sumar rasgos de su cultura de origen, fuertemente ligada a las expresiones folclóricas andaluzas, con la libertad que abrazaría a su llegada a Barcelona.
The effect of molasses alone or combined with Trichoderma asperellum T34 Biocontrol® was assessed on Meloidogyne reproduction, disease severity, and density and activity of soil microorganisms in pot ...and field experiments. Firstly, molasses application at 1 mL m−2 was assessed in four different textured soils. Secondly, molasses application at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL m−2, alone or combined with T34, was assessed in pot and field experiments at 10 mL m−2 in two different textured soils. The application of 1 mL m−2 of molasses was effective in reducing nematode reproduction in the loam textured soil but not in sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or clay loam textured soils. Increasing molasses dosage reduced the tomato dry shoot and fresh root weights, producing phytotoxicity at 40 mL m−2. The disease severity and nematode reproduction were reduced between 23% and 65% and 49% and 99%, respectively. In the field experiment, molasses applied at 10 mL m−2 reduced the disease severity and the nematode reproduction in the loam textured soil. The soil microbial density and activity did not increase in sites where the nematode reproduction and the disease severity were reduced by molasses application, irrespective of T34.
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