AbstractBackgroundOxytocin (OXT) modulates several aspects of social behavior. Intranasal OXT is a leading candidate for treating social deficits in patients with autism spectrum disorder, and common ...genetic variants in the human OXTR gene are associated with emotion recognition, relationship quality, and autism spectrum disorder. Animal models have revealed that individual differences in Oxtr expression in the brain drive social behavior variation. Our understanding of how genetic variation contributes to brain OXTR expression is very limited. MethodsWe investigated Oxtr expression in monogamous prairie voles, which have a well-characterized OXT system. We quantified brain region–specific levels of Oxtr messenger RNA and oxytocin receptor protein with established neuroanatomic methods. We used pyrosequencing to investigate allelic imbalance of Oxtr mRNA, a molecular signature of polymorphic genetic regulatory elements. We performed next-generation sequencing to discover variants in and near the Oxtr gene. We investigated social attachment using the partner preference test. ResultsOur allelic imbalance data demonstrate that genetic variants contribute to individual differences in Oxtr expression, but only in particular brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, where oxytocin receptor signaling facilitates social attachment. Next-generation sequencing identified one polymorphism in the Oxtr intron, near a putative cis-regulatory element, explaining 74% of the variance in striatal Oxtr expression specifically. Males homozygous for the high expressing allele display enhanced social attachment. ConclusionsTaken together, these findings provide convincing evidence for robust genetic influence on Oxtr expression and provide novel insights into how noncoding polymorphisms in OXTR might influence individual differences in human social cognition and behavior.
The gonadal vein was mistaken as the ureter during a case of ureteral reimplantation. A ureteral stent was identified in the vascular system, which has considerable risks and necessitates further ...surgery. Although sometimes difficult, anatomic knowledge and operative techniques may help with ureter identification.
Ureteral injury may occur during abdominopelvic surgery given its anatomic path and proximity to surrounding organs. We present a case in which a patient required ureteral reimplantation following injury during a hysterectomy. The patient underwent a seemingly uncomplicated robotic ureteral reimplantation with ureteral stent placement. However, postoperative imaging demonstrated extension of the stent from the bladder to the right atrium. It appeared that the gonadal vein was reimplanted rather than the ureter. In a combined urology-vascular surgery case, gonadal vein implantation into the bladder was confirmed. Through-and-through access from the right internal jugular vein to the urethra was established. The ureteral stent was removed and the gonadal vein was embolized, with urology follow-up for planning and scheduling of ureteral reimplantation. Vascular involvement by ureteral stents has considerable risks and often requires further surgery. Ureteral injury can occur even in the hands of experienced surgeons and has a considerable impact on patients. Recognizing important anatomy and using operative techniques to differentiate from nearby structures, such as the gonadal vein, may help in preventing ureteral injury and assisting with repair of ureteral injury.
We describe a case in which a patient had an injury to her ureter, the tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. When trying to repair this, a blood vessel (the gonadal vein) instead of the ureter was accidentally connected to the bladder. We discuss the resulting complications and management, similar cases, and important anatomy concepts and surgical techniques to prevent this type of injury.
Significantly improved lifetime of micro-channel plate PMTs Lehmann, A.; Britting, A.; Eyrich, W. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2013, Letnik:
718
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The lifetime of the most recent generation micro-channel plate (MCP) PMTs of BINP, Hamamatsu (R10754X) and PHOTONIS (XP85112) is being studied in a simultaneous measurement. We find that the new ...techniques applied to reduce the aging of the photocathode of the MCP-PMTs has significantly increased the lifetime. Dark count rate, gain and quantum efficiency of the tubes are given as a function of the integrated anode charge. Several times the quantum efficiency was also measured across the surface of the photocathode. At this point of the ongoing measurements the best MCP-PMT turns out to be the XP85112 with its MCP surfaces coated by an atomic layer to reduce the outgassing of the lead glass. This tube shows no aging after an integrated anode charge of 2.1C/cm2 which is more than an order of magnitude better than that of previous generation MCP-PMTs.
We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N⁎ resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p→pK+Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data ...samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p→pK+Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N⁎ resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c2 and 1900 MeV/c2 for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N⁎ contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pKΛ+ final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N⁎ and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions.
We report on the experimental search for the bound state of an η meson and He3 nucleus performed using the WASA-at-COSY detector setup. In order to search for the η-mesic nucleus decay, the pd→3He2γ ...and pd→3He6γ channels have been analysed. These reactions manifest the direct decay of the η meson bound in a He3 nucleus. This non-mesonic decay channel has been considered for the first time. When taking into account only statistical errors, the obtained excitation functions reveal a slight indication for a possible bound state signal corresponding to a 3He-η nucleus width Γ above 20 MeV and binding energy Bs between 0 and 15 MeV. However, the determined cross sections are consistent with zero in the range of the systematic uncertainty. Therefore, as final result we estimate only the upper limit for the cross section of the η-mesic He3 nucleus formation followed by the η meson decay which varies between 2 nb and 15 nb depending on possible bound state parameters.
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