Rationale
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and it is essential to explore potential biomarkers such as glycopeptides closely related to cancer in physiological ...samples of cervical cancer patients. Sample pretreatment is required before direct detection using mass spectrometry because there are certain limitations. Meanwhile, it is still highly desired to promote the functionalization and application of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived materials.
Methods
Using a post‐synthesis modification method, a novel type of boric acid‐functionalized MOF probe (designated as UiO‐66@PEI@Au@B(OH)2) is prepared for recognition of glycopeptides. The results are obtained using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and nano‐liquid chromarography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
The UiO‐66@PEI@Au@B(OH)2 probe exhibits a low detection limit (0.6 fmol μL−1), an excellent recovery rate, comparatively good reusability and selectivity (HRP digests:BSA digests = 1:500). When UiO‐66@PEI@Au@B(OH)2 is used to selectively capture glycopeptides from the serum of a healthy person and a cervical cancer patient, 101 glycopeptides corresponding to 54 glycoproteins and 108 glycopeptides corresponding to 57 glycoproteins are detected, respectively.
Conclusions
The successful preparation of UiO‐66@PEI@Au@B(OH)2 provides a path for the investigation of the functionalization of MOF‐derived materials. The excellent performance of UiO‐66@PEI@Au@B(OH)2 not only demonstrates the huge potential of functionalized MOFs in the glycoproteome, but also opens up new phases of the application of MOF‐based materials.
As the common and significant chemical modifications, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in the functional proteome. Affected by the signal interference, low concentration, and ...insufficient ionization efficiency of impurities, the direct detection of PTMs by mass spectrometry (MS) still faces many challenges. Therefore, sample preparation and enrichment are an indispensable link before MS analysis of PTMs in proteomics. The rapid development of functionalized materials with diverse morphologies and compositions provides an avenue for sample preparation and enrichment for PTMs analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application of novel functionalized materials in sample preparation for phosphoproteomes and glycoproteomes analysis. In addition, this review specifically discusses the design and preparation of functionalized materials based on different enrichment mechanisms, and proposes research directions and potential challenges for proteomic PTMs research.
To facilitate professional development of teachers in the online context, the online community of practice (CoPs) has become an important platform in which individuals with similar interests or ...common goals get together to share their resources, develop working strategies, solve problems, and improve individual as well as organizational performance. In this study, we have collected self-reported knowledge-sharing behaviors from 321 members of the largest online professional CoP of teachers in Taiwan. The results show that closer connections among online CoP members can lead to greater recognition of and altruism towards others. Moreover, performance expectation and self-efficacy belief play essential roles in knowledge-sharing participation. Thus, the development of social relationships among online teacher members helps them obtain potential resources and reliable support through their social network. Also, teachers' membership in the online professional CoP fosters a prosocial attitude that heightens their willingness to share useful resources and solve other members' problems, both emotionally and instrumentally. Consequently, knowledge-sharing behaviors, in terms of knowledge giving and knowing receiving, are significantly predicted by prosocial commitment and performance expectation respectively. The implications to both research and practice are provided in this paper.
•The strength of ties and prosocial commitment help obtain resources and support in the online professional CoP.•Self-efficacy reflects a mediating effect on knowledge sharing through prosocial commitment and performance expectation.•Knowledge sharing as a form of social participation is predicted by prosocial commitment and performance expectation.
Rationale
Due to the dynamic nature of phosphorylation states and the low stoichiometry of phosphopeptides, it is still a challenge to efficiently capture phosphopeptides from complex biological ...samples before mass spectrometry analysis. Among the enrichment strategies, metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) is one of the most widely used and the one with the most potential. It is based on reversible Lewis acid–base interactions between the metal oxides and the negatively charged phosphate groups to achieve the specific selection of phosphopeptides.
Methods
A novel MOAC affinity probe, denoted as G@PDA@ZrO2, was successfully synthesized by in situ grafting ZrO2 onto the surface of graphene (G) modified with polydopamine (PDA). The novel MOAC probe thus obtained was used for phosphopeptide enrichment.
Results
This novel MOAC affinity probe when used to selectively enrich phosphopeptides from standard protein digest solutions exhibited a high selectivity (β‐casein:bovine serum albumin = 1:1000), a low detection limit (4 fmol), and a high loading capacity (400 mg/g). At the same time, the experimental results proved that G@PDA@ZrO2 had great recyclability (five cycles), stability, and reproducibility. Subsequently, G@PDA@ZrO2 was applied to enrich phosphopeptides from human saliva and human serum, in which 25 and 4 phosphopeptide peaks, respectively, were detected.
Conclusions
This novel MOAC affinity probe (G@PDA@ZrO2) showed good performance in enriching phosphopeptides. Thus, G@PDA@ZrO2 has good potential in phosphopeptidomics analysis.
Rationale
By applying radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) voltages to corresponding ring electrodes, ion funnel (IF) can efficiently focus and transmit ions. However, IF has an inherent mass ...discrimination problem that will greatly limit low mass‐to‐charge (m/z) ion focusing and transmission. To improve the transmission efficiency (TE) of the IF, this paper explores three new profile quadrupole ion funnels (QIF).
Methods
Computer simulations of the potential field distributions of QIFs and conventional IFs were performed to assess their focusing characteristics. To compare the TE, ion optics simulation programs SIMION and AXSIM were used to perform a series of simulations. Three QIF types (toroidal, cylindrical, and hyperbolic configurations) were used to improve ion TE, and their transmission and focus performance were also compared with conventional IF.
Results
By simulating the trajectories of ions in the IF, the optimum electrical parameters for three new QIFs were obtained and compared with conventional IFs, with TE improvements recorded for m/z < 100 of 16%, 20%, and 13%.
Conclusions
The results indicate that studying these three new IF configurations has great research significance for improving sensitivity to low m/z ions in mass spectrometer instruments.
The rapid development of technology and knowledge-based economies has drawn attention to the linkage between academic institutions and private industries. Universities are a major source of knowledge ...creation; different industries are increasingly recognizing the importance of scientific knowledge creation and seeking alliances with universities to not only enhance their knowledge base but also gain a competitive advantage. To facilitate university–industry collaborations (UICs), financial support from governments and industries is necessary for resource allocation. This study investigates the effects of UIC funding on universities’ technology innovation performance in Taiwan. The Taiwanese government has implemented a variety of policies and programs to enhance the research innovation capability of universities and bridge the gap between academic research and industrial application. Three fundamental factors of UIC environments within universities—namely, management mechanism, innovation climate, and reward system—are identified as critical antecedents of UIC funding and universities’ technology innovation performance. The results reveal that UIC funding is directly instrumental to universities’ technology innovation. The UIC management mechanism and innovation climate within universities support diverse UIC funding. In addition, mechanism incentives affect directly and moderately university researchers’ involvement in and contribution to technology innovation.
Rationale
Glycosylation of proteins plays an important role in life activities, but the concentration of naturally occurring glycopeptides is usually relatively low, and glycosylation has microfacies ...heterogeneity, so direct mass spectrometry is not feasible. Therefore, selective enrichment of glycopeptides before mass spectrometry has turned into an urgent problem to be resolved.
Methods
Herein, the zwitterionic L‐cysteine functionalized hydrophilic graphene oxide composite (GO@PDA@MIL‐125‐NH2@Au@L‐Cys) was prepared via a postsynthetic method. The obtained material was used for glycopeptide enrichment. The enriched peptides were then detected using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) to demonstrate the enrichment performance of the material.
Results
In the actual enrichment process, GO@PDA@MIL‐125‐NH2@Au@L‐Cys nanomaterials exhibited high selectivity (1:1000), outstanding sensitivity (0.5 fmol), and excellent repeatability for the enrichment of glycopeptides. In addition, the proposed material showed good performance in the enrichment of glycopeptides from complex biosamples; 56 glycopeptides were detected from 2 μL of human serum using MALDI‐TOFMS.
Conclusions
The experimental results showed that GO@PDA@MIL‐125‐NH2@Au@L‐Cys exhibited excellent performance on glycopeptide analysis. It has great potential in the enrichment of glycopeptides and provides new ideas for synthetic materials with better enrichment properties in the future.
Rationale
Glycosylation of proteins is one of the most significant and complex post‐translational modifications, and N‐glycosylation plays a crucial role in life activities. Mass spectrometry (MS) ...has been a powerful technique in the analysis of protein glycosylation. However, the direct detection of glycoproteins in biological samples based on MS still suffers from huge challenges. Therefore, enrichment and purification of samples before MS analysis is an essential prerequisite.
Methods
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has significantly developed for selective enrichment of glycopeptides due to its simple operation process and unbiased enrichment. Herein, hydrophilic, dual amino acid–functionalized zinc sulfide quantum dots (ZnS QDs) were prepared to enrich glycopeptides using an easy procedure. The enriched glycopeptides were detected using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS).
Results
The obtained material exhibited high selectivity (1:2000), low detection limit (0.1 fmol/μl), good repeatability (10 times), and excellent recovery (89.8%) in glycopeptide enrichment. In the actual application in biological samples, 71 N‐glycopeptides and 161 N‐glycopeptides were detected from human saliva and serum, respectively.
Conclusions
ZnS‐Au‐GC was successfully prepared using an easy method. The results showed that the obtained material exhibited excellent performance in glycopeptide enrichment. Furthermore, it had showed great potential for glycopeptide enrichment in complex biological samples.
•Recent advances in diverse MOFs for complex samples pre-treatment are summarized.•Design and preparation of MOFs and enrichment mechanisms are discussed.•The directions and potential challenges in ...complex samples research are proposed.
Sample pre-treatment is of great significance for study protein phosphorylation and glycosylation. Due to the low concentration and suppression of matrices, the direct detection of phosphoprotein and glycoprotein by mass spectrometry (MS) are still facing many challenges. The demand of efficient and specific enrichment of phosphoprotein and glycoprotein promotes the sample preparation methods based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In this review, recent advances in MOFs-based samples pre–treatment, including the enrichment of protein, endogenous peptides, glycopeptides, phosphopeptides and glycans are summarized and discussed. In addition, the design and synthesis of different types of MOFs according to different enrichment mechanisms and principles are discussed. Furthermore, the potential problems of sample pre–treatment in proteomics is prospected.
In this work, a novel, rapid, and simple analytical method was proposed for the detection of parabens in milk sample by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. At the same time, milk ...sample was pretreated by magnetic solid phase extraction, which detected up to five parabens. A series of important parameters of magnetic solid phase extraction were investigated and optimized, such as pH value of loading buffer, amount of material, adsorption time, ionic strength, eluting solvents, and eluting time. Under the optimized conditions, the corresponding values were more than 0.9991, limits of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the recoveries were achieved in range of 95–105%, the liner range were within 0.1–600 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviations were even lower than 5%.
