China is committed to developing a low-carbon economy that will contribute to achieving the national strategic target of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, changes in energy-based carbon ...dioxide (CO2) emissions at both long-term and global-local scales remain poorly revealed. This study explored the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of energy-based CO2 emissions calculated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon emissions coefficient method during the period of 2004, 2010 and 2019, covering 30 provinces in China. Then, this presented study examined the impact degree of socio-economic factors concerning energy-based CO2 emissions at the global and local levels using the expanded Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, respectively. The results indicated that the total CO2 emissions have significant spatial spillover effect in northeast region, where the cluster pattern of high total CO2 emissions and high CO2 emissions from coal mainly occur. Moreover, both urbanization and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are significantly responsible for the increase in CO2 emissions. This proposed research framework can be promoted to explore the temporal-spatial characteristics of energy-based CO2 emissions in the city, the county, and even town levels to successfully realize CO2 emissions reduction.
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•This study accounted CO2 emission in China for the long time series 2004–2019 based on IPCC method.•We discovered that urbanization and GDP have a greater positive impact on driving CO2 emission.•The influence of driving factors on CO2 emissions had spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration.•The temporal-spatial characteristics of provincial CO2 emission could promote carbon emission research.
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•We analyzed the impact of land-use and climate changes on hydrology and water quality in the Teshio River watershed of northern Japan.•The climate changes influenced hydrology and ...water quality more strongly than land-use changes.•There were strong relationships between hydrologic processes and water quality under multiple climate change scenarios via shifting peaks of water, sediment and nutrient yields during the snowmelt.•The loads of N, P and sediment were mainly from agricultural land under land-use and climate change scenarios.•We suggest that mitigation plans, such as the establishment of riparian zones and improvement of nutrient efficiency through technology development to reduce the impacts of land-use and climate change on future water quality.
Quantitative prediction of environmental impacts of land-use and climate change scenarios in a watershed can serve as a basis for developing sound watershed management schemes. Water quantity and quality are key environmental indicators which are sensitive to various external perturbations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of land-use and climate changes on water quantity and quality at watershed scale and to understand relationships between hydrologic components and water quality at that scale under different climate and land-use scenarios. We developed an approach for modeling and examining impacts of land-use and climate change scenarios on the water and nutrient cycles. We used an empirical land-use change model (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects, CLUE) and a watershed hydrology and nutrient model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) for the Teshio River watershed in northern Hokkaido, Japan. Predicted future land-use change (from paddy field to farmland) under baseline climate conditions reduced loads of sediment, total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorous (P) from the watershed to the river. This was attributable to higher nutrient uptake by crops and less nutrient mineralization by microbes, reduced nutrient leaching from soil, and lower water yields on farmland. The climate changes (precipitation and temperature) were projected to have greater impact in increasing surface runoff, lateral flow, groundwater discharge and water yield than would land-use change. Surface runoff especially decreased in April and May and increased in March and September with rising temperature. Under the climate change scenarios, the sediment and nutrient loads increased during the snowmelt and rainy seasons, while N and P uptakes by crops increased during the period when fertilizer is normally applied (May through August). The sediment and nutrient loads also increased with increasing winter rainfall because of warming in that season. Organic nutrient mineralization and nutrient leaching increased as well under climate change scenarios. Therefore, we predicted annual water yield, sediment and nutrient loads to increase under climate change scenarios. The sediment and nutrient loads were mainly supplied from agricultural land under land use in each climate change scenario, suggesting that riparian zones and adequate fertilizer management would be a potential mitigation strategy for reducing these negative impacts of land-use and climate changes on water quality. The proposed approach provides a useful source of information for assessing the consequences of hydrology processes and water quality in future land-use and climate change scenarios.
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a series of molecular metal oxide clusters, which span the two domains of solutes and solid metal oxides. The unique characters of POMs in structure, geometry, and ...adjustable redox properties have attracted widespread attention in functional material synthesis, catalysis, electronic devices, and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This review is focused on the links between the intrinsic charge carrier behaviors of POMs from a chemistry‐oriented view and their recent ground‐breaking developments in related areas. First, the advantageous charge transfer behaviors of POMs in molecular‐level electronic devices are summarized. Solar‐driven, thermal‐driven, and electrochemical‐driven charge carrier behaviors of POMs in energy generation, conversion and storage systems are also discussed. Finally, present challenges and fundamental insights are discussed as to the advanced design of functional systems based upon POM building blocks for their possible emerging application areas.
The links between the intrinsic charge‐carrier behaviors of polyoxometalates (POMs) from a chemistry‐oriented view are discussed and their recent ground‐breaking developments in related areas, including molecular‐level electronic devices, solar‐driven, thermally driven, and electrochemically driven energy generation, conversion, and storage systems are reviewed. Finally, present challenges and the fundamental insights for advanced design and self‐assembly of POM building blocks are also discussed.
Super-resolution reconstruction is an essential task of seismic inversion due to the low resolution and strong noise of field data. Popular deep networks derived from U-Net lack the ability to ...recover detailed edge features and weak signals. In this article, we propose a dual decoder U-Net (D2UNet) to explore both the detail and edge information of the data. The encoder inputs the low-resolution image and the edge image obtained through the Canny algorithm. Edge images can provide rich shape and boundary information, which is helpful to generate more accurate and high-quality data. The dual decoder consists of a main decoder for high-resolution recovery and an edge decoder for edge contour detection. These two decoders interact with a texture-warping module (TWM) with deformable convolution. TWM aims to distort realistic edge details to match the fidelity of low-resolution inputs, especially the location of edges and weak signals. The loss function is a combination of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">L_{1} </tex-math></inline-formula> loss and multiscale structural similarity loss (MS-SSIM) to ensure perception quality. Results on synthetic and field seismic images show that D2UNet not only improves the resolution of noisy seismic images, but also maintains the image fidelity.
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•We investigate the surface hydration of kaolinite particles.•We calculate single water molecule adsorption on kaolinite surfaces with DFT.•We simulate hydration characteristics of ...kaolinite surfaces with MD.•Hydration layer of kaolinite is mainly composed of about 3 layers of water molecules.•The hydration mechanism of kaolinite surface is hydrogen bonding.
The surface hydration is one of the main reasons for the difficulty of coal slurry water sedimentation and dewatering, the Density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the surface hydration of kaolinite were investigated in this study. The results indicate that the adsorption of single water molecule on kaolinite (0 0 1) surface and (001¯) surface mainly by forming hydrogen bonds, and the adsorption energies of single water molecule on different initial positions of kaolinite (0 0 1) surface are −72.12 to −19.23 kJ/moL, less than that of kaolinite (001¯) surface with −19.23 to −5.77 kJ/moL, which mean that the water molecule preferentially adsorption on kaolinite (0 0 1) surface. The binding force between kaolinite surfaces and water molecules decreased with the increase of water coverage rate (or the number of water molecules), the hydrogen-bond interaction on kaolinite/water interface gradually weakened, and the water molecules on hydrophilic kaolinite surfaces can be gradually formed 3 layers of water molecules. The hydrated film of kaolinite surface is mainly composed of about 3 layers of water molecules, and its thickness is about 8–10 Å. The hydration mechanism of kaolinite surface is mainly that the water molecules at kaolinite interface are adsorbed on surface with hydrogen bonds, and a hydrated film composed of multiple water molecules is gradually formed on kaolinite surface with the increase of water coverage rate.
The design of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is crucial in terms of providing reliable power by renewable energies. So far, a number of studies have been conducted amongst which a single ...scenario based design is the mostly studied. However, we argue that handling multiple scenarios in the context of HRES design is more practical since operating conditions of a HRES (e.g., load demand) can be different periodically. For example, when designing HRES for a farmland, the busy season time and slack season time are two representative scenarios that correspond to substantially different load demand. Surprisingly, there is no adequate study of multi-scenario oriented multi-objective optimal HRES design. This study therefore fills in this research gap. A multi-scenario optimization based method is proposed for HRES design. Specifically, taking the PV(photovoltaic)–WT (wind turbines)–Bat(Battery)–DG (Diesel generator) as an example, a two-scenario bi-objective optimization model (minimization of system cost while maximization of system reliability) is proposed. In order to solve the model effectively, a scenario-dominance based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (denoted as s-NSGA-II) is proposed. Lastly, a case study is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, that is, s-NSGA-II is able to find well-balanced solutions for all scenarios, which therefore leads the s-NSGA-II to be a good alternative for dealing with the optimal design of HRES under multiple scenarios.
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•We investigate the interactions between fine particles of coal and kaolinite.•We calculate different coal oxygen structural units adsorption on kaolinite with DFT.•We simulate ...bituminous coal adsorption on kaolinite with MD.•The mechanism is hydrogen bonding and benzene rings interact with kaolinite surfaces.
Fine particles of coal and kaolinite are primary fine particles in high muddied coal slurry water, the mechanism on the interactions between fine particles of coal and kaolinite in aqueous was investigated in this study through the combined methods of experiments and quantum chemistry/molecular dynamics simulations. The results of the hydrophobic aggregation settlement show that the presence of fine coal inhibits the sedimentation of mixed minerals, while the presence of fine kaolinite can effectively promote the settlement of fine coal, which demonstrates that there are some interactions between fine particles of coal and kaolinite in aqueous. The results of the quantum chemistry/molecular dynamics simulation show that the mechanism on interactions between fine particles of coal and kaolinite should be the result of hydrogen-bond interaction and the interactions between benzene rings and kaolinite surfaces, and the interactions between benzene rings and kaolinite surfaces play the main role.
This article thoroughly examines the influence of digital transformation on the efficiency of corporate supply chains. As global economic integration accelerates and technological innovations deepen, ...digital transformation has become key to enhancing core corporate competitiveness. This research, utilizing data from A-share listed companies in China between 2007 and 2022, analyzes how companies improve supply chain efficiency through digital transformation. Furthermore, the study establishes a theoretical framework that demonstrates how digital transformation facilitates supply chain efficiency from the perspectives of internal governance and external competition. The research indicates that digital transformation plays a key role in significantly enhancing supply chain efficiency. Furthermore, the results of the mechanism analysis confirmed that digital transformation contributes to enhancing corporate supply chain efficiency by improving the level of corporate governance and the degree of market competition. The study also finds that the effect of digital transformation on supply chain efficiency varies with different corporate backgrounds, indicating its heterogeneous impact. Lastly, an analysis of economic consequences shows that the increased supply chain efficiency resulting from digital transformation can reduce future external transaction costs, strengthening the company's market position and financial performance. This research provides strategic guidance for firms to develop robust strategies amid the digital wave and offers strong policy recommendations for promoting digital supply chain management and enhancing market adaptability.
MYB transcription factors are involved in many biological processes, including metabolism, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. RADIALIS-LIKE SANT/MYB 1 (RSM1) belongs to a ...MYB-related subfamily, and previous transcriptome analysis suggests that RSM1 may play roles in plant development, stress responses and plant hormone signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms of RSM1 action in response to abiotic stresses remain obscure. We show that down-regulation or up-regulation of RSM1 expression alters the sensitivity of seed germination and cotyledon greening to abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl and mannitol in Arabidopsis. The expression of RSM1 is dynamically regulated by ABA and NaCl. Transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and HY5 HOMOLOG (HYH) regulate RSM1 expression via binding to the RSM1 promoter. Genetic analyses reveal that RSM1 mediates multiple functions of HY5 in responses of seed germination, post-germination development to ABA and abiotic stresses, and seedling tolerance to salinity. Pull-down and BiFC assays show that RSM1 interacts with HY5/HYH in vitro and in vivo. RSM1 and HY5/HYH may function as a regulatory module in responses to ABA and abiotic stresses. RSM1 binds to the promoter of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), thereby regulating its expression, while RSM1 interaction also stimulates HY5 binding to the ABI5 promoter. However, no evidence was found in the dual-luciferase transient expression assay to support that RSM enhances the activation of ABI5 expression by HY. In summary, HY5/HYH and RSM1 may converge on the ABI5 promoter and independently or somehow dependently regulate ABI5 expression and ABI5-downstream ABA and abiotic stress-responsive genes, thereby improving the adaption of plants to the environment.
•The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of flavonoids in lotus plumule were systematically analyzed using radical scavenging assays and ELISA kits.•The affinity UF-LC/MS was employed to ...rapidly screen and identify 12 bioactive flavonoids showing specific binding to COX-2 in lotus plumule.•Flavonoids O-glycosides displayed comparable binding affinities to COX-2 compared with flavonoids C-glycosides.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of flavonoids in lotus plumule were systematically analyzed using radical scavenging assays and ELISA kits. By this means, flavonoids displayed significant antioxidant activity by donating electron, H atom as well as capturing DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals, and anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of the inflammatory mediators (NO radicals, PGE2 and TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Meanwhile, the bioactive components against inflammation targeting COX-2 were also revealed using ultrafiltration coupled to LC-MS (UF-LC/MS). In this way, 12 components showing specific binding to COX-2 were screened out and identified. The structure-activity relationships suggested that flavonoids O-glycosides displayed comparable binding affinities to COX-2 compared with flavonoids C-glycosides and could be considered as the main active components. This study will provide valuable information for the further exploration of lotus plumule as functional foods or in pharmaceutical industries in the near future.
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