The gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is an inhabitant of the porcine upper respiratory tract and the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia (PP). In recent years, ...knowledge about the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression that occurs in lung and lymph node of the APP-infected swine has been advanced. However, systematic gene expression profiles on hilar nodes from pigs after infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have not yet been reported. The transcriptional responses were studied in hilar nodes (HN) from swine experimentally infected with APP and the control groupusing Agilent Porcine Genechip, including 43,603 probe sets. 9,517 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed (DE) at the p ≤ 0.01 level by comparing the log2 (normalized signal) of the two groups named treatment group (TG) and controls (CG). Eight hundred and fifteen of these DE transcripts were annotated as pig genes in the GenBank database (DB). Two hundred and seventy-two biological process categories (BP), 75 cellular components and 171 molecular functions were substantially altered in the TG compared to CG. Many BP were involved in host immune responses (i.e., signaling, signal transmission, signal transduction, response to stimulus, oxidation reduction, response to stress, immune system process, signaling pathway, immune response, cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway). Seven DE gene pathways (VEGF signaling pathway, Long-term potentiation, Ribosome, Asthma, Allograft rejection, Type I diabetes mellitus and Cardiac muscle contraction) and statistically significant associations with host responses were affected. Many cytokines (including NRAS, PI3K, MAPK14, CaM, HSP27, protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit and alpha isoform), mediating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and promoting survival and vascular permeability, were activated in TG, whilst many immunomodulatory cytokines were suppressed. The significant changes in the expression patterns of the genes, GO terms, and pathways, led to a decrease of antigenic peptides with antigen presenting cells presented to T lymphocytes via the major histocompatibility complex, and alleviated immune response induced APP of HN. The immune response ability of HN in the APP-infected pigs was weakened; however, cell proliferation and migration ability was enhanced.
Aimed at the problem that range-azimuth joint jamming can effectively generate high fidelity false targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, an anti-2D deceptive jamming method for ...multibaseline interferometric SAR is proposed in this article. The method consists of three steps: identification; classification; and suppression. First, the target is detected in the sea clutter background using constant false alarm rate algorithm, and then, the false target is identified base on the difference of the spatial position of the target in different SAR images. Second, through the analysis of the generating principle of deceptive jamming, the false target is classified by multibaseline interferometric SAR according to partial prior knowledge, which is designed based on the differences between the interferometric phase of the true and false target. Finally, the position of the active jammer is co-located underlying the phase equalization characteristics between multiple baselines and the geometric configuration of the SAR, and the adaptive beamforming method is supplied to suppress the jamming signal. The proposed method has a significantly improved ability to suppress jamming relative to interferometric phase cancellation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.
Web service composition has been recognized as a flexible way for resource sharing and application integration. For Web services providing similar functionality, quality of service (QoS) is the main ...factor to differentiate them. In this paper, the issue of QoS driven service selection in dynamic Web service composition is investigated. OWL-S is extended with a flexible QoS model to better facilitate service selection process. Based on different global constraints users set, the QoS-based service selection problems for composite services are divided into three categories. For each category, the mathematical model and its corresponding solving algorithm are put forward separately. Simulation experiments are conducted to show the validity and efficiency of the algorithms.
Web service composition has been recognized as a flexible way for resource sharing and application integration. For Web services providing similar functionality, quality of service (QoS) is the main ...factor to differentiate them. In this paper, the issue of QoS driven service selection in dynamic Web service composition is investigated. OWL-S is extended with a flexible QoS model to better facilitate service selection process. Based on different global constraints users set, the QoS-based service selection problems for composite services are divided into three categories. For each category, the mathematical model and its corresponding solving algorithm are put forward separately. Simulation experiments are conducted to show the validity and efficiency of the algorithms.
In this paper, a visual ontology modeling tool called VOEditor and an architecture based on the tool aimed at collaborative querying of Semantic Web resources are presented. A visual environment for ...ontology construction is deployed, providing a convenient mechanism for ontology engineers to create and edit their ontologies in a graphical mode. Search and coordination activities are carried out by a system of multi-agent designed for such environments. Finally, the tool and the architecture are demonstrated in the Tourism Recommendation System which is based on a tourism domain ontology created by the VOEditor.
An important issue in semantic web ontology application is how to improve ontological evolvement. In order to solve the context-sensitive environmental problem caused by constantly evolving ontology ...knowledge base, from the category theory point of view, this paper proposes a context-based formalism- Context-SHOIQ(D) DL which is under the frame of SHOIQ(D) DL, a kind of description logic, then relates its syntax, semantics, and some meta languages about reasoning and knowledge representation, finally discusses a method that implements context-aware web ontology metadata integration with this categorial Context-SHOIQ(D) DL.
With the rapid development of e-government services, change management has become a main focus. Today, the most system management tasks are still performed manually. This can be easier error-made, ...high time-consuming and more human-needed. So we present a slight ontology framework (SOF) to solve it. It combines itself with business process modeling theory to make the process part of SOF and introduces the meta-modeling theory to analysis of the features of changes based on ontologies used to describe services for semi-automatic change management. Although we use e-government domain as the example, the approach is a general solution in other domains.
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