Currently, medical institutes generally use EMR to record patient’s condition, including diagnostic information, procedures performed, and treatment results. EMR has been recognized as a valuable ...resource for large-scale analysis. However, EMR has the characteristics of diversity, incompleteness, redundancy, and privacy, which make it difficult to carry out data mining and analysis directly. Therefore, it is necessary to preprocess the source data in order to improve data quality and improve the data mining results. Different types of data require different processing technologies. Most structured data commonly needs classic preprocessing technologies, including data cleansing, data integration, data transformation, and data reduction. For semistructured or unstructured data, such as medical text, containing more health information, it requires more complex and challenging processing methods. The task of information extraction for medical texts mainly includes NER (named-entity recognition) and RE (relation extraction). This paper focuses on the process of EMR processing and emphatically analyzes the key techniques. In addition, we make an in-depth study on the applications developed based on text mining together with the open challenges and research issues for future work.
Medical Internet of Things, also well known as MIoT, is playing a more and more important role in improving the health, safety, and care of billions of people after its showing up. Instead of going ...to the hospital for help, patients’ health-related parameters can be monitored remotely, continuously, and in real time, then processed, and transferred to medical data center, such as cloud storage, which greatly increases the efficiency, convenience, and cost performance of healthcare. The amount of data handled by MIoT devices grows exponentially, which means higher exposure of sensitive data. The security and privacy of the data collected from MIoT devices, either during their transmission to a cloud or while stored in a cloud, are major unsolved concerns. This paper focuses on the security and privacy requirements related to data flow in MIoT. In addition, we make in-depth study on the existing solutions to security and privacy issues, together with the open challenges and research issues for future work.
Medical institutes use Electronic Medical Record (EMR) to record a series of medical events, including diagnostic information (diagnosis codes), procedures performed (procedure codes) and admission ...details. Plenty of data mining technologies are applied in the EMR data set for knowledge discovery, which is precious to medical practice. The knowledge found is conducive to develop treatment plans, improve health care and reduce medical expenses, moreover, it could also provide further assistance to predict and control outbreaks of epidemic disease. The growing social value it creates has made it a hot spot for experts and scholars. In this paper, we will summarize the research status of data mining technologies on EMR, and analyze the challenges that EMR research is confronting currently.
Aiming at the problem that the amplitudes of false targets (FTs) are correlated among receivers in multistatic radar system (MSRS), a multi-jammer cooperative deception jamming method based on ...periodic multiple phases modulation (PMPM) is proposed. A FT string with random fluctuations in amplitude can be generated after the signal undergoes PMPM. In the distributed jammer system, each jammer adopts PMPM jamming method with different parameters, and then jointly transmit beamforming to forward jamming signals. Finally, the amplitude of the FTs between receivers is jointly affected by the azimuth angle and the phase modulation coefficient, which destroys the amplitude "coherence" of the FTs between receivers, and eliminates the amplitude symmetry and high-order attenuation characteristics of the FT strings generated by traditional jamming method. We study the amplitude compensation and amplitude correlation performance of the proposed jamming method, derive the rank of the ratio matrix of amplitude correlation factors, and prove that FTs have dispersiveness in the amplitude ratio space. In order to obtain the optimal and stable jamming effect, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based jamming modulation parameter optimization method is designed, which effectively drops the discrimination probability of physical targets (PTs) to 14% in the benchmark scenario. Simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the jamming method.
Aimed at the problem that range-azimuth joint jamming can effectively generate high fidelity false targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, an anti-2D deceptive jamming method for ...multibaseline interferometric SAR is proposed in this article. The method consists of three steps: identification; classification; and suppression. First, the target is detected in the sea clutter background using constant false alarm rate algorithm, and then, the false target is identified base on the difference of the spatial position of the target in different SAR images. Second, through the analysis of the generating principle of deceptive jamming, the false target is classified by multibaseline interferometric SAR according to partial prior knowledge, which is designed based on the differences between the interferometric phase of the true and false target. Finally, the position of the active jammer is co-located underlying the phase equalization characteristics between multiple baselines and the geometric configuration of the SAR, and the adaptive beamforming method is supplied to suppress the jamming signal. The proposed method has a significantly improved ability to suppress jamming relative to interferometric phase cancellation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.
APETALA2/ethylene responsive factors (AP2/ERF) are unique regulators in the plant kingdom and are involved in the whole life activity processes such as development, ripening, and biotic and abiotic ...stresses. In tomato (
), there are 140 AP2/ERF genes; however, their functionality remains poorly understood. In this work, the 14th and 19th amino acid differences in the AP2 domain were used to distinguish DREB and ERF subfamily members. Even when the AP2 domain of 68 ERF proteins from 20 plant species and motifs in tomato DREB and ERF proteins were compared, the binding ability of DREB and ERF proteins with DRE/CRT and/or GCC boxes remained unknown. During fruit development and ripening, the expressions of 13 DREB and 19 ERF subfamily genes showed some regular changes, and the promoters of most genes had ARF, DRE/CRT, and/or GCC boxes. This suggests that these genes directly or indirectly respond to IAA and/or ethylene (ET) signals during fruit development and ripening. Moreover, some of these may feedback regulate IAA or ET biosynthesis. In addition, 16 EAR motif-containing ERF genes in tomato were expressed in many organs and their total transcripts per million (TPM) values exceeded those of other ERF genes in most organs. To determine whether the EAR motif in EAR motif-containing ERF proteins has repression function, their EAR motifs were retained or deleted in a yeast one-hybrid (YIH) assay. The results indicate that most of EAR motif-containing ERF proteins lost repression activity after deleting the EAR motif. Moreover, some of these were expressed during ripening. Thus, these EAR motif-containing ERF proteins play vital roles in balancing the regulatory functions of other ERF proteins by completing the DRE/CRT and/or GCC box sites of target genes to ensure normal growth and development in tomato.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) can be complicated by inflammatory disorders of remote organs, such as lung injury, in which Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) plays a vital role in proinflammatory ...responses. Currently, we found that JMJD3 expression was upregulated in the pancreas and lung in an AP male mouse model, which was also confirmed in AP patients. Further experiments revealed that the upregulation of JMJD3 and proinflammatory effects were possibly exerted by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or oxidized-mtDNA from tissue injury caused by AP. The release of mtDNA and oxidized-mtDNA contributed to the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in lung injury through the stimulator of IFN genes (STING)/TLR9-NF-κB-JMJD3-TNF-α pathway. The inhibition of JMJD3 or utilization of Jmjd3-cKO mice significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation induced by AP. Blocking mtDNA oxidation or knocking down the TLR9/STING pathway effectively alleviated inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of JMJD3 or STING/TLR9 pathway blockage might be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat AP and the associated lung injury.
To evaluate the performance of five widespread commercial products for colistin and polymyxin B susceptibility testing in China for
-positive and -negative
and
.
A total of 132
and 83
strains ...(including 68
-positive
and 28
-positive
) were collected. We analysed the performance of colistin susceptibility (with Vitek 2 and Phoenix M50) and the performance of polymyxin B susceptibility (with DL-96II, MA120, and a Polymyxin B Susceptibility Test strip; POL E-strip). Broth microdilution was used as the gold standard. Categorical agreement (CA), essential agreement (EA), major error (ME), and very major error (VME) were calculated for comparisons.
For
, the total CA, EA, ME, and VME to colistin were as follows: Vitek 2, 98.5%/98.5%/0%/2.9%; and Phoenix M50, 98.5%/97.7%/0%/2.9%. The total CA, EA, ME, and VME to polymyxin B were as follows: POL E-strip, 99.2%/63.6%/1.6%/0%; MA120, 70.0%/-/0%/58.8%; and DL-96II, 80.2%/-/1.6%/36.8%. Only Vitek 2 and Phoenix M50 presented satisfactory performances for
-positive
. For
, the total CA, EA, ME, and VME to colistin were as follows: Vitek 2, 73.2%/72.0%/0%/61.6%; and Phoenix M50, 74.7%/74.7%/0%/58.3%. The total CA, EA, ME, and VME to polymyxin B were as follows: POL E-strip, 91.6%/74.7%/2.1%/16.7%; MA120, 92.8%/-/2.1%/13.9%; and DL-96II, 92.2%/-/2.1%/8.3%. All systems were unsatisfactory for
-positive
. When the susceptibility of
-negative strains was tested, all systems presented excellent performance.
Vitek 2 and Phoenix M50 with colistin for
showed acceptable performance regardless of
expression, while DL-96II, MA120, and the POL E-strip performed worse for
-positive strains. Furthermore,
greatly affected the performance of all systems with both colistin and polymyxin B for
isolates.
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