Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between different frailty stages and the fall incidence rates of community‐dwelling older adults. The differences between various ...frailty indicators regarding assessment accuracy of the fall incidence rates of community‐dwelling elders were also analyzed. Finally, the relationship between frailty and recurrent falls was explored.
Methods
This study comprised a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis. Two researchers independently examined and extracted the related literature. The key search terms included frailty, frail, fall, older people, older, geriatric, and senior. The literature sampling period was from January 2001 to December 2016. The quality of each paper was assessed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). The databases of the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and MEDLINE were used to conduct a systematic literature search by using the random effect mode to analyze the compiled papers.
Findings
A total of 102,130 community‐dwelling older adults ≥65 years of age and 33,503 older adults who had experienced a fall were compiled to investigate the relationship between frailty and falls. The meta‐analysis results revealed that compared with robust older adults, frail older adults demonstrated the greatest risk for falls, followed by prefrail older adults. Furthermore, the use of different frailty indicators to predict the fall incidence rates of older adults yielded nonsignificantly different outcomes. In short, studies of either cardiovascular health or osteoporotic fracture indicators are effective for predicting the risk for falls in older people. Finally, this study confirmed that compared with robust older adults, frail older adults were more likely to experience recurrent falls.
Conclusions
Frailty is a crucial healthcare topic of people with geriatric syndromes. Frail older adults are likely to experience recurrent falls. In addition, the evidence‐based study indicated that once older people enter the prefrail stage, they are likely to experience falls. Therefore, older adults should be evaluated for the possibility of geriatric syndromes such as frailty, which may be addressed to reduce the risk for bone fractures and death.
Clinical Relevance
Professional nurses should use frailty assessment indicators as early as possible to evaluate the possibility of frailty in community‐dwelling older people. Meanwhile, effective frailty prevention strategies should be applied to prevent frailty, thereby reducing the incidence of falls and enhancing older persons’ quality of life.
The first highly atroposelective construction of N−N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic ...asymmetric Paal–Knorr reaction of well‐designed N‐aminoindoles with 1,4‐diketones, thus affording N‐pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N−N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N−N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N−N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N−N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
The first highly atroposelective construction of N−N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation, which is also applicable for the synthesis of N−N axially chiral bispyrroles. Such N−N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts. They may also display potent anticancer activity, thus offering new members of the N−N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Da Silva et al. showed that the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was positively associated with a higher prevalence of symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). TyG has been used in healthy ...individuals as a marker of insulin resistance. The use of this index as a marker of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients might be influenced by diabetes and the hyperlipidemic state that led to CVD. Certain considerations might be necessary before we conclude that the TyG index can be used as a marker of atherosclerosis in CVD patients. These factors can highlight the role of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels that are used in the TyG formula. Comparing the fasting blood glucose and/or triglyceride levels with the TyG index in these patients to show how much value the TyG index can add to clinical practice seems to be necessary. Conclusions of such studies might be biased by these facts. Stratification by CAD disease category cannot help achieve an understanding of the role of TyG in CVD. Correlations do not imply causation, so the use of the TyG index as an index in CAD patients is questionable.
Plasmonic color filtering and color printing have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their supreme performance in display and imaging technologies. Although various color‐related ...devices are designed, so far very few studies have touched the topic of dynamic color generation. In this article, dynamic color generation is demonstrated by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with vanadium dioxide based on its tunable optical properties through insulator–metal transition. Periodic arrays of silver nanodisks on a vanadium dioxide film are fabricated to realize different colors, relying on the excitation of localized and propagating surface plasmons, and Wood's anomaly. By tuning spatial periodicity of the arrays and diameter of the silver nanodisks, various colors can be achieved across the entire visible spectrum. Further, using insulator–metal transition of vanadium dioxide, the colors can be actively tuned by varying temperature. The approach of dynamic color generation based on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide can easily realize diverse color patterns, which makes it beneficial for display and imaging technology with distinct advantages of multifunctionality, flexibility, and high efficiency.
Dynamic color generation is realized by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with vanadium dioxide based on its tunable optical properties through insulator–metal transition. Various colors can be designed across the visible spectrum via adjusting the spatial periodicity and nanodisk diameter of the silver‐nanodisk array, and the colors can be tuned dynamically by varying the temperature.
Accurate whole-body multi-person pose estimation and tracking is an important yet challenging topic in computer vision. To capture the subtle actions of humans for complex behavior analysis, ...whole-body pose estimation including the face, body, hand and foot is essential over conventional body-only pose estimation. In this article, we present AlphaPose, a system that can perform accurate whole-body pose estimation and tracking jointly while running in realtime. To this end, we propose several new techniques: Symmetric Integral Keypoint Regression (SIKR) for fast and fine localization, Parametric Pose Non-Maximum-Suppression (P-NMS) for eliminating redundant human detections and Pose Aware Identity Embedding for jointly pose estimation and tracking. During training, we resort to Part-Guided Proposal Generator (PGPG) and multi-domain knowledge distillation to further improve the accuracy. Our method is able to localize whole-body keypoints accurately and tracks humans simultaneously given inaccurate bounding boxes and redundant detections. We show a significant improvement over current state-of-the-art methods in both speed and accuracy on COCO-wholebody, COCO, PoseTrack, and our proposed Halpe-FullBody pose estimation dataset. Our model, source codes and dataset are made publicly available at https://github.com/MVIG-SJTU/AlphaPose .
Comprehensive Summary
A new strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindoles was devised by the direct coupling of two indole rings. This strategy makes use of the ...C3‐umpolung reactivity of 2‐indolylmethanols, which enables the catalytic asymmetric addition reaction of 2‐indolylmethanols with rationally designed 2‐substituted indoles, thus constructing axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindole scaffolds in overall excellent yields (up to 98%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 96 : 4 er). This approach not only has overcome the challenges in constructing axially chiral five‐five‐membered heterobiaryls, but also represents a new application of the C3‐umpolung reactivity of 2‐indolylmethanols in asymmetric catalysis. More importantly, this class of axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindoles can undergo a variety of post‐functionalizations to give axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindole‐based organocatalysts, which have found their preliminary applications in asymmetric catalysis.
A new strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindoles was devised by the direct coupling of two indole rings. This strategy makes use of the C3‐umpolung reactivity of 2‐indolylmethanols to enable the reaction with rationally designed 2‐substituted indoles. This class of axially chiral 3,3'‐bisindoles can undergo post‐functionalizations to give 3,3'‐bisindole‐based chiral organocatalysts with potential applications in asymmetric catalysis.
A big challenge for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is the application in high power lasers, which needs the simultaneous occurrence of large second harmonic generation (SHG) and high laser induced ...damage threshold (LIDT). Herein we report the preparation of a new Ga2Se3 phase, which shows the SHG intensities of around 2.3 times and the LIDT of around 16.7 times those of AgGaS2 (AGS), respectively. In addition, its IR transparent window ca. 0.59–25 μm is also significantly wider than that of AGS (ca. 0.48–≈11.4 μm). The occurrence of the strong SHG responses and good phase‐matching indicate that the structure of the new Ga2Se3 phase can only be non‐centrosymmetric and have a lower symmetry than the cubic γ‐phase. The observed excellent SHG and phase‐matching properties are consistent with our diffraction experiments and can be well explained by using the orthorhombic models obtained through our high throughput simulations.
A simple but perfect case: A new phase of gallium selenides (δ‐Ga2Se3) has been obtained via solid‐state reactions. δ‐Ga2Se3 is phase‐matchable with large second harmonic generation (SHG) responses, high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), and wide transparent range of 0.59–25 μm. These properties are all required for the application of NLO materials with high‐power lasers.
As the internet’s footprint continues to expand, cybersecurity is becoming a major concern for both governments and the private sector. One such cybersecurity issue relates to data integrity attacks. ...This paper focuses on the power industry, where the forecasting processes rely heavily on the quality of the data. Data integrity attacks are expected to harm the performances of forecasting systems, which will have a major impact on both the financial bottom line of power companies and the resilience of power grids. This paper reveals the effect of data integrity attacks on the accuracy of four representative load forecasting models (multiple linear regression, support vector regression, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy interaction regression). We begin by simulating some data integrity attacks through the random injection of some multipliers that follow a normal or uniform distribution into the load series. Then, the four aforementioned load forecasting models are used to generate one-year-ahead ex post point forecasts in order to provide a comparison of their forecast errors. The results show that the support vector regression model is most robust, followed closely by the multiple linear regression model, while the fuzzy interaction regression model is the least robust of the four. Nevertheless, all four models fail to provide satisfying forecasts when the scale of the data integrity attacks becomes large. This presents a serious challenge to both load forecasters and the broader forecasting community: the generation of accurate forecasts under data integrity attacks. We construct our case study using the publicly-available data from Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012. At the end, we also offer an overview of potential research topics for future studies.
This study focused on older adults living in communities, primarily to investigate the relationship between physical frailty and mortality, and secondly to examine gender and age effects on the ...relationship between frailty and mortality.
The World Health Organization indicated that frailty has become an indicator of a lack of successful aging. Systematic literature reviews have yet to focus on the association between various frailty phases and mortality. Meanwhile, few studies researched gender and age effects on the correlation between physical frailty and mortality among older adults living in communities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Frailty was assessed according to the Cardiovascular Health Study by Fried et al., who defined a frail phenotype as exhibiting the following five properties: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, low physical activity, and mobility impairment. We included original epidemiologic population-based studies, cohort surveys, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Study samples included only adults aged 65 years or older who lived in communities. We excluded studies investigating hospitalised, institutionalised older adults, and those that examined disease-specific targets. We performed a pooled analysis of mortality of frailty by employing a random-effects model.
A total of 35,538 older adults and 7994 deaths were included in the meta-analysis. We identified 11 population-based studies that examined the relationship between mortality and frailty status in older adults. Compared with robust older adults, older people with frailty have the highest risks of mortality, followed by older people in the pre-frail phase. Older men with frailty have a higher risk of mortality than do frail older women. No age threshold for mortality risk was observed.
Frailty is a prevalent and critical geriatric syndrome associated with decreased survival. Through geriatric assessment of frailty, essential information pertaining to mortality among older adults can be obtained.
Chinese traditional culture, as an important part of enhancing cultural self-confidence, needs to be further integrated into the existing ideological education of colleges and universities in order ...to improve students’ cultural self-confidence. This paper centers on the research of the excellent Chinese traditional cultural identity of contemporary college students, supported by multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge. It constructs a Chinese outstanding conventional culture identity system through the entropy power method and hierarchical analysis method. After that, the questionnaire survey method is used to collect data to statistically analyze the content, the mathematical statistics method is used to verify the results, and the logical analysis method is used to construct the specific framework of the article, which demonstrates the influence of the integration of Chinese traditional culture into the teaching of ideology and politics in colleges and universities on students’ cultural self-confidence and emotional identity. The empirical analysis shows that in the 1087 sample Chinese traditional culture Civics courses, the average score of cultural self-confidence of the sample college students is 3.8406, and the average score of cultural identity is 3.6766. Through learning and experiencing Chinese traditional culture, college students deepen their recognition of the integration of Chinese traditional culture into ideological and political courses and enhance their cultural self-confidence and emotional identity.
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